Establishment and characterization of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line in tissue culture and the nude mouse

Isolation and identification of bovine nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelial cells and establishment of cell models of acute infection by foot-and-mouth disease virus

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) commonly occurs via the respiratory tract, and bovine nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelial cells are the primary infection cells in cattle. The aim of the present study was to isolate and culture epithelial cells from the bovine nasopharyngeal mucosa in vitro using a mechanical separation method. The cells were expanded, established in continuous cell culture, and used for immunofluorescence cytochemistry and establishment of infection models. We detected pan-cytokeratin markers of bovine nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelial cells by immunofluorescence. Bovine nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelial cells were then infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serum type O. RT-PCR demonstrated the successful establishment of acute FMDV infection in the cell models. This infection model provides the basis for clarification of the interaction between FMDV and host bovine nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelial cells in vitro.

Establishment of a human primary pancreatic cancer mouse model to examine and investigate gemcitabine resistance

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal types of cancer and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is clinically used for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. However, many forms of pancreatic cancer have acquired resistance to gemcitabine. In order to prevent patients from suffering from the side effects of chemotherapy and to have the chance to receive more effective intervention, assessment of whether the patient pancreatic cancer cells are resistant to gemcitabine before clinical practice is crucial. Recently, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have been regarded as a practical approach for preclinical drug resistance test. In the present study, we harvested tumor specimens from 28 pancreatic cancer patients to establish PDX models. The tumor formation rate of the xenografts was 100%, several of which could be re-implanted in nude mice for more than 10 passages. Primary cells were further obtained from the PDX xenografts to determine their morphological features and evaluate their proliferation rate, migration capacity and angiopoietic ability. In addition, the sensitivities of the primary cells and PDX xenografts to gemcitabine were correlated with each other. When compared to the gemcitabine-sensitive cells, the gemcitabine-resistant cells had a higher level of MCF2L expression, suggesting that MCF2L plays an important role in gemcitabine resistance.

Establishment and genomic characterization of primary salivary duct carcinoma cell line

OBJECTIVES

To develop and characterize in vitro salivary duct carcinoma as a surrogate for functional studies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Cells were dispersed from tumor tissue fragments under sterile conditions in RPMI media. Disassociated cells were cultivated, immortalized with hTERT and propagated for more than 100 passages. Morphologic, linage, cytogenetic and genomic analyses were performed on different passages of cell line and primary tumor. Soft agar growth was performed.

RESULTS

Analysis of cytomorphologic features, growth characteristics and lineage specific markers expression confirmed the epithelial derivation and the neoplastic nature of the cell line. DNA STRs analysis showed identical match of both cell line and primary tumor. Cultivated cells expressed Androgen Receptor (AR), PTEN, and EFGR proteins and the AR-V7 isoform transcript. Comparative exome-sequencing identified common mutated genes in both cell line and primary tumor. In-vitro colony formation of late passages is established.

CONCLUSION

We report the development of the first human salivary duct carcinoma cell line (MDA-SDC-04) that retains critical biological and genomic features of the donor tumor.

Establishment and characterization of Caspian horse fibroblast cell bank in Iran

Caspian horse, a rare horse breed found in 1965 by Louise Firouz in northern Iran, is a small horse which is reported to be in danger of extinction in its original homeland. There seems to be a great need to prevent extinction of this valuable horse. In this study, 51 fibroblast cell lines from Caspian horse ear marginal tissue were successfully established by sampling 60 horses using primary explant technique. Cells were authenticated and growth curve was plotted. According to results obtained, population doubling time (PDT) was calculated 23 ± 0.5 h for all cell lines. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) revealed that cell lines had no cross-contamination with other species. Bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma contamination were checked using standard methods such as PCR, direct culture, and Hoechst staining. In addition to providing a valuable source for genomic, postgenomic, and somatic cloning researches, the established cell lines would preserve Caspian horse genetic resources. It will also create an accessible database for researchers.

