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Excreted Antibiotics May Be Key to Emergence of Increasingly Efficient Antibiotic Resistance in Food Animal Production. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0079122. [PMID: 35867586 PMCID: PMC9361830 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00791-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
At a time when antibiotic resistance is seemingly ubiquitous worldwide, understanding the mechanisms responsible for successful emergence of new resistance genes may provide insights into the persistence and pathways of dissemination for antibiotic-resistant organisms in general. For example, Escherichia coli strains harboring a class A β-lactamase-encoding gene (blaCTX-M-15) appear to be displacing strains that harbor a class C β-lactamase gene (blaCMY-2) in Washington State dairy cattle. We cloned these genes with native promoters into low-copy-number plasmids that were then transformed into isogenic strains of E. coli, and growth curves were generated for two commonly administered antibiotics (ampicillin and ceftiofur). Both strains met the definition of resistance for ampicillin (≥32 μg/mL) and ceftiofur (≥16 μg/mL). Growth of the CMY-2-producing strain was compromised at 1,000 μg/mL ampicillin, whereas the CTX-M-15-producing strain was not inhibited in the presence of 3,000 μg/mL ampicillin or with most concentrations of ceftiofur, although there were mixed outcomes with ceftiofur metabolites. Consequently, in the absence of competing genes, E. coli harboring either gene would experience a selective advantage if exposed to these antibiotics. Successful emergence of CTX-M-15-producing strains where CMY-2-producing strains are already established, however, requires high concentrations of antibiotics that can only be found in the urine of treated animals (e.g., >2,000 μg/mL for ampicillin, based on literature). This ex vivo selection pressure may be important for the emergence of new and more efficient antibiotic resistance genes and likely for persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in food animal populations. IMPORTANCE We studied the relative fitness benefits of a cephalosporin resistance enzyme (CTX-M-15) that is displacing a similar enzyme (CMY-2), which is extant in E. coli from dairy cattle in Washington State. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CTX-M-15 provides a significant fitness advantage, but only in the presence of very high concentrations of antibiotic that are only found when the antibiotic ampicillin, and to a lesser extent ceftiofur, is excreted in urine from treated animals. As such, the increasing prevalence of bacteria with blaCTX-M-15 is likely occurring ex vivo. Interventions should focus on controlling waste from treated animals and, when possible, selecting antibiotics that are less likely to impact the proximal environment of treated animals.
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Ahmadvand P, Avillan JJ, Lewis JA, Call DR, Kang C. Characterization of Interactions between CTX-M-15 and Clavulanic Acid, Desfuroylceftiofur, Ceftiofur, Ampicillin, and Nitrocefin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095229. [PMID: 35563620 PMCID: PMC9100253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cefotaximase-Munich (CTX-M) extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are commonly associated with Gram-negative, hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Several beta-lactamase inhibitors, such as clavulanate, are used to inhibit the activity of these enzymes. To understand the mechanism of CTX-M-15 activity, we have determined the crystal structures of CTX-M-15 in complex with two specific classes of beta-lactam compounds, desfuroylceftiofur (DFC) and ampicillin, and an inhibitor, clavulanic acid. The crystal structures revealed that Ser70 and five other residues (Lys73, Tyr105, Glu166, Ser130, and Ser237) participate in catalysis and binding of those compounds. Based on analysis of steady-state kinetics, thermodynamic data, and molecular docking to both wild-type and S70A mutant structures, we determined that CTX-M-15 has a similar affinity for all beta-lactam compounds (ceftiofur, nitrocefin, DFC, and ampicillin), but with lower affinity for clavulanic acid. A catalytic mechanism for tested β-lactams and two-step inhibition mechanism of clavulanic acid were proposed. CTX-M-15 showed a higher activity toward DFC and nitrocefin, but significantly lower activity toward ampicillin and ceftiofur. The interaction between CTX-M-15 and both ampicillin and ceftiofur displayed a higher entropic but lower enthalpic effect, compared with DFC and nitrocefin. DFC, a metabolite of ceftiofur, displayed lower entropy and higher enthalpy than ceftiofur. This finding suggests that compounds containing amine moiety (e.g., ampicillin) and the furfural moiety (e.g., ceftiofur) could hinder the hydrolytic activity of CTX-M-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Ahmadvand
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (P.A.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Johannetsy J. Avillan
- Paul G Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (J.J.A.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Jacob A. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (P.A.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (J.J.A.); (D.R.C.)
