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Alves RLOR, Silva LOE, Silva MAD, Consentini CEC, Gonçalves JRS, Melo LDFE, Rodrigues MB, Sartori R. Timed-artificial insemination protocols for Bos indicus beef heifers: Evaluation of protocol length and variations in prostaglandin F2α treatments. Theriogenology 2024; 223:122-130. [PMID: 38723426 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The aim was to compare reproductive outcomes of Nelore heifers submitted to timed AI (TAI) protocols, with 7 or 9 d of permanence of the intravaginal progesterone (P4) device and different times of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) administration, for first (n = 935) and second (n = 530) services. On Day -24, heifers without corpus luteum (CL) underwent a protocol for induction of ovulation. On Day 0, heifers received a P4 device (0.5 g) and 1.5 mg estradiol (E2) benzoate. In order for the TAI to be carried out on the same day, these treatments were performed 2 d later on the heifers treated with the 7-d protocol. Additionally, heifers received 0.5 mg PGF at different times, resulting in four experimental groups: 9dP4-PGFd9 (n = 365); 9dP4-PGFd7 (n = 369); 9dP4-PGFd0&9 (n = 364); 7dP4-PGFd0&7 (n = 367). These nomenclatures indicate for how many d the P4 device was kept and the specific day on which PGF was given. At P4 removal, all heifers received 0.5 mg E2 cypionate and 200 IU eCG, and TAI was performed 2 d later. Effects were considered significant when P ≤ 0.05 (superscript letters a,b) whereas a tendency was assumed when 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10. Groups 9dP4-PGFd0&9 and 7dP4-PGFd0&7 had lower percentage of heifers with CL at P4 removal. The diameter (mm) of the dominant follicle (DF) was affected by treatment at P4 removal (9dP4-PGFd9: 11.3 ± 0.3b; 9dP4-PGFd7: 11.8 ± 0.2ab; 9dP4-PGFd0&9: 12.6 ± 0.2a; 7dP4-PGFd0&7: 10.8 ± 0.2c) and at TAI (9dP4-PGFd9: 12.7 ± 0.3ab; 9dP4-PGFd7: 13.2 ± 0.2a; 9dP4-PGFd0&9: 13.4 ± 0.2a; 7dP4-PGFd0&7: 12.4 ± 0.3b). Expression of estrus (%) was affected by treatment (9dP4-PGFd9: 89.6a; 9dP4-PGFd7: 93.5a; 9dP4-PGFd0&9: 88.2ab; 7dP4-PGFd0&7: 85.6b). There were no differences among treatments for P/AI on Day 40 (30-35 d post AI), final P/AI (between Day 70 and parturition) and pregnancy loss (between Day 40 and final P/AI). When the permanence of the P4 device was compared, regardless of PGF treatments, 9-d protocols resulted in greater DF diameter at P4 removal and at TAI, and greater expression of estrus (90.4 vs. 85.6%) than the 7-d protocol. Despite that, the 7-d protocol resulted in greater P/AI on Day 40 (55.3 vs. 49.1%). In addition, there was an interaction between protocol duration and body weight, in which heavier heifers (≥ 307 kg) had greater P/AI when treated with the 7-d protocol, in comparison to 9-d. In conclusion, longer TAI protocols (9 d of P4 device duration) resulted in greater DF diameter and expression of estrus. However, the shorter TAI protocol (7 d of P4 device duration) produced greater P/AI on Day 40, particularly in heavier heifers. Within 9-d protocols, the additional dose of PGF on Day 0 or the anticipation of the PGF to Day 7 did not influence fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L O R Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas O E Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus A da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; GlobalGen Vet Science, Jaboticabal, SP, 14887-244, Brazil
| | - José R S Gonçalves
- "Hildegard Georgina Von Pritzelwitz" Experimental Station, Londrina, PR, 86010-990, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de F E Melo
- Department of Animal Science, Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, 74001-970, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Silva EP, Antoniazzi AQ, Borges JBS, Monteiro PLJ, Machado AB, Dias MM, Portela Junior VVM, Wiltbank MC. Early induction of luteolysis in a timed AI protocol increases reproductive performance in beef cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 88:106853. [PMID: 38729096 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce a longer proestrus by early administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) in a timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol in non-suckling Bos taurus (Angus crossbreed) beef cows. On day 0, cows (n = 489) were treated with an intravaginal 1 g progesterone (P4) device and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate. On day 7, cows were randomized into two groups: PGF7(n = 244; 500 µg of sodium cloprostenol 24 h before P4 device removal) or PFG8 (n = 245; 500 µg of sodium cloprostenol at P4 device removal). On day 8, P4 device was removed and cows received 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate. All cows were submitted to TAI on day 10 (48-50 hours after P4 device removal). Cows treated with PGF on day 7 had greater expression of estrus (91.3 vs 79.1 %; P = 0.0011), regardless of CL presence at beginning of the protocol. Cows from PGF7 group had lower circulating P4 concentrations on day 8 in comparison with PGF8 treated cows (1.86 vs 2.99 ng/mL; P < 0.001). However, preovulatory follicle diameter did not differ among treatments at TAI (11.9 vs 11.8 mm; P = 0.7881). Pregnancy per TAI (P/TAI) was greater for PGF7 (63.9 vs 50.6 %; P = 0.0114) than PGF8 treated cows. In cows with follicles <8.5 mm at TAI, expression of estrus (33.3 vs 26.6 %; P = 0.6427) and P/TAI (40 vs 26.6 %; P = 0.3657) were low in both PGF7 and PGF8 treated cows, respectively. In cows with medium follicle size (8.5 to 11.9 mm) PGF7 treated cows had greater expression of estrus (90.5 vs 80 %; P = 0.033) and P/TAI (62.2 vs 49 %; P = 0.053). In cows with follicles >12 mm, expression of estrus was greater for PGF7 than PGF8 treated cows (99.1 vs 93.3 %; P = 0.045), however P/TAI did not differ (68.2 vs 59 %; P = 0.149). In cows with P4 < 1.99 ng/mL on day 8, expression of estrus was similar between PGF7 and PGF8 treated cows (92.6 vs 90.4 %; P = 0.53), and P/TAI tended to be greater for PGF7 than PGF8 treated cows (63 vs 52.1 % P = 0.076). However, in cows with P4 > 2 ng/mL PGF7 cows had higher expression of estrus (89 vs 67.5 %; P = 0.0005) and P/TAI (64.8 vs 48.7 %; P = 0.021) than PGF8. Thus, increasing the proestrous period by inducing luteolysis 24 hours earlier than removing the P4 intravaginal device enhanced fertility in non-suckling cyclic beef cows by increasing expression of estrus and P/TAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Silva
- Unidade de Reprodução de Bovinos, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Q Antoniazzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João B S Borges
- Unidade de Reprodução de Bovinos, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro L J Monteiro
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 United States
| | - Amanda B Machado
- Unidade de Reprodução de Bovinos, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Dias
- Unidade de Reprodução de Bovinos, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Valério V M Portela Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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Cavalcante de Souza D, Gonella-Diaza AM, de Carvalho NAT, Elliff FM, de Carvalho JGS, Vieira LM, Bonfim-Neto AP, de Carvalho Papa P, Ghuman SS, Madureira EH, Pugliesi G, Binelli M, Baruselli PS. Supplementation with long-acting injectable progesterone 3 days after TAI impaired luteal function in buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:76. [PMID: 38349441 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of long-acting injectable progesterone (iP4) in buffalo cows. In Experiment 1, ovariectomized buffaloes received 300 mg (iP300) or 600 mg (iP600) of iP4, and serum P4 concentrations were evaluated. In experiment 2, three groups were compared: control or administration of 300 mg of iP4 3 (iP4-D3) or 6 days (iP4-D6) after timed artificial insemination (TAI). On day 16, reproductive tract was recovered for conceptus, endometrium, and corpus luteum (CL) analysis. In experiment 3, pregnancy per AI (P/TAI) and proportion of pregnancy losses were evaluated after administration of 300 mg of iP4 3 (iP4-D3) or 6 days (iP4-D6) after TAI in lactating buffaloes. In experiment 1, serum P4 concentrations remained over 1 ng/mL for ~ 3 days in both groups. The 300 mg dose was used in subsequent experiments. In experiment 2, CL weight and endometrial glands density were decreased, and conceptus length was increased in iP4-D3 compared to control and to iP4-D6 (P < 0.05). Transcript abundance of Prostaglandin F Receptor (FP) and ISG15 in CL and of ISG15 and MX1 in endometrium was greater in iP4-D3 when compared to control and to iP4-D6 (P < 0.05). In experiment 3, there was no difference among experimental groups for P/TAI at D30 and pregnancy losses (P > 0.1); however, iP4-D3 presented a lower P/TAI at day 60 (41.7%) when compared to control (56.8%) and iP4-D6 (57.7%; P = 0.07). In conclusion, administration iP4 at 3 days after TAI affects CL development and consequently decreases final pregnancy outcome in buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cavalcante de Souza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Gonella-Diaza
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 3925 Hwy 75, Marianna, FL, 32446, USA.