Establishment and characterization of SUIT-58 pancreas cancer cell line and its subline S58-SF adapted to serum-free condition derived from metastatic liver tumor

A new pancreas cancer cell line, SUIT-58, was established from metastatic liver tumor. The cultured cells exhibited polygonal shape, and proliferated in a form of sheet-structure showing prominent nucleoli and frequent mitotic features. Chromosome count ranged from 54 to 73 with modal chromosome numbers 72 and 73. It was noteworthy that this cell line grew in the serum-free media and maintained in this condition for 30 passages (designated as S58-SF). Both SUIT-58 and S58-SF cell lines were successfully transplanted into nude mice, and their tumor doubling times in xenografts were calculated as 5.4 and 2.8 days, respectively. Histopathologically, the xenografts formed glandular structure that resembled the original tumor. In culture media, the doubling time of SUIT-58 and S58-SF cell lines was calculated as 32 and 35.7 h, respectively. Although the cellular arrangements of SUIT-58 and S58-SF cell lines are different to some extent, their subcellular structures under electron microscope were similar with a large number of lysosomes and distinct desmosomes at cell-cell adhesion sites. The present SUIT-58 and its derivative cell line S58-SF will be applicable for biological studies to develop a new clinical treatment of refractory pancreatic cancer.

Establishment and characterization of a fibroblast line from Simmental cattle

A fibroblast line (named SCF36) from ear marginal tissue of Simmental cattle was established successfully by direct culture of explants and cell cryopreservation techniques. Biological analysis showed that the population doubling time of the thawed cells was 42.8h. The average viability of the cells was 96.8% before freezing and 91.5% after thawing. Measurements of lactic dehydrogenase and malic dehydrogenase isoenzymes showed no cross-contamination of this cell line with other species. Karyotyping showed that the frequency of cells with chromosome number 2n=60 was more than 90%. Tests for bacteria, fungi, viruses and mycoplasmas were negative. The efficiencies of expression of enhanced green, yellow and red fluorescent protein genes (pEGFP-N(3), pEYFP-N(1) and pDsRed1-N(1)) were between 11.3% and 28.8% after transfection; fluorescence was well distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus except for some cryptomeric vesicles. This Simmental cattle fibroblast line not only contains the germline of this important cattle breed, which is preserved at the cellular level, but valuable material has also been provided for genomic, postgenomic and somatic cloning research. Moreover, the establishment of these methods may provide both technical and theoretical support for preserving the genetic resources of other livestock and poultry at the cellular level.

Establishment and characterization of 4 new human pancreatic cancer cell lines: evidences of different tumor phenotypes

OBJECTIVES

Pancreatic cancer still remains a challenge for its biological complexity and lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Establishing new pancreatic cancer cell lines is therefore of paramount importance to clarify its biology.

METHODS

We established and characterized 4 new pancreatic cancer cell lines (PP78, PP109, PP117, and PP161) according to their genetic (K-Ras, TP53, CDKN2A, and MADH4; DNA fingerprinting; karyotype), cytostructural (cytokeratins 7, 8, 18, and 19 vimentin, and ezrin), and functional profiles (doubling time; migration assay).

RESULTS

K-Ras, TP53, and CDKN2A gene alterations were detected in all 4 of them. Each cell line had a unique DNA profile revealed by DNA fingerprinting. A complex karyotype with numerous structural and numeric chromosomal abnormalities was present in each cell line. All 4 cell lines showed positivity for cytokeratins 7, 8, and 18. All but PP78 expressed cytokeratin 19, whereas vimentin was expressed only in PP117 and PP78 cells. A different ezrin cellular distribution was noticed in PP78 and PP117, being mostly located at membrane ruffles. This peculiar distribution was associated with the strongest migratory capability.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results seem to confirm the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma heterogeneity; in fact, the same genetic abnormalities (K-Ras, TP53, and CDKN2A) may have different effects on tumor biology depending on cellular differentiation.

Establishment and biological characteristics of Luxi cattle fibroblast bank

A fibroblast line from ear marginal tissue of Luxi cattle (LXCEM2/2) was successfully established by direct culturing of explants. Biological analysis showed that the population doubling time (PDT) for reviving cells was approximately 24h. Measurement of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and malic dehydrogenase (MDH) isoenzymes showed no cross-contamination among the cells. Karyotyping showed that the frequency of cells with chromosome number 2n=60 was 90.7-92.2%. Tests for bacteria, fungi, viruses and mycoplasma were negative. The efficiencies of expression of pEGFP-N3, pEYFP-N1 and pDsRed1-N1 were between 6.3% and 31.6% at 24h, 48h and 72h after transfer; at 24h, fluorescence was well distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus except for some cryptomeric vesicles. Every index of the Luxi cattle cell line meets the quality control standards of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Not only has the germline of this important cattle breed been preserved at the cell level, but also valuable material had been provided for genome, postgenome and somacloning research. Moreover, the establishment of this technical platform may provide both technical and theoretical support for storing the genetic resources of other animals and poultry at the cell level.