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Koehler D, Ozga AK, Molwitz I, Shenas F, Keller S, Adam G, Yamamura J. Influencing factors on the time to CT in suspected pulmonary embolism: an explorative investigation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8741. [PMID: 38627583 PMCID: PMC11021441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism is a potentially fatal condition with increased mortality if anticoagulation is delayed. This study aimed to find influencing factors on the duration from requesting a computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography (CTPA) to performing a CTPA in suspected acute pulmonary embolism. In 1849 cases, automatically generated time data were extracted from the radiological information system. The impact of the distance to the scanner, case-related features (sector of patient care, triage), and workload (demand for CTs, performed CTs, available staff, hospital occupancy) were investigated retrospectively using multiple regression. The time to CTPA was shorter in cases from the emergency room (ER) than in inpatients and outpatients at distances below 160 m and 240 m, respectively. While requests from the ER were also performed faster than cases from regular wards (< 180 m), no difference was found between the ER and intensive care units. Compared to "not urgent" cases, the workflow was shorter in "urgent" (- 17%) and "life-threatening" (- 67%) situations. The process was prolonged with increasing demand (+ 5%/10 CTs). The presented analysis identified relevant in-hospital influences on the CTPA workflow, including the distance to the CT together with the sector of patient care, the case triage, and the demand for imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Koehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Ozga
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Molwitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Farzad Shenas
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Keller
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jin Yamamura
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Koehler D, Ozga AK, Molwitz I, Görich HM, Keller S, Mayer-Runge U, Adam G, Yamamura J. Time series analysis of the in-hospital diagnostic process in suspected pulmonary embolism evaluated by computed tomography: An explorative study. Eur J Radiol 2021; 140:109758. [PMID: 33984808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This retrospective study aims to analyze the distribution of demand and the duration of the diagnostic workup of suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) using computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). METHODS Time data from physical examination to report creation were identified for each CTPA in 2013 and 2018 at a tertiary hospital. Multivariable multinomial logistic and linear regression models were used to evaluate differences between 3 time intervals (I1: 6am-2pm, I2: 2pm-10pm, I3: 10pm-6am). A cosinor model was applied to analyze the amount of CTPA per hour. RESULTS The relative demand for CTPA from the emergency room was lower in l1 compared to l2 and l3 (I1/I2: odds ratio (OR) 0.84, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.78-0.91; I1/I3: OR 0.80, 95 % CI 0.72-0.89; peak 4:23 pm). Requests for in-patients displayed a tendency towards I1 (I1/2: OR 1.15, 95 % CI 1.06-1.24; l1/l3: OR 1.19, 95 % CI 1.07-1.33; peak 1:54 pm). The time from CTPA request to study was shorter in I3 compared to I1 and I2 in 2013 (I1/I3: ratio 5.23, 95 % CI 3.38-8.10; I2/I3: ratio 3.50, 95 % CI 2.24-5.45) and 2018 (I1/I3: ratio 2.27, 95 % CI 1.60-3.22; I2/I3: ratio 2.11, 95 % CI 1.50-2.97). This applied similarly to fatal cases (I1/I3: ratio 2.91, 95 % CI 1.78-4.75; I2/I3: ratio 2.45, 95 % CI1.52-3.95). CONCLUSIONS The temporal distribution of demand for CTPA depends on the sector of patient care and the processing time differs substantially during the day. Time series analysis can reveal such coherences and may help to optimize workflows in radiology departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Koehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Ozga
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Isabel Molwitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Hanna Maria Görich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Keller
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Mayer-Runge
- Emergency Room, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jin Yamamura
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Ozdemir M, Sonmez BM, Yilmaz F, Yilmaz A, Duyan M, Komut S. Is Bedside End-Tidal CO 2 Measurement a Screening Tool to Exclude Pulmonary Embolism in Emergency Department? J Clin Med Res 2019; 11:696-702. [PMID: 31636784 PMCID: PMC6785277 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is among the most difficult conditions to diagnose in emergency department. The majority of patients thought to have PE are tested positive for D-dimer and subsequently tested with advanced diagnostic modalities. Novel noninvasive tests capable of excluding PE may obviate the need for advanced imaging tests. We studied the role of combined clinical probability assessment and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) measurement for diagnosis of possible PE in emergency department. Methods We included 100 consecutive subjects suspected to have PE and a positive D-dimer test to study clinical probability of PE and ETCO2 levels. ETCO2 > 34 mm Hg was found to be the best cut-off point for diagnosing PE. PE was ultimately eliminated or diagnosed by spiral computed tomography (CT). Results Diagnostic performances of tests were as follows: ETCO2 and D-dimer had a sensitivity of 100% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% at the cut-off levels of 34 mm Hg and 500 ng/mL, respectively; Wells score had a sensitivity of 80% and NPV of 69.7% at a score of 4. Conclusions ETCO2 alone cannot reliably exclude PE. Combining it with clinical probability, however, reliably and correctly eliminates or diagnoses PE and prevents further testing to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Ozdemir