| | | | - Flavia Morag Elliff
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia Gleyci Soares de Carvalho
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lais Mendes Vieira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antenor P Bonfim-Neto
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, São Judas Tadeu University, Mooca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ed Hoffman Madureira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Singh H, Pandey AK, Kumar S, Saini G, Duggal R, Bangar YC, Kumar S, Saini R, Kumar H. 5d CIDR-Heatsynch improves the circulatory estradiol levels, estrus expression and conception rate in anestrus buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis). Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4488-4499. [PMID: 36576041 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2158337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether increasing estradiol (E2) during preovulatory period would increase estrous expression, luteal profiles and conception rate in 5d CIDR based timed AI protocol. A total 156 anestrus buffalo allocated (78 per group) to either 5d CIDR-Cosynch (d-5: CIDR + GnRH; d0: PGF2α+CIDR removal; 72 h post-CIDR removal: GnRH) or 5d CIDR-Heatsynch (d-5: CIDR + GnRH; d0: PGF2α+CIDR removal; 24 h post-CIDR removal: estradiol benzoate) group. All the buffaloes inseminated at 72 and 84 h post-CIDR removal. A subset of buffalo (n = 58) were subjected to examination of the follicle diameter and luteal profile during protocol, post-AI on days 5 and 12. The buffalo in 5d CIDR-Heatsynch had greater (p < .05) E2 concentrations, estrus induction and increasing trend (p < .08) for conception rate (57.7% vs. 43.6%) than 5d CIDR-Cosynch. The percentage of pregnant buffalo that exhibited estrus signs was greater (p < .01) in 5d CIDR-Heatsynch than 5d CIDR-Cosynch. Positive correlation (p < .01) was observed between POF and E2 concentrations; POF and CL diameter, CL diameter and P4 concentrations. Estrus response and P4 concentrations were indicators of probability of pregnancy. In conclusion, 5d CIDR-Heatsynch tended to improve conception rate. The estrus expression and P4 concentrations (d5 and 12 post-first-AI) is the indicator of probability of pregnancy in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harender Singh
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Gitesh Saini
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Rakesh Duggal
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government Veterinary Hospital, Hisar, India
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Ravinder Saini
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government Veterinary Hospital, Hisar, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Monteiro PLJ, Consentini CEC, Andrade JPN, Beard AD, Garcia-Guerra A, Sartori R, Wiltbank MC. Research on timed AI in beef cattle: Past, present and future, a 27-year perspective. Theriogenology 2023; 211:161-171. [PMID: 37639998 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to (1) summarize the results from fixed-timed artificial insemination (TAI) fertility studies performed during the last 27 years; (2) compile and evaluate, as examples from the literature base, the direct comparisons made of specific manipulations to synchronization protocols; (3) evaluate the impact of the TAI programs on the reproductive performance during the breeding season, and (4) provide perspective on the future of TAI programs in beef cattle. A search of the literature published from 1995 to 2021 was conducted to identify experiments in which synchronization of ovulation and TAI in beef cattle was performed. The primary outcome of interest was fertility expressed as pregnancies per TAI. The literature included two search engines, the SIS Web of Science and the US National Library of Medicine Institutes of Health through PubMed. After the initial search and screening, a total of 228 manuscripts were selected containing a total of 272,668 TAI. A dramatic increase in the number of publications and TAIs occurred throughout the years. Most of them were from Brazil and United States, followed by Canada, Argentina, Uruguay, and Australia. Two main types of TAI programs were identified: GnRH-based and E2/P4-based protocols. In terms of GnRH-based programs, two variations were evaluated in the present manuscript. First, we evaluated the effect of the progesterone implant during the protocol. The progesterone implant increased pregnancy/TAI (P/TAI) from 44.3 to 54.3%. Second, the use of a second prostaglandin F2α treatment in 5-d CO-synch program increased the P/TAI from 53.2 to 60.9%. In E2/P4-based programs, use of GnRH at TAI increased P/TAI from 54.7 to 59.2% in cows. However, no increase was detected in heifers. Other research showed that use of TAI can increase the overall proportion of the cows pregnant at end of the breeding season and produce earlier calvings compared with bulls. In conclusion, there have been a large number of excellent research studies that have been performed during the last 27 years on TAI in beef cattle. This technology is being utilized successfully in the beef cattle industry. This success is largely because of the valid research that underlies the application of the technology and the economic value of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L J Monteiro
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Carlos Eduardo C Consentini
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo N Andrade
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Adam D Beard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Alvaro Garcia-Guerra
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Sartori R, Consentini CEC, Alves RLOR, Silva LO, Wiltbank MC. Review: Manipulation of follicle development to improve fertility of cattle in timed-artificial insemination programs. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100769. [PMID: 37567674 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an ovulatory follicle is a fundamental premise for any reproductive management program that aims to optimize fertility in cattle. Controlling follicular development comprises the synchronized emergence of a new follicular wave, selection and growth of the dominant follicle, and synchronized ovulation of a high-quality oocyte. All these follicular events, primarily driven by gonadotropin secretion, occur under a very dynamic hormonal environment. In this sense, controlling follicular development demands essentially a precise manipulation of the hormonal environment to modulate gonadotropin secretion. Furthermore, the effectiveness of hormonal manipulation strategies in the management of follicular development depends on specific particularities of each situation, which can vary widely according to genetic groups (Bos taurus vs Bos indicus), nutritional, metabolic, and reproductive status. In this regard, the constant search for the refined synchrony between the hormonal treatments and reproductive events, considering these distinctions and particularities, have provided valuable information that contributed to the development of efficient reproductive programs. This manuscript discusses the physiological bases behind the development of fine-tuned timed-artificial insemination protocols for beef and dairy cattle that resulted in great improvements in reproductive efficiency of beef and dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sartori
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - C E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - R L O R Alves
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - L O Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Prediction of the Spontaneous Estrus Expression Period Based on Large (≥10 mm) Follicle Numbers in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030231. [PMID: 36977270 PMCID: PMC10053630 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the distribution of large (≥10 mm) follicle numbers during the estrous cycle and (2) to compare the timing of the estrus expression period after the ovarian examination between cows with one large follicle (1F) and two or more large follicles (2F) with functional corpus luteum (CL) at the ovarian examination in lactating Holstein dairy cows. In experiment 1, we performed 393 ovarian examinations by ultrasonography, addressed the existence of CL (≥20 mm) and large follicle numbers, and classified cows into 1F (n = 229) and 2F (n = 164) groups. The 1F appearance rates were beyond 75% each day during 3 to 12 d after estrus. However, 2F appearance rates were beyond 75% each day during 15 to 24 d after estrus. In experiment 2, we performed 302 ovarian examinations by ultrasonography and classified cows into the 1F (n = 168) and 2F (n = 134) groups. Estrus detection was performed for 24 d after the ovarian examination in each cow. In the 2F group, 75% of estrus occurred within 9 d of the ovarian examination. However, 75% of estrus occurred 10 d after the ovarian examination in 1F. Days from the ovarian examination to estrus were significantly shorter in the 2F (6.0 d; median, 7.2 ± 4.0 d; mean ± SD) than in the 1F (13 d, 12.4 ± 4.3 d) group. In conclusion, focusing on ≥10 mm follicle numbers with CL could be useful for predicting the estrus expression period.
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Magopa TL, Mphaphathi ML, Mulaudzi T. Application of gender-ablated semen during timed artificial insemination following oestrous synchronization in dairy and beef cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:529-536. [PMID: 36645737 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare oestrous synchronization expression and conception rate following timed artificial insemination (TAI) with frozen-thawed X-sexed or unsexed semen in dairy and beef cows. For this study, 227 cows (dairy, n = 130 and beef, n = 97) were assigned to a 9-day Ovsynch + controlled intravaginal drug release (CIDR) protocol. All cows were TAI using X-sexed or unsexed semen from 8 sires. Each semen type was obtained from 4 sires [2 dairy (Holstein Friesian) and 2 beef (Angus)]. Pregnancy detection was performed on Days 35, 65 and 95 following TAI by transrectal ultrasonography and hand palpation. The proportion of oestrus expression was higher in dairy (85.3%) cows compared with beef (65.0%) cows (p < .05). Overall, dairy (X-sexed, 61.9% and unsexed, 62.0%) cows had greater conception rates on Day 35 compared to beef (X-sexed, 56.0% and unsexed, 52.2%) cows (p < .05). Concurrently, on Day 95, overall conception rates in dairy (X-sexed, 41.4% and unsexed, 48.5%) cows were greater than beef (X-sexed, 38.0% and unsexed, 37.0%) cows (p < .05). Pregnancy/embryo losses between Days 35 and 65 in dairy (X-sexed, 33.3% and unsexed, 18.2%) cows and beef (X-sexed, 28.6% and unsexed, 29.2%) cows were recorded (p < .05). Dairy (X-sexed, 7.7% and unsexed, 8.3%) cows had higher incidence of pregnancy losses between Days 66 and 95 when compared to beef (X-sexed, 5.0% and unsexed, 0.0%) cows (p < .05). Oestrous expression and conception rates in dairy and beef cows were satisfactory. Advanced reproductive biotechnologies can successfully utilize gender-ablated semen in organized emerging cattle farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabang Luther Magopa
- Germplasm Conservation and Reproduction Biotechnologies, Agricultural Research Council Animal Production, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Masindi Lottus Mphaphathi
- Germplasm Conservation and Reproduction Biotechnologies, Agricultural Research Council Animal Production, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thendo Mulaudzi
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
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9
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Sanz A, Gobikrushanth M, Colazo MG. Type of CIDR but not eCG administration affected pregnancy per AI in Holstein heifers subjected to a 5-day estrus synchronization protocol. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2106989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albina Sanz
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mohanathas Gobikrushanth
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Marcos G. Colazo
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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10
