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Wijayanti D, Bai Y, Hanif Q, Chen H, Zhu H, Qu L, Guo Z, Lan X. Goat CLSTN2 gene: tissue expression profile, genetic variation, and its associations with litter size. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2674-2683. [PMID: 35980330 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Calsyntenin-2 (CLSTN2) is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, cell death, tumorigenesis, and follicular expression. Although CLSTN2 has been identified as a potential candidate gene for sheep prolificacy, no studies have been done on its effect on goat prolificacy. The purpose of this study was to identify mRNA expression and genetic variation within goat CLSTN2, and its association with prolificacy. Herein, we uncovered significant differences in mRNA levels of the CLSTN2 gene in different tissues in female goats (p < 0.01), including ovary tissue. Nine putative indels were designed to investigate their correlation to litter size, but only one 16-bp deletion was discovered in female Shaanbei white cashmere goats (n = 902). We discovered that a 16-bp deletion within the CLSTN2 gene was significantly correlated with first-born litter size (p = 0.0001). As shown by the chi-squared test, the genotypic II of single-lambs and multi-lambs was dramatically higher than with genotype ID (p = 0.005). Our findings suggest that indel within the CLSTN2 gene is a candidate gene affecting prolificacy in goats and may be used for Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Wijayanti
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Animal Science, Perjuangan University of Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia
| | - Yangyang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Quratulain Hanif
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haijing Zhu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, PR China and Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lei Qu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, PR China and Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhengang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science of Bijie City, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Abstract
CLINICAL CHALLENGES It is not easy for a veterinarian to determine the cause of infertility in a queen. The simplest method is to start by investigating the most common causes and then progress by successive elimination to the less common causes. For example, mating problems are commonly responsible for reproductive failure, and owners should be particularly vigilant in checking that the mating is progressing satisfactorily. Frequently, a veterinarian may have to determine, among other things, if there is a uterine or hormonal disorder or if an infectious pathology may be involved. In the case of a queen that is not cycling, it is important to differentiate a lack of onset of puberty in a young queen from a lack of cyclicity in an adult queen. AIM This review sets out a practical, step-by-step approach that veterinarians can follow, starting with the most common causes of infertility in queens and moving towards more rare or specific causes. EQUIPMENT AND TECHNICAL SKILLS Simple techniques such as vaginal smears are essential to determine if a queen that is ready to be mated is in full oestrus, if a queen is cycling or not and to diagnose inflammation of the genital tract. Veterinarians should be familiar with the peculiarities of the swabbing technique in cats, as well as the interpretation of feline vaginal cytology. Progesterone assays are useful on many occasions in the diagnosis pathway. A laboratory capable of performing karyotypes should ideally be available. Finally, it is important to be able to perform an ultrasound examination of the ovaries and uterus in a queen. EVIDENCE BASE Although it appears that infertility is a problem among purebred queens, there is a lack of knowledge in this area and too few published studies. Some causes of feline infertility remain poorly investigated.
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England GCW, Rijsselaere T, Campbell A, Moxon R, Freeman SL. Normal and abnormal response to sperm deposition in female dogs: A review and new hypotheses for endometritis. Theriogenology 2020; 159:176-183. [PMID: 33160112 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian species there are significant physiological responses of the female reproductive tract to the deposition of sperm. These are particularly notable in species where sperm are deposited directly into the uterus, and function both to facilitate sperm transport to the sperm reservoir, and to eliminate introduced contaminants. In the bitch, sperm are deposited into the vagina and are rapidly transported through the open cervix. Sperm are then distributed around the uterus by uterine contractions such that transportation to the tip of the uterine horns occurs within 1 min of the start of mating. The main sperm reservoir appears to be the distal part of the utero-tubal junction which forms a pre-uterine tube reservoir. Sperm remain attached here by their heads to uterine epithelium and remain viable. In non-capacitating conditions sperm slowly detach from this site and this seems important to replenish the uterine tube reservoir, where sperm may re-attach to the epithelium. Post-ovulatory signals trigger capacitation changes and subsequent hyperactivated motility that is associated with detachment of sperm from both reservoirs; thus facilitating fertilization. After mating, a physiological post-mating uterine inflammatory response occurs, evidenced by an influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, increased uterine contractions, an increased uterine artery blood flow and a decrease of the resistance index indicating a short-duration vasodilation. Disturbance of this tightly regulated system has the potential to impact fertility by a failure of elimination of the introduced contaminants (such that a clinically-significant post-breeding endometritis ensues) but also by impairing sperm transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C W England