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul Esenyurt Necmi Kadioglu State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bedriye Muge Sonmez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Yilmaz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aykut Yilmaz
- Department of Cardiology, Siirt State Hospital, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Murat Duyan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Seval Komut
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Erol Olcok Education and Research Hospital, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
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Pourmand A, Robinson H, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Pines JM. Pulmonary Embolism Among Patients With Acute Exacerbation Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Implications For Emergency Medicine. J Emerg Med 2018; 55:339-346. [PMID: 29945817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Common in COPD are acute exacerbations (AE-COPD) that cause acute dyspnea, cough, and bronchospasm. Symptoms of AE-COPD mimic pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature to assess the prevalence of PE in patients admitted to the hospital with a clinical diagnosis of AE-COPD. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we queried PubMed and MEDLINE databases from 1990 to 2017. The search term "prevalence pulmonary embolism, COPD" was used, and Boolean operators were used to combine search terms. Data were extracted from each article, specifically the sample size, study setting, design, and the prevalence of PE. RESULTS A total of 5 articles were included that demonstrated a prevalence of PE among patients with a clinical diagnosis of AE-COPD that ranged from 3.3-29.1%. Sample sizes varied from 49-197 patients. Studies occurred in both emergency department and inpatient settings, including intensive care units. Among the studies that reported patient characteristics associated with PE in AE-COPD, both obesity and immobility were important. CONCLUSION Studies reporting the prevalence of PE during AE-COPD vary considerably in their methods and results. Because of the relatively high prevalence of PE during AE-COPD, it is important for providers to be aware of this linkage between the 2 conditions and to screen patients using clinical gestalt and validated screening tools until more emergency department data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pourmand
- Emergency Medicine Department, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Hannah Robinson
- Emergency Medicine Department, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Maryann Mazer-Amirshahi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jesse M Pines
- Emergency Medicine Department, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Health Policy and Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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van der Pol LM, Dronkers CEA, van der Hulle T, den Exter PL, Tromeur C, Heringhaus C, Mairuhu ATA, Huisman MV, van den Hout WB, Klok FA. The YEARS algorithm for suspected pulmonary embolism: shorter visit time and reduced costs at the emergency department. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:725-733. [PMID: 29431911 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Essentials The YEARS algorithm was designed to simplify the diagnostic workup of suspected pulmonary embolism. We compared emergency ward turnaround time of YEARS and the conventional algorithm. YEARS was associated with a significantly shorter emergency department visit time of ˜60 minutes. Treatment of pulmonary embolism was initiated 53 minutes earlier with the YEARS algorithm SUMMARY: Background Recently, the safety of the YEARS algorithm, designed to simplify the diagnostic work-up of pulmonary embolism (PE), was demonstrated. We hypothesize that by design, YEARS would be associated with a shorter diagnostic emergency department (ED) visit time due to simultaneous assessment of pre-test probability and D-dimer level and reduction in number of CT scans. Aim To investigate whether implementation of the YEARS diagnostic algorithm is associated with a shorter ED visit time compared with the conventional algorithm and to evaluate the associated cost savings. Methods We selected consecutive outpatients with suspected PE from our hospital included in the YEARS study and ADJUST-PE study. Different time-points of the diagnostic process were extracted from the to-the-minute accurate electronic patients' chart system of the ED. Further, the costs of the ED visits were estimated for both algorithms. Results All predefined diagnostic turnaround times were significantly shorter after implementation of YEARS: patients were discharged earlier from the ED; 54 min (95% CI, 37-70) for patients managed without computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and 60 min (95% CI, 44-76) for the complete study population. Importantly, patients diagnosed with PE by CTPA received the first dose of anticoagulants 53 min (95% CI, 22-82) faster than those managed according to the conventional algorithm. Total costs were reduced by on average €123 per visit. Conclusion YEARS was shown to be associated with a shorter ED visit time compared with the conventional diagnostic algorithm, leading to faster start of treatment in the case of confirmed PE and savings on ED resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M van der Pol
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - C E A Dronkers
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - T van der Hulle
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P L den Exter
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C Tromeur
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C Heringhaus
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A T A Mairuhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - M V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - W B van den Hout
- Department of Medical Decision Making and Quality of CareLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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