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Zwiefelhofer EM, Lillico W, Adams GP. Development of a letrozole-based synchronization protocol for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 240:106975. [PMID: 35483319 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were done to determine ovulation synchrony following a 4-day letrozole treatment (Exp 1), compare the efficacy of a letrozole-based protocol with other commonly used synchronization protocols for FTAI (Exp 2), and test a new intravaginal letrozole-releasing device (LRD) with and without pre-synchronization (Exp 3). In Exp 1, heifers and lactating cows at random stages of the estrous cycle were given an LRD for 4 days, PGF at LRD removal, and GnRH at 48 or 60 h after PGF, or no GnRH. In Exp 2, heifers and lactating cows were assigned to three FTAI groups: i) LRD, ii) estradiol+progesterone, iii) 5-d Co-synch+PRID. In Exp 3, heifers were pre-synchronized with PGF or not (control) 8 days before insertion of either an X-LRD or T-LRD for 3 days; FTAI was done 48 h after device removal. In Exp 1, the variation in interval to ovulation in cows, but not heifers, in the GnRH 48-h group was less than half that in other groups (P < 0.05). In Exp 2, the P/AI was lower (P < 0.001) in the LRD group compared to the other groups. In Experiment 3, the X-LRD increased (P < 0.0001) plasma letrozole concentrations compared to the T-LRD; the pregnancy rate was not affected by pre-synchronization or the type of LRD. Although ovulation synchrony was achieved following LRD treatment, the LRD group had the lowest P/AI compared to other protocols, perhaps because of too short an interval between LRD removal and GnRH/FTAI. Drug delivery was enhanced with the new X-LRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Zwiefelhofer
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Will Lillico
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gregg P Adams
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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11
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Mitsuishi H, Natsubori E, Otsuka T, Yayota M. High β
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carotene concentration in plasma enhances cyclic progesterone production in nonpregnant Japanese Black cows. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13782. [PMID: 36345759 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
β-Carotene is an essential nutrient in cattle reproduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-carotene supplementation on ovarian activities throughout the estrous cycle in nonpregnant Japanese Black cows. The estrous cycles of eight nonpregnant Japanese Black cows were synchronized using a double synch protocol, and the cows were divided into two groups. The cows in the β-carotene (BC) group received supplementation with 1000 mg/day β-carotene for 46 days including the synchronization period. The cows in the control (C) group did not receive β-carotene supplementation. The results showed that β-carotene supplementation at 1000 mg/day was sufficient to maintain a high plasma β-carotene concentration and increase the plasma retinol concentration and that β-carotene supplementation had no significant effects on the dominant follicle diameter, total number of estrus behaviors, or length of the estrous cycle. In contrast, the areas under the P4 concentration curves in the BC group were higher than those obtained for the C group. In conclusion, a high plasma β-carotene concentration in Japanese Black cows promotes P4 production in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle and total P4 production throughout the estrous cycle without changing the length of the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mitsuishi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Gifu University Gifu Japan
| | - Eri Natsubori
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences Gifu University Gifu Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Otsuka
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences Gifu University Gifu Japan
| | - Masato Yayota
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences Gifu University Gifu Japan
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health Gifu University (GeFAH) Gifu Japan
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12
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Núñez-Olivera R, Bó GA, Menchaca A. Association between length of proestrus, follicular size, estrus behavior, and pregnancy rate in beef heifers subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination. Theriogenology 2021; 181:1-7. [PMID: 34998022 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship between proestrus length and follicular size, estrous behavior, and pregnancy rate in Bos taurus beef heifers subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). A total of 911 heifers received a synchronization treatment protocol for FTAI (J-Synch) consisting of an intravaginal progesterone device for 6 d, estradiol benzoate at the time of device insertion cloprostenol sodium and eCG at device removal and GnRH at the time of FTAI. The presence or absence of a corpus luteum (CL) was determined by ultrasonography at device insertion and all heifers were tail painted at device removal for estrus detection at the time of FTAI. For the establishment of different periods of proestrus length (i.e., interval from device removal to FTAI), GnRH was administered i.m. at 48 h (n = 308), 60 h (n = 290) or 72 h (n = 313) after device removal. The diameter of the largest follicle at the time of GnRH administration was determined by ultrasonography, expression of estrous was determined by percentage of tail paint removal, and FTAI was performed at the time of GnRH administration in all heifers. The diameter of the largest follicle was greater when GnRH/FTAI was performed at 72 or 60 h (12.9 ± 0.2 mm and 12.8 ± 0.1 mm, respectively) than at 48 h (12.2 ± 0.1 mm, P < 0.05). The proportion of heifers in estrus tended to be greater when GnRH/FTAI was performed at 72 h (77.0%, 137/178) than at 48 h (68.2%, 122/179; P = 0.06), and intermediate at 60 h (71.4%, 120/168). Pregnancy rate tended to be greater in heifers with the longest (72 h: 70.0%, 219/313) than the shortest (48 h: 63.6%, 196/308; P < 0.1) proestrus length, while 60 h proestrus length was intermediate (63.1%, 183/290; P= NS). Pregnancy rate was affected by the presence of a CL at device insertion (71.3%, 352/494 in heifers with a CL, vs. 59.0%, 246/417 for those without a CL; P < 0.01). For those heifers bearing a CL, pregnancy rate was greater in heifers with a 72 h proestrus length (77.0%, 134/174) than with 48 or 60 h proestrus length (67.7%, 107/158 and 68.5%, 111/162; respectively; P < 0.05). In heifers without a CL, proestrus length did not affect pregnancy rate. In summary, extending proestrus length by delaying the interval from device removal to GnRH/FTAI from 48 to 72 h, was associated with a greater diameter of the preovulatory follicle, greater proportion of heifers expressing estrus at the time of FTAI, and greater pregnancy rate in cycling beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Núñez-Olivera
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Programa de Posgrado de la Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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13
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Abulaiti A, El-Qaliouby HS, El Bahgy HEK, Naseer Z, Ahmed Z, Hua G, Yang L. GPGMH, a New Fixed Timed-AI Synchronization Regimen for Swamp and River Crossbred Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:646247. [PMID: 34552970 PMCID: PMC8450502 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.646247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The crossbreeding of Swamp and River type buffalo breeds is practiced for the improvement of milk yield and reproductive performance in swamp buffalo herds. This study aimed to modify the Ovsynch synchronization protocol (GPG) and improve the fixed-timed artificial insemination (FTAI) for better reproductive performance of crossbred buffaloes. Comparison of four conventional synchronization protocols [pregnant mare gonadotropin-prostaglandin F2α-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (PmPG), gonadotropin-releasing hormone-prostaglandin F2α-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GPG), prostaglandin F2α-gonadotropin-releasing hormone-prostaglandin F2α-estradiol benzoate (PGPE), and progesterone-pregnant mare gonadotropin-prostaglandin F2α-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (P4PmPG)] in crossbred buffaloes showed that the GPG protocol treated buffaloes displayed higher (P < 0.05) estrus response with an increasing tendency in ovulation (84.6%) and pregnancy rates (30.8%) than PmPG, PGPE, and P4PmPG treated buffaloes. Buffaloes treated with a dose of 0.4 (mg/kg) mifepristone combined with GPG, exhibited higher (P < 0.05) estrous response (82.4%), ovulation (94.1%), and pregnancy (47.1%) rates compared with other doses (0, 0.3, or 0.5 mg/kg) groups. Injection of mifepristone along second GnRH injection in buffaloes improved (P < 0.05) pregnancy rate (35.3%) when compared to before or after the second GnRH of GPG protocol. Single AI after 24 h of mifepristone or second GnRH injection seems the best time to enhance the pregnancy rates in buffaloes compared to double or other single AI times in the modified GPGMH protocol. In comparison, GPGMH reduced the follicular cyst incidence (P < 0.05) with increasing ovulation (P > 0.05) and pregnancy rates (P > 0.05) than the P4GPG and GPG protocols in crossbred buffaloes. The current study supported that new synchronization protocol (modified of GPG protocol; GPGMH) by the inclusion of mifepristone (with a dose of 0.4 mg/kg along second GnRH), AI after 24 h of mifepristone or second GnRH, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG at day 5 of AI) enhance the ovulation and pregnancy rates in crossbred buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adili Abulaiti
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hadeel S El-Qaliouby
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Halla E K El Bahgy
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Zahid Naseer
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,International Joint Research Centre for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province's Engineering Research Centre in Buffalo Breeding and Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,International Joint Research Centre for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province's Engineering Research Centre in Buffalo Breeding and Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Silva FACC, da Silva GF, Vieira BS, Neto AL, Rocha CC, Lo Turco EG, Nogueira GP, Pugliesi G, Binelli M. Peri-estrus ovarian, uterine, and hormonal variables determine the uterine luminal fluid metabolome in beef heifers. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1140-1153. [PMID: 34350935 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cattle, uterine luminal fluid (ULF) is the main source of molecules that support embryo development and survival during the peri-implantation period. Our overarching hypothesis is that peri-estrus changes in uterine function, including ULF accumulation and absorption, are uneven among individuals, and it affects ULF composition and fertility. Our objectives were (1) to characterize temporal and spatial changes in ULF volume, endometrial and luteal blood perfusion, endometrial and luteal size, and circulating progesterone concentrations during the peri-estrus period in beef heifers and, (2) to associate such changes with the metabolite composition in the ULF, four days after estrus (d 0). Fourteen B. indicus heifers that presented a PGF2α responsive CL received 500 μg PGF2α analog i.m. and were examined daily by rectal B-mode and pulse-wave color-Doppler ultrasonography until the fifth day after estrus (d 5). The composition of the ULF was analyzed by targeted mass spectrometry on d 4. Multivariate analyses clustered heifers according to ovarian, uterine, and hormonal variables in clusters A (n = 5) and B (n = 8 heifers). Concentrations of Pro, Ala, Leu, Gly, Val, Lys, Ile, Phe, Asp, Orn, Tyr, Arg, Trp, Suc, Cit, ADMA, the sum of essential Amino Acids (AA), sum of non-essential AA, sum of aromatic AA, and total AA were greater in cluster A (FDR ≤ 0.05). ULF volume dynamics and uterine, ovarian, and hormonal variables during the peri-estrus period presented a concerted variation among heifers within clusters, which was associated with the ULF composition four days after estrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A C C Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gabriela F da Silva
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Vieira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Adomar L Neto
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecilia C Rocha
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edson G Lo Turco
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P Nogueira
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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15