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (P.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Garzon A, Habing G, Lima F, Silva-del-Rio N, Samah F, Pereira R. Defining clinical diagnosis and treatment of puerperal metritis in dairy cows: A scoping review. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3440-3452. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Semivolos A, Bryukhanova A, Pankov I. Fertility Recovery in Cows with Clinical Endometritis. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224303036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the materials of microbiological studies of the contents of the uterus of cows with acute catarrhal-purulent form of postpartum endometritis. Studies have shown that the microflora was represented by Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecium, Citrobacter freundii, Streptococcus pyogenes. The antibacterial activity of microflora to the drugs Enroflor®, Geomicini® F and Mitrec® was studied. The results of use of drugs for the clinical recovery of animals, the restoration of sexual cyclicity in cows were analyzed. The features of fertilization of cows after intrauterine use of various drugs for sexual cycles and for the entire duration of the experiment were studied. It was found that the highest therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of cows with acute catarrhal - purulent form of postpartum endometritis is provided by drug Mitrec®.
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Silva-Del-Río N, Valldecabres A, Espadamala A, García-Muñoz A, Pallares P, Lago A, Lima FS, Pereira RV. Treatment practices after calving-related events on 45 dairy farms in California. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12164-12172. [PMID: 34482983 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Retained fetal membranes (RFM), dystocia, and twinning are common postpartum events that increase the risk of metritis, impair reproductive performance, and contribute to antimicrobial use on dairies. The overall objective of this study was to describe treatment decisions after RFM, severe dystocia (cesarean section and fetotomy), nonsevere dystocia (nonmechanical and mechanical assistance to extract the calf), and twinning. A total of 44 dairies from California's San Joaquin Valley (39 Holstein and 6 Jersey or crossbreed herds) with 450 to 9,500 lactating cows were enrolled in this study. Researchers visited each dairy once to observe cow-side fresh cow health evaluations and to interview health evaluators and maternity workers, using a standardized survey tool. The survey included questions about antimicrobial (class, dose, and duration) and nonantimicrobial therapies for calving-related events. Antimicrobial therapy was used in all 44 dairies to treat RFM at 24 (n = 23), 48 (n = 10), or 72 h (n = 5) after calving, or when puerperal metritis signs were observed (n = 6). Antimicrobial therapy was used after all severe dystocia cases, and after nonsevere dystocia (n = 27) and twinning (n = 15). Ceftiofur products were the most common antimicrobial class; they were used to treat RFM cases (n = 29), nonsevere dystocia (n = 13), and twinning (n = 10). Supportive therapy for calving-related events included nonantimicrobial intrauterine treatments, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, oxytocin, i.v. calcium, or oral drenches. Our study highlights opportunities to reduce extra-label use of antimicrobials in postpartum cows affected with RFM, and the need for education and outreach efforts on judicious use of antimicrobials. Furthermore, antimicrobial treatment choices differed largely across dairies, indicating a need to reach consensus and promote standardized practices within the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Silva-Del-Río
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, CA 93274; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616.