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - T Rijsselaere
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Campbell
- Guide Dogs, National Breeding Centre, Bishops Tachbrook, Warwickshire, UK
| | - R Moxon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK; Guide Dogs, National Breeding Centre, Bishops Tachbrook, Warwickshire, UK
| | - S L Freeman
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
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Fontbonne A, Prochowska S, Niewiadomska Z. Infertility in purebred cats - A review of the potential causes. Theriogenology 2020; 158:339-345. [PMID: 33038819 PMCID: PMC7521919 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although purebred cat breeding is growing in popularity in European countries, most research and publications concern dog reproduction. Infertility in queens has been poorly studied. It may not come as a surprise as common domestic shorthair cats are well known for their excellent fertility. However, even in the latter, the infertility rate is around 20%. Only recently, published articles have analyzed the reproductive performances in different breeds, for example in UK, Sweden, France and Italy, and found similar figures. In cats, infertility may arise from many factors such as mismating, prolonged anestrus or silent heats, hormonal, nutritional, genetical or chromosomal causes. Also, infectious diseases, probably frequent in breeding facilities, include pathological agents that are well recognized as having a negative effect on pregnancy or other pathogens for which the involvement in fertility problems is unclear. However, analyzing the literature, it appears that the most prevalent causes of infertility in pedigree cats may well be, in females, uterine pathology (sub-clinical endometritis, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, or mucometra), and in males, teratospermia, which may be "permanent" and linked to reduced heterozygosity or "transient" in tomcats that present normal quantitative spermatogenic parameters. The influence of the breed is unknown. There is an urgent need to study the origin of infertility in purebred cats in order to improve the diagnosis and to develop treatments that may restore normal fertility in subfertile or infertile animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Fontbonne
- Unité de Médecine de L'Elevage et du Sport (UMES), École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Sylwia Prochowska
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Niewiadomska
- Unité de Médecine de L'Elevage et du Sport (UMES), École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Lyman CC, Hornberger KT, Hallman RM, Holyoak GR. Theriogenology Question of the Month. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:1267-1270. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.10.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Two-dimensional sonographic and Doppler changes in the uteri of bitches according to breed, estrus cycle phase, parity, and fertility. Theriogenology 2017; 95:171-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Stopa E, Babińska I, Zielonka Ł, Gajęcki M, Gajęcka M. Immunohistochemical evaluation of apoptosis and proliferation in the mucous membrane of selected uterine regions in pre-pubertal bitches exposed to low doses of zearalenone. Pol J Vet Sci 2016; 19:175-86. [PMID: 27096802 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. Those biologically active compounds occur naturally and they include zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin that contaminates plant material, including the ingredients used in the production of commercial dog food. The influence of monotonic, low-dose and long-term exposure to ZEN on pre-pubertal bitches has not been fully explored to date. This paper describes a 42-day experiment performed on clinically healthy female dogs aged approximately 70 days, with estimated body weight of 8 kg. The animals were randomly divided into two experimental groups (EI and EII) and a control group (C) of 10 animals each. Group EI received 50 μg ZEN/kg (of body weight) per os, group EII received 75 μg ZEN/kg BW per os, and the control group was administered placebo. The bitches were ovariohysterectomized at the end of the experiment (at around 112 days of age), and selected sections of the uterine wall were subjected to immunohistochemical analyses (TUNEL and PCNA). A shift towards higher apoptotic (AI) and proliferative index (PI) was observed, in particular in group EI. Higher AI and PI values were noted in the epithelium of all uterine regions analysed and in the uterine glands in the uterine horn proximal to the body of the uterus.
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Rijsselaere T, England GCW, Freeman SL, Maes D, Van Soom A. Current Knowledge on the Transport and Fate of Spermatozoa in the Reproductive Tract of the Bitch. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49 Suppl 2:2-7. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Rijsselaere
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - GCW England
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Leicestershire UK
| | - SL Freeman
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Leicestershire UK
| | - D Maes
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - A Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
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