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Alves RLOR, Silva MA, Consentini CEC, E Silva LO, Folchini NP, Oliva AL, Prata AB, Gonçalves JRS, Wiltbank MC, Sartori R. Hormonal combinations aiming to improve reproductive outcomes of Bos indicus cows submitted to estradiol/progesterone-based timed AI protocols. Theriogenology 2021; 169:89-99. [PMID: 33945944 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to study reproductive outcomes of Nelore (Bos indicus) cows submitted to a 7-d estradiol (E2)/progesterone (P4)-based timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol, receiving various combinations of doses and hormones. Primiparous (n = 962) and multiparous (n = 1935) cows were submitted to synchronization (n = 2012) and resynchronization (n = 885 non-pregnant cows at pregnancy diagnosis 30 d after TAI) protocols, following a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of eight treatments. At the initiation of the TAI protocol (Day -9), all cows received a 1.0 g intravaginal P4 insert, 2.0 mg E2 benzoate and received (PGF1) or not (PGF0) 0.5 mg cloprostenol sodium (PGF). On Day -2, the P4 insert was removed, all cows received 0.5 mg PGF, 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and 0.5 (EC0.5) or 1.0 mg estradiol cypionate (EC1.0). On Day 0, cows were treated (G1) with 8.4 μg buserelin acetate (GnRH) or not (G0), concurrently with TAI. The eight treatments were generated: 1) PGF0-EC0.5-G0 (n = 364), 2) PGF0-EC0.5-G1 (n = 363), 3) PGF1-EC0.5-G0 (n = 363), 4) PGF1-EC0.5-G1 (n = 360), 5) PGF0-EC-1.0-G0 (n = 360), 6) PGF0-EC1.0-G1 (n = 363), 7) PGF1-EC1.0-G0 (n = 361), and 8) PGF1-EC1.0-G1 (n = 363). Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was greater at first AI compared with resynchronization (58.9 [n = 2012] vs. 54.9% [n = 885]). Presence of CL on Day -9 resulted in more cows expressing estrus (81.3 [n = 680] vs. 67.1% [n = 2033]) and greater P/AI (66.0 [n = 692] vs. 54.9% [n = 2106]). There was no difference in P/AI between cows that received or not PGF on Day -9 (58.7 [n = 1447] vs. 56.6% [n = 1450]). In contrast, PGF tended to increase P/AI of cows with CL on Day -9 (with PGF = 69.1 [n = 375] vs. without PGF = 62.5% [n = 317]). Cows that received 1.0 mg EC expressed more estrus than those treated with 0.5 mg (73.8 [n = 1414] vs. 67.9% [n = 1398]) and had greater P/AI (60.2 [n = 1447] vs. 55.1% [n = 1450]). P/AI was greater in cows treated with GnRH at TAI (59.8 [n = 1449] vs. 55.5% [n = 1448]), particularly in cows that did not show estrus (52.7 [n = 393] vs. 38.1% [n = 420]). Moreover, GnRH on Day 0 increased P/AI in cows with BCS < 3.0 (57.1 [n = 723] vs. 48.6% [n = 698]), in primiparous (50.1 [n = 465] vs. 41.9% [n = 497]) and in cows that received 0.5 mg EC (58.9 [n = 723] vs. 51.3% [n = 727]). In conclusion, 1.0 mg of EC on Day -2 and GnRH at TAI improved P/AI, but the combination of a higher dose of EC and GnRH treatment at AI did not enhance this effect. Furthermore, GnRH improved P/AI especially in Bos indicus cows with lower expression of estrus, such as primiparous, thinner cows, and cows treated with 0.5 mg of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L O R Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus A Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas O E Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Natália P Folchini
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Abraham L Oliva
- Cuautitlán Higher Education Faculty-UNAM, Cuautitlán Izcalli, 54740, Mexico
| | | | | | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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16
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Silva Filho ML, Ferreira-Silva JC, Vieira JIT, Basto SRL, Chaves MS, Luz JB, Alves KS, Bartolomeu CC, Oliveira MAL. Influence of the male effect on follicular dynamics and pregnancy rate in lactating cows undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Tonizza de Carvalho NA, Soares de Carvalho JG, Sales JNDS, Guerreiro BM, Freitas BGD, D'Occhio MJ, Baruselli PS. Treatment with estradiol cypionate at progesterone withdrawal reduces handling without compromising the pregnancy rate to timed-AI in buffalo. Theriogenology 2020; 157:498-502. [PMID: 32905899 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if treatment with estradiol cypionate (EC) at the time of P4 withdrawal induced ovulation in a synchronization/timed-AI (TAI) protocol in buffalo. In Experiment 1, 56 buffaloes received an intravaginal P4 device (1.0 g) plus estradiol benzoate (EB, 2.0 mg im) on Day 0 (D0). On Day 9, the P4 device was removed and buffaloes were given PGF2α (0.53 mg im sodium cloprostenol) plus eCG (400 IU im). Buffaloes were then randomly allocated to one of two groups: Group GEC (n = 29), treated with EC (1.0 mg im) at P4 device removal; Group GEB (n = 27), treated with EB (1.0 mg im) 24 h after P4 device removal. Ovarian ultrasound was undertaken on: D0, to ascertain general ovarian status; D9 to D11 (every 24 h), to measure diameter of the largest follicle (LF) and follicular growth rate; D11 to D13 (every 12 h for 72 h), to determine the time of ovulation and ovulation rate. Following P4 device removal, Groups GEC and GEB had a similar follicular growth rate (0.9 ± 0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.1 mm/day, respectively; P = 0.15) and similar LF diameter on D11 (11.4 ± 0.6 and 12.5 ± 0.5 mm; P = 0.12). Groups GEC and GEB also had a similar diameter of the ovulatory follicle (13.0 ± 0.5 and 13.4 ± 0.6 mm; P = 0.52), interval from P4 device removal to ovulation (68.2 ± 2.8 and 71.1 ± 1.4 h; P = 0.41) and ovulation rate (62.1% and 70.4%; P = 0.44). In Experiment 2, 199 buffaloes were assigned to the two treatments in Experiment 1 (GEC, n = 100; GEB, n = 99). All animals underwent TAI 56 h after P4 device removal and pregnancy diagnosis was preformed on D41. The pregnancy rate was similar for Groups GEC and GEB (50.0 and 45.5%, respectively; P = 0.45). The findings indicate that treatment with EC at the time of P4 withdrawal induces ovulation and achieves the same pregnancy rate to TAI as treatment with EB 24 h after P4 removal. The use of EC requires one less handling which is highly important in facilitating practical adoption of TAI in assisted breeding and genetic improvement in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelcio Antonio Tonizza de Carvalho
- Research and Development Unit of Registro / Diversified Animal Science Research Center / Institute of Animal Science, Registro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Gleyci Soares de Carvalho
- Human Reproduction Section, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Nélio de Sousa Sales
- Department of Animal Science, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michael J D'Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Sala RV, Melo LF, Motta JCL, Leffers-Neto L, Carrenho-Sala LC, Fosado M, Moreno JF, Baruselli PS, Wiltbank MC, García-Guerra A. Optimization of a 5-day fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET) protocol in heifers I. Manipulation of circulating progesterone through reutilization of intravaginal progesterone devices during FTET. Theriogenology 2020; 156:171-180. [PMID: 32755716 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to: 1) compare the reproductive efficiency of embryo transfer (ET) recipients after synchronization of estrus or a 5-day synchronization of ovulation protocol for fixed time ET (FTET), and 2) determine the effect of reutilization of intravaginal P4 devices (CIDRs), up to four times, in a 5-day FTET protocol. In Experiment 1, 817 dairy heifers were assigned to one of three groups: PGF + estrus detection, 5-d FTET protocol with new (1.38 g P4) or 2nd use CIDR (previously used once for 5 d). Fresh in vitro produced embryos were transferred 7 ± 1 day after estrus (PGF + estrus) or GnRH (5-day FTET). Utilization rate (transferred/treated) was greater (P < 0.001) in heifers submitted to FTET compared to ET after estrus, however pregnancies per ET (P/ET) were not different (P > 0.10). As a result, pregnancy per treated (P/treated) recipient was greater (P < 0.05) in heifers in the 5-day FTET protocol. In Experiment 2, 40 dairy heifers without a corpus luteum (CL) were randomly allocated into one of four groups using new, 2nd use, 3rd use (previously used twice for 5 d/each), or 4th use (previously used thrice for 5 d/each) CIDRs. Circulating P4 was reduced (P < 0.01) with each reutilization. In Experiment 3, ovarian follicular dynamics were evaluated in 238 dairy heifers submitted to a 5-day protocol with either new, 2nd use, 3rd use or 4th use CIDRs at random stages of the estrous cycle. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF) was administered at CIDR removal and again 24 h later. Ovulation was induced by GnRH treatment 72 h after CIDR removal. Preovulatory follicle diameter increased (P < 0.001) progressively with increasing CIDR reutilization. Ovulation rate did not differ between treatments, however, interval from CIDR removal to ovulation decreased (P < 0.001) in heifers receiving 3rd and 4th use CIDRs compared to new or 2nd use. Finally, in Experiments 4 and 5, 1203 heifers submitted to a 5-day FTET protocol were randomly assigned to receive either a new CIDR, a 3rd use CIDR (Experiment 4) or a 4th use CIDR (Experiment 5). Despite the increase in CL volume on D5 in heifers treated with 3rd use (P = 0.03) or 4th use CIDRs (P < 0.01), there were no differences (P > 0.05) in utilization rate, P/ET, or P/treated. Thus, use of a 5-day FTET synchronization protocol improves reproductive efficiency by increasing recipient utilization, and reutilization of CIDRs up to four times in recipient dairy heifers does not compromise reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Sala
- ST Genetics-Volm Farm ST Heifer Center, Kewaskum, WI, 53040, USA
| | - L F Melo
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J C L Motta
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Leffers-Neto
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - M Fosado
- ST Genetics-Volm Farm ST Heifer Center, Kewaskum, WI, 53040, USA
| | - J F Moreno
- ST Genetics, 22575 State HWY 6 South, Navasota, TX, USA
| | - P S Baruselli
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, FMVZ-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A García-Guerra
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Ratzburg K, Jorgensen-Muga K, Murugesan J, Kastelic J, Kasimanickam V, Kasimanickam R. Presynchronization with CIDR, with or without GnRH, prior to CO-Synch in beef heifers. Theriogenology 2020; 146:80-87. [PMID: 32062151 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to compare ovarian responses and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in Angus-cross beef heifers (n = 521; 4 locations) synchronized with CIDR-CO-Synch (CCOS) versus CIDR-GnRH-CO-Synch (CGCOS) protocols. Heifers were assigned a reproductive tract score (RTS: 1, immature, acyclic; 5, mature, cyclic), body condition score (BCS: 1, emaciated; 9, obese) and temperament score (0, calm, 1, excitable). Heifers in the CCOS (n = 261) group received a CIDR on Day -20 (removed on Day -13), 100 μg GnRH on Day -10, 25 mg PGF2α on Day -3 and were timed inseminated 60 h later, with concomitant GnRH (Day 0). Heifers in the CGCOS (n = 260) group received a CIDR on Day -26 (removed on Day -19), 100 μg of GnRH on days -16 and -10, 25 mg of PGF2α on Day -3 and were timed inseminated 60 h later, with concomitant GnRH (Day 0). Ovarian ultrasonography was done in a subset of heifers (n = 60; 30 in each group) to determine number and size of ovarian follicles and presence of corpus luteum (CL). There was increased (P < 0.05) percentage of heifers with CL in CGCOS group compared to heifers in CCOS group on Day -10 (82.3 vs 68.2%) and on Day -3 (88.3 vs 75.1%). Average size of the largest ovarian follicle on Day 0 was greater for heifers in CGCOS group compared to CCOS group (P < 0.05). However, P/AI did not differ between CCOS and CGCOS groups, 55.0% (143/260) and 59.8% (156/261), respectively (P > 0.1). In conclusion, CIDR presynchronization with or without GnRH (CCOS and CGCOS protocols) in beef heifers resulted in similar P/AI. Adding GnRH to presynchronization with CIDR resulted in more heifers with a CL at PGF2α and increased preovulatory follicle diameter at AI. Future studies are needed with bigger sample size and CIDR + CO-Synch treatment as control to determine economic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamron Ratzburg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Katriana Jorgensen-Muga
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jeeviya Murugesan
- Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, TN, India