| | - A Valldecabres
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, CA 93274; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616
| | - A Espadamala
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - A García-Muñoz
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia 46115, Spain
| | - P Pallares
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - A Lago
- DairyExperts Inc., Tulare, CA 93274
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616
| | - R V Pereira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616
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Yang L, Huang W, Yang C, Ma T, Hou Q, Sun Z, Zhang H. Using PacBio sequencing to investigate the effects of treatment with lactic acid bacteria or antibiotics on cow endometritis. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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de la Sota RL, Corva S, Dominguez G, Madoz LV, Jaureguiberry M, Giuliodori M. Analysis of puerperal metritis treatment records in a grazing dairy farm in Argentina. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2020; 48:239-248. [PMID: 32823328 DOI: 10.1055/a-1200-0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of antibiotic usage for the treatment of puerperal metritis (PM) and its association with reproductive performance, a retrospective cohort study including a total of 9168 records of cows from a dairy farm in Argentina was run. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cows having a PM3 (metricheck, scale 0-3) and treated with ceftiofur (ceftiofur crystalline free acid, 6.6 mg/kg) at 0-21 days postpartum (p. p.) (n = 2688), and cows having a PM 1-2 and not treated with an antibiotic at 0-21 days p. p. (n = 6480) were included in the study. All cows were reexamined with metricheck to assess the clinical cure (vaginal discharge [VD] score 0), partial cure (VD score similar or lower than previous), no cure (VD score higher than previous). Cows with a metricheck VD1-3 after 0-21 days p. p. were diagnosed as clinical endometritis (CE) 1-3. The occurrence of PM1-3, cure rate, calving to conception interval, the hazard of pregnancy, odds for non-pregnancy, and odds for CE were analyzed using SAS software. RESULTS A total of 8876 PM1-3 records were included, 2435 records of PM3 treatments with ceftiofur (27.43 %), and 6441 records of PM1-2 (72.57 %) with no treatment. Cows having PM1 and PM2 became pregnant 14 and 12 days earlier than cows with PM3 (p < 0.001). The PM3 ceftiofur treated cows had a clinical cure of 24.85 % (PM0); 53.63 % had a partially cure; and 18.52 % no cure. Conversely, cows with PM1-2 had a 51.96 %, 20.70 %, and 24.53 % cure rate, respectively (p < 0.001). Cows having complete cure became pregnant 13 and 11 days earlier than cows having partial cure and no cure (p < 0.001). Cows that had PM3 during the first 21 days p. p. had twice the chances of developing CE compared to cows having PM1-2 (41.28 % vs. 24.14 %, p < 0.001). After 21 days p. p., less than 1 % of cows with clinical cure developed CE compared to 63.32 % that developed CE with partial cure, and 38.21 % with no cure (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE After ceftiofur treatment, 78 % of cows were cured when measured by disappearance of fetid VD but only 25 % of cows had clinical cure when measured by appearance of a clear VD. The cows that remained with clinical metritis had more chances of having CE after 21 days p. p. and had more days open than cows with clear normal VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Luzbel de la Sota
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP).,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA
| | | | | | - Laura Vanina Madoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP).,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA
| | - Maria Jaureguiberry
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP).,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA
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Machado VS, Celestino ML, Oliveira EB, Lima FS, Ballou MA, Galvão KN. The association of cow-related factors assessed at metritis diagnosis with metritis cure risk, reproductive performance, milk yield, and culling for untreated and ceftiofur-treated dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9261-9276. [PMID: 32828506 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to assess the association of cow-related factors with metritis cure risk and economically important outcomes. In this prospective cohort study nested inside a randomized clinical trial, cows enrolled in a clinical trial that aimed to evaluate an alternative metritis therapy that had available plasma samples collected at metritis diagnosis were included. Metritis was defined as fetid, watery, reddish-brownish discharge with or without fever, and cure was defined as the absence of metritis signs 12 d after diagnosis. Cows were randomly allocated to remain untreated (CON; n = 147) or receive subcutaneous injections of 6.6 mg/kg of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid at enrollment and 72 h later (CEF, n = 168). Additionally, a random subset of 150 nonmetritic cows (NMET) was also included to compare milk production, reproductive performance, and culling responses. Cow-related factors evaluated include plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and haptoglobin (Hp), parity, rectal temperature, and days in milk (DIM) at metritis diagnosis, vulvovaginal laceration (VL), BCS, dystocia, twins, and retained placenta. Among CON cows, DIM at metritis diagnosis was positively associated with metritis cure [threshold = 8, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.67], whereas plasma Hp concentration tended to be negatively associated with cure of metritis (threshold = 0.54 mg/mL, AUC = 0.64). Among CEF cows, DIM at metritis diagnosis (threshold = 5, AUC = 0.67) and dystocia were positively associated with metritis cure, whereas VL and Hp (threshold = 0.78 mg/mL, AUC = 0.76) were negatively associated with cure. For CON cows that were diagnosed with metritis after 8 DIM or had plasma Hp concentration ≤0.54 mg/mL, milk production, pregnancy, and culling risk were comparable to NMET cows. However, performance was impaired when cows that developed metritis at ≤8 DIM or had Hp >0.54 mg/mL were left untreated. Among CEF cows, Hp, DIM at metritis diagnosis, dystocia, and VL were associated with metritis cure. Milk yield, reproductive performance, and culling losses are more pronounced among CEF cows when metritis was diagnosed at ≤5 DIM, Hp >0.78 mg/mL, or if they had VL or dystocia. In conclusion, these data indicate that timing of the onset of metritis and inflammatory biomarkers could be used for the development of a selective therapy strategy for metritis, but more research is needed to identify more accurate predictors of metritis spontaneous cure and treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409.
| | - M L Celestino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - E B Oliveira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0910; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - M A Ballou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0910; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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Moraes JG, Silva PR, Mendonça LG, Scanavez AA, Silva JC, Chebel RC. Effects of intrauterine infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on uterine health, resolution of purulent vaginal discharge, and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4772-4783. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Haimerl P, Arlt S, Borchardt S, Heuwieser W. Antibiotic treatment of metritis in dairy cows-A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3783-3795. [PMID: 28365115 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of the treatment of bovine metritis with common antibiotic and nonantibiotic treatment options. Acute puerperal metritis, a systemic and potentially painful illness with rectal temperature >39.5°C and signs of toxemia due to an infection of the uterus, occurs within 21 d after parturition. Because of the infectious nature, antibiotics are considered beneficial for the treatment of acute puerperal metritis. Each use of an antimicrobial drug, however, is associated with selective pressure for eventual emergence of resistant bacteria. The 23 trials evaluated in the course of a previously conducted systematic review were the basis for meta-analytic investigations. Selected trials were screened regarding their eligibility for the following investigations: (1) comparison of different antibiotic treatments with respect to metritis prevalence at time of re-examination, (2) efficacy of ceftiofur treatment with respect to metritis prevalence at time of re-examination, (3) comparison of efficacy of antibiotic versus nonantibiotic drugs with respect to metritis prevalence at time of re-examination, and (4) equivalence assessment of treatment effects on reproductive performance measures. Where at least 3 trials had investigated the same outcome variable and met the inclusion criteria (inclusion of a control or reference group diagnosed with metritis; reporting means and standard deviation in case of continuous data), meta-analytic investigations were carried out. Due to a shortage of comparable studies, we could not conduct investigations (1) and (3). Ceftiofur treatment of 828 metritic cows was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of metritis following treatment in comparison to 804 untreated cows. In conclusion, meta-analytic investigations uncovered a need for more high-quality studies. Furthermore, a positive effect of the most commonly used antibiotic drug, ceftiofur, for the treatment of bovine metritis could be shown. A comparison with other antibiotic or nonantibiotic treatment options could not be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Haimerl
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - S Arlt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - S Borchardt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - W Heuwieser
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany.