| | - John Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vanmathy Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ramanathan Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Núñez-Olivera R, Cuadro F, Menchaca A. Is prostaglandin F2α administration at the beginning of a progesterone and estradiol-based treatment for FTAI an effective strategy in Bos taurus heifers? Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 210:106201. [PMID: 31635780 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate effects of prostaglandin (PG) F2α administration at the beginning of a progesterone and estradiol-based treatment period on ovarian response and pregnancy rate (P/AI) in Bos taurus beef heifers. Heifers were treated with 500 μg of cloprostenol administered: a) in two half-doses (250 μg) at the time of progesterone device insertion and removal (two-PG), or b) in a single dose at the time of device removal (one-PG). In the two-PG group, administration of PG at device insertion resulted in lesser serum progesterone concentrations during the 7-d treatment period (P < 0.05). Additionally, diameter of the follicle from which ovulation occurred was greater, and ovulation occurred earlier in the two-PG compared with one-PG group (P < 0.05). Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) was performed in 3479 heifers with two times for FTAI (48 compared with 54 h from device removal). There was no effect on P/AI percentage for the PG treatment or the time of FTAI. The FTAI at 54 h resulted in a greater P/AI percentage in the one-PG than two-PG group (70.5%, 253/359 and 63.5%, 254/400, respectively; P < 0.05). There were no differences between PG treatments when FTAI was performed at 48 h after device removal. In conclusion, the administration of PG at the time of intravaginal progesterone device insertion results in lesser progesterone concentrations, and an increased size of the follicle from which ovulation occurs, and the time of ovulation is earlier after device removal. The pregnancy rate was not affected by the PG administration at the time of device insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Núñez-Olivera
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Programa de Posgrado de la Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Federico Cuadro
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Programa de Posgrado de la Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejo Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Programa de Posgrado de la Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Caunce SL, Dadarwal D, Adams GP, Brar P, Singh J. An objective volumetric method for assessment of ovarian follicular and luteal vascular flow using colour Doppler ultrasonography. Theriogenology 2019; 138:66-76. [PMID: 31302433 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our goal was to develop an objective computer-assisted volumetric method of assessing vascular flow from colour Doppler ultrasound data of ovarian structures recorded by free-hand movement. We hypothesized that a vascularity index (ratio of the region of blood flood to the region of ovarian structure) obtained from the three-dimensional volumetric analysis would be more precise (less variable) than conventional two-dimensional analysis of single images in estimating the functional status of the preovulatory follicles and corpus luteum. Doppler ultrasound cineloops of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis; n = 22) ovaries were recorded daily from 12 h before GnRH treatment to four days after ovulation. Cineloops were processed using Fiji and Imaris software packages for segmenting the area (two-dimensional analysis) and the volume (three-dimensional analysis) occupied by the blood-flow and associated tissue to calculate the vascularity index. For volumetric measurement, all images in a cineloop were used (i.e., no a-priori selection of images) while for two-dimensional analysis, three images from the region with apparent maximum vascularity were selected. The volumetric method was verified with theoretical ellipsoidal volume of the follicle (r = 0.96 P < 0.01) or corpus luteum (r = 0.58 P = 0.02). The variability in the follicular vascularity index among animals was lower using the volumetric method than two-dimensional analysis (0.018 ± 0.002 vs 0.030 ± 0.005, P < 0.01), while the variability for CL vascularity was similar between methods (P = 0.23). An increase in the follicular vascularity index was detected at 12 h after GnRH treatment using both methods (two-dimensional: 0.030 ± 0.008, P < 0.01; three-dimensional: 0.016 ± 0.006, P < 0.02). Buffaloes that ovulated tended to have a greater increase in 3D vascularity index than non-responding buffaloes (P = 0.06); the two-dimensional method was not able to detect these changes. Using the three-dimensional method, a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.59; P = 0.02) was evident between the follicular vascularity index at 14-16 h after GnRH treatment and follicular diameter. In conclusion, an objective volumetric method for assessing relative ovarian blood flow changes was developed using Doppler ultrasound cineloops recorded by free-hand movement. The 3-dimensional method eliminates the need for a-priori selection of images and is more precise as a result of decreased technical variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena L Caunce
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Dinesh Dadarwal
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Gregg P Adams
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Parkash Brar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jaswant Singh
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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Timed artificial insemination plus heat II: gonadorelin injection in cows with low estrus expression scores increased pregnancy in progesterone/estradiol-based protocol. Animal 2019; 13:2313-2318. [PMID: 30915942 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of tail chalk and estrus/heat expression scores (HEATSC) evaluation is instrumental in identifying cows with greater estrus expression and greater artificial insemination pregnancy rates (P/AI) in cows submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI), and cows with low or no estrus expression present lower P/AI. It was intended in this study to improve the pregnancy rates in TAI for Bos indicus beef cows, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection was hypothesized to increase pregnancy rates in a TAI program for cows submitted to progesterone-estradiol-based protocols with low or no estrus expression, evaluated by HEATSC. Cows (n= 2284) received a progesterone device and 2 mg estradiol benzoate, after 8 days the device was removed and 1 mg estradiol cypionate, 150 μg of d-cloprostenol and 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin was administered. All cows were marked with chalk and HEATSC evaluated (scales 1 to 3) at TAI performed on day 10. Animals with HEATSC1 and HEATSC2 (n= 937) received 100 μg de gonadorelin (GNRH group; n= 470), or 1 ml saline (Control group; n= 467), and cows with HEATSC3 (named HEAT group; n= 1347) received no additional treatment. The larger dominant follicle, evaluated on day 8and at TAI (day 10), was greater in HEAT group (P= 0.0145 and P <0.001, respectively). Corpus luteum (CL) area and progesterone concentration was evaluated on day 17, and CL area was larger in HEAT group, intermediary in Control and lower in GnRH group (Control= 2.68 cm2, GnRH= 2.37 cm2, HEAT group= 3.07 cm2, P <0.001). Greater progesterone concentrations were found in HEAT group than in Control and GnRH groups (Control= 4.74 ng/ml, GnRH= 4.29 ng/ml, HEAT group= 6.08 ng/ml, P<0.001). There was a difference in ovulation rate, greater in HEAT group than GnRH and Control groups (Control= 72.5%; GnRH= 81.25%; HEAT group= 90.71%; P= 0.0024). Artificial insemination pregnancy rates was greater in HEAT group (57.09% (769/1347) than in Control and GNRH groups, with positive effect of GnRH injection at the time of TAI in P/AI (Control= 36.18% (169/467), GnRH= 45.95% (216/470); P<0.0001). In conclusion, GnRH application in cows with low HEATSC (1 and 2) is a simple strategy, requiring no changes in TAI management to increase pregnancy rates in postpartum beef cows submitted to progesterone-estradiol-based TAI protocols, without reaching, however, the pregnancy rates of cows that demonstrate high estrus expression at the TAI.
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Cavalieri J. Absence of a corpus luteum and relatively lesser concentrations of progesterone during the period of pre-ovulatory follicle emergence results in lesser pregnancy rates in Bos indicus cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 204:39-49. [PMID: 30853120 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of progesterone before AI have had variable effects on fertility in both Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle. The aim of this study was to determine if fertility and concentrations of progesterone after AI were affected in Bos indicus females when pre-ovulatory follicles develop in the absence or presence of a corpus luteum (CL). Between 6.5-7.5 days after a synchronised oestrus, all follicles ≥4 mm in diameter were aspirated (Day 0) and cloprostenol was administered on Days 0 and 1 (LP4, n = 36) or on Days 4 and 5 (HP4, n = 40). Animals were inseminated on detection of oestrus until Day 9. Breeding continued using natural mating between Days 9 and 19, AI on detection of oestrus between Day 19 and 29 and natural mating between Days 29-90. Mean concentrations of progesterone were less on Days 2-4 in the LP4 compared to the HP4-treated animals but similar on Days 14 and 20. In the LP4- compared to the HP4-treated animals, the odds of being detected in oestrus and ovulating close to the first AI were similar, but odds of pregnancy to first AI (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.52) and after 1, 4 and 13 weeks of breeding were less (P ≤ 0.051). Absence of a CL and relatively lesser concentrations of progesterone during emergence of pre-ovulatory follicles resulted in lesser pregnancy rates to AI in Bos indicus cattle but did not affect concentrations of P4 after ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cavalieri
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Qld 4811, Australia.
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24
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Comparison between the 5-day cosynch and 7-day estradiol-based protocols for synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination in suckled BOS taurus BEEF cows. Theriogenology 2019; 131:72-78. [PMID: 30947077 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to compare pregnancy per AI and follicular dynamic in suckled Bos taurus beef cows treated with either a 7-day progesterone + estradiol-based protocol or a 5-day progesterone CoSynch protocol for timed artificial insemination (TAI) during four breeding seasons. We hypothesized that estrous cycle status, days postpartum (DPP), fat depth and plasma progesterone concentration differentially modify the effect of treatments. Every year, 9 days before initiation of each breeding season, cows were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Cows in the 7-d P + E group (n = 428) received a progesterone intravaginal device (DIB) and estradiol benzoate on Day -9. On Day -2 the device was removed, and cows received cloprostenol and estradiol cypionate. Forty-eight hours later (Day 0) cows received TAI. Cows in the 5-d P + CoS group (n = 428) received a DIB, and GnRH on Day -8. On Day -3, the device was removed, and cows received cloprostenol. A second dose of cloprostenol was given on Day -2. Cows received GnRH and TAI 72 h after device removal (Day 0). On Day -9, estrous cycle status was determined. In a subset of cows (n = 79) the size of the dominant follicle was determined between Days -2 and 0. In another subset of cows (n = 340), DPP, fat depth (mm) and plasma progesterone concentration (ng/mL) were evaluated on Day -9. Pregnancy per AI was determined 30 d after TAI. Pregnancy per AI was greater for cows in the 5-d P + CoS group than for cows in the 7-d P + E group (50.9% vs. 41.3%, P = 0.01) and was also greater in cyclic than in anestrus cows (54.3% vs. 33.2%, P < 0.0001). There was also a significant effect of breeding season (P = 0.0002) and sire (P = 0.03), and an interaction between treatment group and breeding season (P = 0.03). The dominant follicle was larger (P < 0.0001) in cows in the 5-d P + CoS group than the 7-d P + E group (10.7 ± 0.29 mm vs. 9.0 ± 0.28 mm). Pregnancy per AI was greater in cows with ≥55 DPP (47.0% vs. 29.6%, P = 0.001), fat depth ≥0.50 mm (44.7% vs. 29.7%), and with plasma progesterone concentration ≥1 ng/mL (47.2% vs. 28.7%, P = 0.01). In cows with plasma progesterone ≥1 ng/mL on Day -9, pregnancy per AI was greater in the 5-d P + CoS group (60.5%) than in the 7-d P + E group (34.9%), but there was no difference between treatment groups in cows with plasma progesterone < 1 ng/mL (P = 0.07). In conclusion, the 5-d P + CoS protocol resulted in greater size of the dominant follicle and pregnancy per AI in suckled Bos taurus beef cows subjected to TAI.
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Does low-level laser therapy on degenerated ovine testes improve post-thawed sperm characteristics? Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:1001-1009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Optimizing timed AI protocols for Angus beef heifers: Comparison of induction of synchronized ovulation with estradiol cypionate or GnRH. Theriogenology 2018; 121:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Nishimura TK, Martins T, da Silva MI, Lafuente BS, de Garla Maio JR, Binelli M, Pugliesi G, Saran Netto A. Importance of body condition score and ovarian activity on determining the fertility in beef cows supplemented with long-acting progesterone after timed-AI. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 198:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Samir H, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G. The stimulatory effect of subluteal progesterone environment on the superovulatory response of passive immunization against inhibin in goats. Theriogenology 2018; 121:188-195. [PMID: 30172130 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of subluteal progesterone environment on the efficacy of the ovarian responses in goats passively immunized against endogenous inhibin. Twelve cycling female Shiba goats were synchronized using two doses of prostaglandin F2α 11 days apart. After detection of ovulation (D0, by ultrasonography), goats were randomly assigned into 2 groups: (1) Subluteal P4 group (SLP; n = 6), treated with a previously once-used controlled intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (ou-CIDR) intravaginal from D 6 to D 12 concurrently with a luteolytic dose of PGF2α at D6 (2) Normal Luteal P4 group (NLP; n = 6), had neither ou-CIDR nor PGF2α. In both groups, goats were treated with an intravenous injection of 10 ml of inhibin antiserum at D10. After that, another luteolytic dose of PGF2α was administrated to goats in both groups at D12, and withdrawal of ou-CIDR in the SLP group. Detection of estrous behavior was checked again 24 h following PGF2α administration and or ou-CIDR withdrawal at 8 h intervals with a teaser buck. The follicle populations ≥4 mm in each goat were monitored through transrectal ultrasonography daily from 1 day after inhibin antiserum administration (0 h) and continued until ovulation had been detected (disappearance of large dominant follicles by ultrasonography). In addition, a repeated ultrasonographic scanning was performed 7 days after ovulation, and the ovulation rate had been estimated by counting the number of observed corpora lutea by ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected for measurement of plasma circulating inhibin binding activity, FSH, LH, estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) in both groups. Results revealed significant increases in maximum diameter of the preovulatory follicles (5.92 ± 0.17 mm vs 5.31 ± 0.26 mm; P < 0.05), and the mean maximum number of follicles ≥ 4 mm in diameter (18.45 ± 3.40 vs 12.15 ± 6.21; P < 0.05) in the SLP group compared with that of the NPL group. No significant differences were observed between both groups in term of inhibin binding activity %, and FSH. Following immunization, significant increases in the concentrations of circulating LH (at 72 h) and E2 (from 48 to 84 h) were noted in the SLP group as compared with the values obtained from the goats in the NLP group. Moreover, significant increases in ovulation rate (13.85 ± 1.40 vs 5.67 ± 2.10; P < 0.01) and subsequent P4 concentrations (from 192 to 288 h) were found in the SLP group as against those of the NLP group. In conclusion, maintaining a subluteal P4 environment concurrently with passive immunization against endogenous inhibin may improve the superovulatory response in female Shiba goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haney Samir
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Abreu F, Geary T, Coutinho da Silva M, Cruppe L, Mussard M, Madsen C, Martins T, Bridges G, Harstine B, Day M. Role of progesterone concentrations during early follicular development in beef cattle: II. Ovulatory follicle growth and pregnancy rates. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 196:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Rodrigues AS, Silva MA, Brandão TO, Nascimento AB, Bittencourt RF, Chalhoub M, Bittencourt TC, Ribeiro Filho ADL. Eficácia da associação dupla dose PGF2 alfa-eCG no proestro de vacas leiteiras mestiças submetidas à IATF. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de uma ou duas doses de prostaglandina F2α (PGF2α) associada ou não a gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) sobre a dinâmica folicular, a função luteal pré-ovulatória, assim como as características morfofuncionais pós-ovulatórias do corpo lúteo (CL) em fêmeas mestiças cíclicas submetidas a um protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). Para tanto, 29 vacas 3/4 Gir x Holandês multíparas foram submetidas ao exame de ultrassonografia (US) transretal e após a detecção do CL iniciou-se um protocolo de IATF em um dia denominado zero (D0), por meio da inserção do implante de progesterona (P4) associado à aplicação de 2,0mg de benzoato de estradiol. No D7 esses animais receberam 12,5mg de dinoprost trometamina. No D9 realizou a remoção dos dispositivos de P4 e aplicou 0,6mg de cipionato de estradiol. Nesse momento, as fêmeas foram subdivididas nos seguintes tratamentos: Grupo Controle (n=7), foi administrado 2,5mL de solução fisiológica; Grupo 2PGF (n=7), aplicou 12,5mg de dinoprost trometamina; Grupo eCG (n=7), administrou-se 300UI de eCG; Grupo 2PGF+eCG (n=8), realizou a aplicação de 300UI de eCG e 12,5mg de dinoprost trometamina. Para avaliar a dinâmica folicular foram realizados exames de US em modo B e power doppler (Mindray Z5, Shenzhen, China) a cada 12h do D7 até o momento da ovulação ou 96h após a remoção dos implantes de P4, mensurando-se o diâmetro folicular (DFOL), a área da parede folicular (AFOL) e a área de perfusão sanguínea da parede folicular (VFOL). Concomitante a cada exame, foram coletadas amostras de sangue sendo determinada a concentração sérica de P4 pré-ovulatória por meio da metodologia de quimioluminescência. No D24 foi realizada a US modo B e doppler analisando-se o diâmetro luteal (DCL), área luteal (ACL) e área de perfusão sanguínea do CL (VCL), assim como, foi coletada amostra de sangue para averiguar a concentração sérica de P4 pós-ovulatória. Os dados foram avaliados pelo Two-way ANOVA e análise de medidas repetidas considerando os efeitos do eCG, 2PGF e interação eCG*2PGF, P<0,05. Não houve diferença significativa entre os protocolos de sincronização para as variáveis DFOL, AFOL e VFOL ao longo do tempo da dinâmica folicular. Os grupos experimentais apresentaram uma concentração sérica de P4 pré-ovulatória semelhante em cada momento da avaliação. Não foi observada distinção da ACL e VCL entre os tratamentos hormonais, contudo o Grupo eCG demonstrou tendência (P=0,08) a apresentar maior DCL em relação ao Grupo 2PGF e 2PGF+eCG. Adicionalmente a estes achados, também foi constatado tendência (P=0,07) a maiores concentrações de progesterona no dia 24 do protocolo nos animais do Grupo eCG (11,00±3,32ng/mL) em relação ao Grupo 2PGF (6,37±1,31ng/mL), enquanto o Controle e 2PGF+eCG demonstraram resultados intermediários que se assemelham a ambos os grupos, com concentrações de 8,43±3,85 e 9,18±2,82ng/mL, respectivamente. As tentativas de ajustes no proestro foram incapazes de melhorar a qualidade folicular e minimizar a função luteal pré-ovulatória, assim como não incrementaram a morfologia do CL e a função luteal pós-ovulatória, sugerindo que em animais cíclicos mestiços protocolos de IATF com a utilização de uma única dose PGF2α e sem o suporte gonadotrófico da eCG parece promover adequada resposta folicular e luteal.
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Pregnancy rate in water buffalo following fixed-time artificial insemination using new or used intravaginal devices with two progesterone concentrations. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:629-634. [PMID: 29274053 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the pregnancy rate (PR) after timed artificial insemination (TAI) in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) during both non-breeding and breeding season, using either a new or reused intravaginal device (IVD) with two different progesterone concentrations. A total of 247 dairy buffalo cows were randomly assigned using a two-by-three factorial design and four replicates to the following groups: (1) new intravaginal device (IVD-New: DIB®, 1.0 g of P4, n = 51 or CIDR®, 1.38 g of P4, n = 55); (2) intravaginal device previously used once (9 days) (IVD-Used1x: DIB, n = 40 or CIDR, n = 51); or (3) intravaginal device previously used twice (18 days) (IVD-Used2x: DIB, n = 27 or CIDR, n = 23). On day 0, animals received the IVD plus 10.5 μg of buserelin acetate (GnRH) intramuscularly. On day 9, the devices were removed and 25 mg of PGF2α plus 500 IU of eCG was given intramuscularly. On day 11 (48 h after IVD withdrawal), animals received 10.5 μg of GnRH and were artificially inseminated 8-12 h later. Data were analyzed using Proc Logistic of SAS®. Animals that received IVD-New-DIB, had a significantly higher PR (62.7%; P = 0.0193) compared to animals that received IVD-New-CIDR (40%). Pregnancy rate was not negatively affected by reusing both types of IVD. Overall PR (new and reused devices) was higher (P = 0.0055) in the DIB group (62.7%) compared to the CIDR group (45%). In conclusion, PR was higher in buffaloes treated with devices containing 1.0 g of P4 (DIB®) compared to those receiving 1.38 g of P4 (CIDR®). Reusing the intravaginal devices did not affect negatively PR/TAI, suggesting that P4 concentrations within the TAI protocols in water buffaloes could be reduced, without impairing their fertility.
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Effect of serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity on follicular development and pregnancy rate in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 188:130-136. [PMID: 29175178 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity has been associated with improvement in ovarian function in early postpartum dairy cows and improved in vitro embryo development. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential association among PON1 activity and follicular growth, diameter of the preovulatory follicle and pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI) service in cattle. In Experiment 1, cows (n=33) were subjected to an estradiol-progesterone based protocol to control time of ovulation. Starting on Day 8 of the protocol, follicular growth and serum PON1 activity were monitored. Cows were separated according to the occurrence of ovulation into two groups: Ovulatory (Ov; n=22) and Anovulatory (Anov; n=11). The serum activity of PON1 was not different between Ov and Anov cows (P=0.94). In addition, using a regression model there was no effect of serum PON1 activity on the diameter of dominant follicle (r2=0.00; P=0.99). In Experiment 2, cows (n=193) were submitted to the same hormonal protocol as in Experiment 1. On the day of the timed artificial insemination (TAI), the diameter of dominant follicle was evaluated and blood samples were collected for analysis of PON1 activity. According to the serum PON1 activity, cows were divided into three groups: Low (<70U/mL), Medium (70-90U/mL) or High (>90U/mL) PON1 activity. The overall pregnancy rate was 62.7% (121/193), with no difference among PON1 activity groups. Additionally, using a regression model there was no effect of serum PON1 activity on the diameter of the preovulatory follicle (r2=0.03; P=0.65) and pregnancy rate (r2=0.005; P=0.94). The results of this study indicate that there is no effect of serum PON1 activity on the diameter of preovulatory follicle or establishment of pregnancy in cows submitted to time of ovulation synchronization protocols.