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Dubuc J. Short communication: Diagnostic performance of on-farm bacteriological culture systems for identification of uterine Escherichia coli in postpartum dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3079-3082. [PMID: 28215893 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to validate the performance of on-farm bacteriological culture systems for identification of Escherichia coli in the uterus of early postpartum dairy cows and to determine if an association is present between the results and the subsequent occurrence of puerperal metritis (PM). A prospective cohort study was conducted in one commercial Holstein dairy herd in which 400 cows were sampled between 24 and 48 h after parturition. Three bacteriological samples were obtained from the uterus of each cow and were cultured for identification of E. coli. One sample was cultured in a commercial bacteriology laboratory according to standard procedures for identification of E. coli and was considered as the reference test. The two other samples were cultured on the farm using the Tri-Plate (University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN) and Petrifilm systems, and plate readings were done after 24 and 48 h of incubation (variables: Tri24h, Tri48h, Petri24h, Petri48h). Participating cows were followed until 21 days in milk to diagnose PM. The prevalence of PM and E. coli (from the reference test) in the cow population was 15.0 and 33.5%, respectively. Both on-farm culture systems were accurate compared with the reference test. The sensitivity and specificity were 97 and 100%, 99 and 100%, 100 and 92%, and 100 and 89% for Tri24h, Tri48h, Petri24h, and Petri48h, respectively. On-farm results for Tri24h, Tri48h, Petri24h, and Petri48h were associated with subsequent occurrence of PM. The results from this study support the use of the Tri-Plate and Petrifilm culture systems on dairy farms to identify the presence of E. coli in the uterus of postpartum cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dubuc
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6 Canada.
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Daetz R, Cunha F, Bittar J, Risco C, Magalhaes F, Maeda Y, Santos J, Jeong K, Cooke R, Galvão K. Clinical response after chitosan microparticle administration and preliminary assessment of efficacy in preventing metritis in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8946-8955. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Vieira-Neto A, Lima F, Santos J, Mingoti R, Vasconcellos G, Risco C, Galvao K. Vulvovaginal laceration as a risk factor for uterine disease in postpartum dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4629-4637. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Prophylactic strategy with herbal remedy to reduce puerperal metritis risk in dairy cows: A randomized clinical trial. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Armengol R, Fraile L. Comparison of two treatment strategies for cows with metritis in high-risk lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 2015; 83:1344-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Haimerl P, Heuwieser W. Invited review: Antibiotic treatment of metritis in dairy cows: a systematic approach. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:6649-61. [PMID: 25218751 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute puerperal metritis (APM) is an acute systemic illness with fever ≥ 39.5 °C and signs of toxemia due to an infection of the uterus occurring within 21 d after parturition. Because of the infectious nature of APM, antibiotics are considered beneficial for its treatment. Each use of an antimicrobial drug, however, is associated with selective pressure for the emergence of resistant bacteria. Hence, there is a significant need to encourage prudent use of antibiotics and alternative therapies to antibiotics. Therefore, the objective of this study was to systematically review the current literature on treatment of APM. A comprehensive and systematic literature search was conducted utilizing the PubMed and CAB Abstracts databases to identify literature focusing on the antibiotic therapy of puerperal metritis in the cow. After application of specific exclusion criteria, 21 publications comprising 23 trials remained for final evaluation. Data extraction revealed that the majority of the studies (n = 19) were attributable to the highest evidence level. Of 21 studies controlled, 11 had an untreated group and 3 a positive control group. The majority of the studies (n = 17) applied ceftiofur for the treatment of APM. Concerning the efficacy of ceftiofur, 7 studies observed clinical improvement, whereas none found improved reproductive performance. Fewer than half of the studies (n = 10) performed a bacteriological examination and only 4 implemented an antibiotic susceptibility test. Also, 3 studies (13.0%) described a self-cure rate per se. Little attention was given to the issue of bacterial resistance (n = 3), the need for reducing the application of antibiotics (n = 2), or guidelines for prudent use of antibiotics (n = 1). Our findings demonstrate that implementation of bacteriological examinations, sensitivity testing, and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations, as well as reporting and discussion of critical issues (e.g., self-cure rates, resistance, prudent drug use), were suboptimal. On the other hand, the quality of studies on the treatment of APM was good, as indicated by evidence level 1. Nevertheless, more high-quality research considering self-cure rates is necessary to address critical issues related to APM and crucial to the dairy industry, such as resistance, prudent use of antibiotics, animal welfare, and cost-benefit ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Haimerl
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Heuwieser
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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