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Montes-Quiroz GL, Sánchez-Dávila F, Grizelj J, Bernal-Barragán H, Vazquez-Armijo JF, Bosque-González ASD, Luna-Palomera C, González Gómez A, Ledezma-Torres RA. The reinsertion of controlled internal drug release devices in goats does not increase the pregnancy rate after short oestrus synchronization protocol at the beginning of the breeding season. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1386109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juraj Grizelj
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hugo Bernal-Barragán
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Laboratorio de Nutrición y calidad de los alimentos, Campus de ciencias agropecuarias, General Escobedo, México
| | | | | | - Carlos Luna-Palomera
- División de Ciencias Agropecuarias 86280, Universidad Autónoma de Juárez de Tabasco, Villahermosa, México
| | - Adán González Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
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Pfeifer LF, Castro NA, Neves PM, Cestaro JP, Siqueira LG. Development and validation of an objective method for the assessment of body condition scores and selection of beef cows for timed artificial insemination. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ovulation synchronization with estradiol benzoate or GnRH in a timed artificial insemination protocol in buffalo cows and heifers during the nonbreeding season. Theriogenology 2017; 87:333-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Incorporation of estradiol benzoate to CIDR protocol improves the reproductive responses in crossbred dairy heifers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 49:347-351. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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El-Tarabany MS, El-Tarabany AA, Roushdy EM. Impact of parity on the efficiency of ovulation synchronization protocols in Holstein cows. Theriogenology 2016; 86:2230-2237. [PMID: 27561980 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of parity on the efficiency of three different protocols to synchronize time of ovulation in Holstein cows. All cows enrolled in this trial were categorized into primiparous and multiparous (M1 = 2-3 and M2 ≥3 parities). Conception (P/AI at Day 28) and pregnancy (P/AI at Day 75) rates in the Presynch and CIDRsynch (31.7% and 35.5%; 26.3% and 28.4%, respectively) groups were significantly greater than that in spontaneous estrus (SE; 24.7 and 20.4%, respectively) group (P = 0.048 and 0.024; 0.041 and 0.011, respectively); however, no significant differences were detected between the SE and Ovsynch group for conception, pregnancy, and embryonic loss rates. Conception and pregnancy rates in the Presynch group decreased from 37.8% and 33.5%, respectively in primiparous cows to 29.6% and 23.1%, respectively in M1 cows (P = 0.022 and 0.007, respectively). However, conception and pregnancy rates using the CIDRsynch regimen were increased from 31.1% and 23.8% in primiparous cows to 41.4% and 34.7% in M1 cows (P = 0.017 and 0.008, respectively), and 40.9% and 33.6% in M2 cows (P = 0.021 and 0.019, respectively). Embryonic loss rate using the CIDRsynch protocol was decreased from 22.9% in primiparous cows to 15.1% and 18.2% in M1 and M2 cows (P = 0.013 and 0.130, respectively). On the contrary, embryonic loss rate using the Ovsynch protocol was increased from 11.5% in primiparous cows to 22.1% and 21.8% in M1 and M2 cows (P = 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). The Cox proportional-hazards model of embryonic loss showed significant associations for parity and season of calving with the hazard of embryonic loss (P = 0.001 and 0.016, respectively). Multiparous cows (M1 and M2) had a higher risk of embryonic loss than primiparous cows (Hazard ratio = 1.32 and 1.89, respectively). Our results indicate that use of the CIDRsynch regimen may achieve satisfactory conception and pregnancy rates in multiparous Holstein cows. However, synchronizing time of ovulation in primiparous cows with use of the Presynch treatment increases the fertility indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S El-Tarabany
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Akram A El-Tarabany
- Biological Applications Department, Radioisotopes Applications Division, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elshimaa M Roushdy
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
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Scolari SC, Pugliesi G, Strefezzi RDF, Andrade SC, Coutinho LL, Binelli M. Dynamic remodeling of endometrial extracellular matrix regulates embryo receptivity in cattle. Reproduction 2016; 153:REP-16-0237. [PMID: 27754873 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate in the bovine endometrium whether (1) key genes involved in endometrial extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling are regulated by the endocrine peri-ovulatory milieu; and (2) specific endometrial ECM-related transcriptome can be linked to pregnancy outcome. In Experiment 1, pre-ovulatory follicle growth of cows was manipulated to obtain two groups with specific endocrine peri-ovulatory profiles: the Large Follicle-Large CL group (LF-LCL) served as a paradigm for greater receptivity and fertility and showed greater plasma pre-ovulatory estradiol and post-ovulatory progesterone concentrations when compared to the Small Follicle-Small CL group (SF-SCL). Endometrium was collected on days 4 and 7 of the estrous cycle. Histology revealed a greater abundance of total collagen content in SF-SCL on day 4 endometrium. In Experiment 2, cows were artificially inseminated and, six days later, endometrial biopsies were collected. Cows were retrospectively divided into pregnant and non-pregnant (P vs. NP) groups after diagnosis on day 30. In both experiments, expression of genes related to ECM remodeling in the endometrium was studied by RNAseq and qPCR. Gene ontology analysis showed an inhibition in the expression of ECM-related genes in the high receptivity groups (LF-LCL and P). Specifically, there was down-regulation of TGFB2, ADAMTS2, 5 and 14, TIMP3 and COL1A2, COL3A1, COL7A1 and COL3A3 in the LF-LCL and P groups. In summary, the overlapping set of genes differently expressed in both fertility models: (1) suggests that disregulation of ECM remodeling can impair receptivity and (2) can be used as markers to predict pregnancy outcome in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- G Pugliesi, Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Sónia Cristina Andrade
- S Andrade, Department of Animal Science, ESALQ-USP, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- L Coutinho, Department of Animal Science, ESALQ-USP, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Mario Binelli
- M Binelli, Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
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El-Tarabany MS. The efficiency of new CIDR and once-used CIDR to synchronize ovulation in primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 173:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stevenson J, Lamb G. Contrasting effects of progesterone on fertility of dairy and beef cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5951-5964. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Proteomic analysis of preovulatory follicular fluid reveals differentially abundant proteins in less fertile dairy cows. J Proteomics 2016; 139:122-9. [PMID: 27003612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The follicular fluid (FF) proteome can provide an indication of follicular quality. High-yielding dairy cows suffer from low fertility, which could be related to follicular function. However, the proteome of preovulatory follicles has never been described in cows. Our objectives were to: 1) define the bovine preovulatory FF proteome, and 2) examine differentially abundant proteins in FF of controls (CTL, n=10) and less fertile cows (LFC; failed to conceive following ≥6 inseminations, n=8). Follicles ≥7mm in diameter were aspirated in vivo, and estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) were examined. The FF from 10 preovulatory follicles (E2/P4>1) was analyzed; E2 was higher and follicle diameter tended to be larger in LFC. As aspirations were conducted at a fixed time, this suggests accelerated follicular growth in LFC. The 219 identified and quantified proteins consisted mainly of binding proteins, proteases, receptor ligands, enzymes and transporters. Differential abundance of 8 relevant proteins was found in LFC compared to CTL: SERPINA1, TIMP2, ITIH1, HSPG2, C8A, COL1A2, F2, and IL1RAP. These proteins could influence follicular function-e.g., decreased SERPINA1 may be related to accelerated follicular growth-and therefore, further examination of their roles in the etiology of LFC is warranted. SIGNIFICANCE High yielding dairy cows suffer from infertility that leads to major economic losses worldwide. In Israel, about 30% of dairy cows fail to conceive following ≥4 inseminations. The etiology of this low fertility is multifactorial and remains a serious challenge. Follicular fluid proteome can provide indication to follicular quality, yet the proteome of pre-ovulatory follicles has not been described in cows. This work examined the differential abundance of proteins in less fertile dairy cows compared to controls, and found 8 relevant novel proteins that could influence follicular function. The role of these proteins in the etiology of less fertile cows should be further examined.
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Pugliesi G, Santos FB, Lopes E, Nogueira É, Maio JRG, Binelli M. Improved fertility in suckled beef cows ovulating large follicles or supplemented with long-acting progesterone after timed-AI. Theriogenology 2015; 85:1239-48. [PMID: 26764150 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effects and the interaction of size of the preovulatory follicle (POF) and long-acting progesterone (P4) supplementation after timed-AI on CL function and pregnancy success in beef cows. In experiment 1, ovulations of beef cows were synchronized starting on Day -10, and cows were split to receive sodium cloprostenol (large follicle group; LF; n = 31) or nothing (small follicle group; SF; n = 35). Ovulations were induced on Day 0, and cows were inseminated. Ovulated cows were assigned to receive placebo (LF/control group, n = 14; and SF/control group, n = 9) or 150 mg of long-acting P4 on Day 4.5 (LF/P4 group, n = 13; and SF/P4 group, n = 12). Diameter of POF, blood flow in POF wall, ovulation rate, and size and vascularization of CL were greater (P < 0.05) in LF group. In experiments 2 (unknown cyclic status) and 4 (noncycling), ovulations were synchronized, and beef cows received placebo or 150 mg of long-acting P4 on Day 4 after timed-artificial insemination. In experiment 2, pregnancy/AI (P/AI) did not differ (P > 0.1) between P4-treated (53.2%; 209/393) and control cows (56.2%; 219/390), but P/AI was greater in cows with a CL < 0.9 cm(2) on Day 4 that were P4-treated (57.9%, 22/38) versus placebo-treated (40.4%, 21/52; P < 0.05). In Experiment 4, P/AI was greater (P < 0.05) in P4-treated cows (55.6%, 105/189 vs. 46.0%, 86/187). In Experiment 3, cyclic-suckled beef cows were treated as described in Experiment 1 to generate animals with small (SF; n = 111) or large POF (LF; n = 109), and subdivided to receive placebo or P4 on Day 4. POF size, ovulation rate, CL area, and P/AI were greater (P < 0.007) in the LF group. Pregnancy/AI in ovulated cows were lower (P = 0.05) in the SF/control group (41.5%, 17/41) compared to LF/control group (62%, 31/50) and were similar for the SF/P4 group (55.6%, 25/45) and LF/P4 group (57%, 28/49) compared to others. In summary, smaller and less vascularized POF results in less functional CL and reduces ovulatory rate and P/AI in cyclic beef cows; the long-acting P4 injection on Day 4 after timed-artificial insemination may attenuate the negative effects of small POF/CL; and postovulatory P4 supplementation improved fertility in anestrous beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - F B Santos
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Lopes
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - É Nogueira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Pantanal-CPAP, Corumbá, Mississippi, Brazil
| | - J R G Maio
- Ouro Fino Saúde Animal, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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Impact of progesterone and estradiol treatment before the onset of the breeding period on reproductive performance of Bos indicus beef heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 160:30-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dirandeh E, Roodbari A, Gholizadeh M, Deldar H, Masoumi R, Kazemifard M, Colazo M. Administration of prostaglandin F2α 14 d before initiating a G6G or a G7G timed artificial insemination protocol increased circulating progesterone prior to artificial insemination and reduced pregnancy loss in multiparous Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:5414-21. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mesquita FS, Ramos RS, Pugliesi G, Andrade SCS, Van Hoeck V, Langbeen A, Oliveira ML, Gonella-Diaza AM, Gasparin G, Fukumasu H, Pulz LH, Membrive CM, Coutinho LL, Binelli M. The Receptive Endometrial Transcriptomic Signature Indicates an Earlier Shift from Proliferation to Metabolism at Early Diestrus in the Cow. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:52. [PMID: 26178716 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.129031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the endometrial transcriptome and functional pathways overrepresented in the endometrium of cows treated to ovulate larger (≥13 mm) versus smaller (≤12 mm) follicles. Nelore cows were presynchronized prior to receiving cloprostenol (large follicle [LF] group) or not (small follicle [SF] group), along with a progesterone (P4) device on Day (D) -10. Devices were withdrawn and cloprostenol administered 42-60 h (LF) or 30-36 h (SF) before GnRH agonist treatment (D0). Tissues were collected on D4 (experiment [Exp.] 1; n = 24) or D7 (Exp. 2; n = 60). Endometrial transcriptome was obtained by RNA-Seq, whereas proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Overall, LF cows developed larger follicles and corpora lutea, and produced greater amounts of estradiol (D-1, Exp. 1, SF: 0.7 ± 0.2; LF: 2.4 ± 0.2 pg/ml; D-1, Exp. 2, SF: 0.5 ± 0.1; LF: 2.3 ± 0.6 pg/ml) and P4 (D4, Exp. 1, SF: 0.8 ± 0.1; LF: 1.4 ± 0.2 ng/ml; D7, Exp. 2, SF: 2.5 ± 0.4; LF: 3.7 ± 0.4 ng/ml). Functional enrichment indicated that biosynthetic and metabolic processes were enriched in LF endometrium, whereas SF endometrium transcriptome was biased toward cell proliferation. Data also suggested reorganization of the extracellular matrix toward a proliferation-permissive phenotype in SF endometrium. LF endometrium showed an earlier onset of proliferative activity, whereas SF endometrium expressed a delayed increase in glandular epithelium proliferation. In conclusion, the periovulatory endocrine milieu regulates bovine endometrial transcriptome and seems to determine the transition from a proliferation-permissive to a biosynthetic and metabolically active endometrial phenotype, which may be associated with the preparation of an optimally receptive uterine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Mesquita
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R S Ramos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Pugliesi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S C S Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Zootecnia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Van Hoeck
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Langbeen
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - M L Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A M Gonella-Diaza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Gasparin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Zootecnia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Fukumasu
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L H Pulz
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C M Membrive
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus Experimental de Dracena, Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L L Coutinho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Zootecnia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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Monteiro BM, de Souza DC, Vasconcellos GSFM, Corrêa TB, Vecchio D, de Sá Filho MF, de Carvalho NAT, Baruselli PS. Ovarian responses of dairy buffalo cows to timed artificial insemination protocol, using new or used progesterone devices, during the breeding season (autumn-winter). Anim Sci J 2015; 87:13-20. [PMID: 26032478 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of new or used P4 devices on the ovarian responses of dairy buffalo that were administered an estradiol (E2) plus progesterone (P4)-based timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol during the breeding season. On the first day of the TAI protocol, 142 cows were randomly assigned to receive one of the following: a new device (New; 1.0 g of P4; n = 48); a device that had previously been used for 9 days (Used1x, n = 47); or a device that had previously been used for 18 days (Used2x, n = 47). Ultrasound was used to evaluate the following: the presence of a corpus luteum (CL); the diameter of the dominant follicle (ØDF) during protocol; ovulatory response; and pregnancies per AI (P/AI). Despite similar responses among the treatments, there was a significant positive association of the ØDF during TAI protocol with ovulatory responses and number of pregnancies. In conclusion, satisfactory ovarian responses and a satisfactory pregnancy rate were achieved when grazing dairy buffalo were subjected to the TAI protocol in breeding season, independent of whether a new or used P4 device was used. Furthermore, the presence of the larger follicle was associated with a higher ovulation rate and higher P/AI following TAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moura Monteiro
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Cavalcante de Souza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Rural Development Office, Registro, Brazil
| | | | - Thalita Bueno Corrêa
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Domenico Vecchio
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions, Salerno, Italy
| | - Manoel Francisco de Sá Filho
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ramos RS, Oliveira ML, Izaguirry AP, Vargas LM, Soares MB, Mesquita FS, Santos FW, Binelli M. The periovulatory endocrine milieu affects the uterine redox environment in beef cows. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:39. [PMID: 25957795 PMCID: PMC4436708 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cattle, recent studies have shown positive associations between pre-ovulatory concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) at early diestrus and fertility. However, information on cellular and molecular mechanisms through which sex steroids regulate uterine function to support early pregnancy is lacking. Based on endometrial transcriptome data, objective was to compare function of the redox system in the bovine uterus in response to different periovulatory endocrine milieus. METHODS We employed an animal model to control growth of the pre-ovulatory follicle and subsequent corpus luteum (CL). The large follicle-large CL group (LF-LCL, N=42) presented greater levels of E2 on the day of GnRH treatment (D0; 2.94 vs. 1.27 pg/mL; P=0.0007) and P4 at slaughter on D7 (3.71 vs. 2.62 ng/mL, P=0.01), compared with the small follicle-small CL group (SF-SCL, N=41). Endometrium and uterine washings (N=9, per group) were collected for analyses of variables associated with the uterine redox system. RESULTS The SF-SCL group had lower endometrial catalase (0.5 vs. 0.79 U/mg protein, P<0.001) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx; 2.0 vs. 2.43 nmol β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced/min/mg protein, P=0.04) activity, as well as higher lipid peroxidation (28.5 vs. 17.43 nmol malondialdehyde/mg of protein, P<0.001) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (44.77 vs. 37.76 U; P=0.04). There were no differences in the endometrial reactive species (RS) or glutathione (GSH) concentrations between the groups. The uterine washing samples showed no differences in the concentrations of RS or GSH or in total SOD activity (P>0.1). Additionally, catalase, GPx4, SOD1 and SOD2 gene expression was lower in the SF-SCL group than in the LF-LCL group. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the intrauterine environment of cows from the LF-LCL group exhibited higher antioxidant activity than that of the cows from the SF-SCL group. We speculate that uterine receptivity and fertility are associated with an optimal redox environment, such as that present in the animals in the LF-LCL group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roney S Ramos
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Milena L Oliveira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Aryele P Izaguirry
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechnology (Biotech), Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil.
| | - Laura M Vargas
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechnology (Biotech), Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil.
| | - Melina B Soares
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechnology (Biotech), Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil.
| | - Fernando S Mesquita
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil.
| | - Francielli W Santos
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechnology (Biotech), Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil.
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.
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Sales J, Carvalho J, Crepaldi G, Soares J, Girotto R, Maio J, Souza J, Baruselli P. Effect of circulating progesterone concentration during synchronization for fixed-time artificial insemination on ovulation and fertility in Bos indicus (Nelore) beef cows. Theriogenology 2015; 83:1093-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Sood P, Zachut M, Dube H, Moallem U. Behavioral and hormonal pattern of repeat breeder cows around estrus. Reproduction 2015; 149:545-54. [PMID: 25731187 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Repeat breeder (RB) cows were compared with normal (CTRL) ones with respect to behavioral estrus intensity, endocrine patterns and concentrations of plasma estradiol, progesterone and LH around estrus, and ovulation timing. A total of 27 and 31 cycles in 12 RB and 18 CTRL cows, respectively, were synchronized by means of the Ovsynch protocol followed by a single PG injection after 7 days. Behavioral estrus and ovulation were observed in 81.5 and 83.8% of the synchronized cycles in the RB and CTRL cows respectively. The RB and CTRL groups had similar estrus durations of 21.4 and 19.6 h respectively, but estrus was more intense in the RB, as indicated by numerically higher overall activity indexes and higher peak neck activity. The interval from PG injection to estrus onset (considered as proestrus) was 8.2 h shorter in RB than in CTRL cows, at 47.9 and 56.1 h respectively (P<0.007), but the average preovulatory follicle size was similar. The estradiol concentration at peak was numerically higher (21%) and the AUC tended to be higher in the RB cows than in the CTRL cows. LH secretion during the period from 18 to 3 h before the LH peak was also lower in RB than in CTRL cows: 2.5 and 4.6 ng/ml respectively (P<0.01). In conclusion, the behavioral estrus was more intense in the RB cows; nevertheless, short proestrus and subdued LH concentrations before the LH peak, which could impair oocyte competence and development, were first reported in RB cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sood
- Department of Ruminant ScienceInstitute of Animal Sciences, The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, IsraelDepartment of Veterinary Gynecology and ObstetricsDGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 062, India Department of Ruminant ScienceInstitute of Animal Sciences, The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, IsraelDepartment of Veterinary Gynecology and ObstetricsDGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 062, India
| | - M Zachut
- Department of Ruminant ScienceInstitute of Animal Sciences, The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, IsraelDepartment of Veterinary Gynecology and ObstetricsDGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 062, India
| | - H Dube
- Department of Ruminant ScienceInstitute of Animal Sciences, The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, IsraelDepartment of Veterinary Gynecology and ObstetricsDGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 062, India
| | - U Moallem
- Department of Ruminant ScienceInstitute of Animal Sciences, The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, IsraelDepartment of Veterinary Gynecology and ObstetricsDGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 062, India
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50
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Dias FCF, Khan MIR, Adams GP, Sirard MA, Singh J. Granulosa cell function and oocyte competence: Super-follicles, super-moms and super-stimulation in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 149:80-9. [PMID: 25107564 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The review presents an overview of studies that examined the effects of follicular aging and maternal aging in the bovine model. The first of three main sections is a discussion of the developmental competence of oocytes from (1) the ovulatory follicle of 2-wave and 3-wave estrous cycles, (2) dominant follicles that develop under high or low LH pulse frequency, and (3) natural versus FSH-stimulated ovulatory follicles. The second section highlights the effects of maternal aging. Maternal aging in cattle is associated with (1) elevated circulating FSH concentrations, (2) reduced response to superstimulatory treatment, and (3) markedly decreased early embryonic development in cows >12 year of age. The third and final section on superstimulation protocols addresses the effects of the duration of FSH stimulation and withdrawal (i.e., FSH "starvation" or "coasting") on oocyte competence. Ovarian superstimulation for 4 days altered the expression of genes related to angiogenesis, and activated oxidative stress-response genes. Extending the duration of FSH stimulation from 4 to 7 days resulted in a greater and more synchronous ovulatory response and optimal oocyte maturation. The highest rates of blastocyst development in vitro were obtained when FSH support was discontinued for 44 to 68h and granulosa cell SMAD7 mRNA was predictive of this period. Longer periods of FSH starvation resulted in a loss of oocyte competence or ovulatory capability. By extending the bovine model to the transcriptome level, new approaches and treatments may be devised to resolve subfertility in women and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C F Dias
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - M I R Khan
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - G P Adams
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - M A Sirard
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, INAF, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - J Singh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4.
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