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Guidi L, Balsamo M, Ferraguti M, Todaro MA. Reproductive organs and spermatogenesis of the peculiar spermatozoa of the genus
Kryptodasys
(Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida), with an appraisal of the occurrence and origin of the tail‐less spermatozoa in Gastrotricha. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Guidi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Università di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’ Urbino Italy
| | - Maria Balsamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Università di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo’ Urbino Italy
| | - Marco Ferraguti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - M. Antonio Todaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita Università di Modena‐Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
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Protandrous Hermaphroditic Reproductive System in the Adult Phases of Mothocya renardi (Bleeker, 1857) (Cymothoidae: Isopoda: Crustacea) -Light and Electron Microscopy Study. Zool Stud 2020; 59:e61. [PMID: 34140978 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2020.59-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive system of Mothocya renardi (Bleeker, 1857), a protandrous hermaphroditic cymothoid that infects the belonid fish Strongylura leiura Bleeker, 1850, is characterized using light and electron microscopy. Three protandrous hermaphroditic adult phases are identified: male, transitional and female. Each phase includes a paired reproductive system, one on either side of the gut. Each consists of three lobed testes, followed by an ovary, then a vas deferens that opens into a penis on the same side. During the male phase, all testis lobes are filled with germ cells at various stages of spermatogenesis and spermeogenesis. Primary and secondary spermatogonial cells are confined to the peripheral side of the testis lobe. The ovary shows peripheral germarium and a large number of yolkless oocytes encircled by follicle cells. The oviduct emerged from the ovary mid laterally and its distal end was found to be sealed. The exceptionally elongated spermatozoon consists of a head and a long filamentous tail. The spermatozoa are found organized into characteristic bundles to form spermatophores, and these are also packed in the vas deferens during the male phase. During the transitional phase, on the other hand, testes appear to be withered, but the vas deferens contains spermatophores. The ovary shows yolky oocytes encircled by follicle cells. During the female phase, the testis lobes appear as thin, empty, and sac like, and the extremity of the vas deferens is closed. Ovaries contain yolky oocytes and more prominent oviducts than male and transitional phases. The present paper also discusses the pattern of correlation between 1) the ovarian and brood cycles and 2) the ovarian and molt cycles.
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Kottarathil HA, Kappalli S. Reproductive System in the Male Phase of a Parasitic Isopod (Crustacea) - Morphological, Histological and Ultrastructural Evidence for Sequential Protandrous Hermaphroditic Changes. Zool Stud 2019; 58:e4. [PMID: 31966305 PMCID: PMC6759916 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2019.58-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the protandric hermaphroditic changes in the reproductive system of the male-phased Norileca indica, a cymothoid that parasitizes the scombrid fish Rastrelliger kanagurta. Each part of N. indica's paired reproductive system lies on either side of the gut. This study considers the three successive size classes of the male phase - designated as M1, M2 and M3 - using light microscopy and ultrastructural methods. The testis comprises of three bulged sac-like lobes labelled t1, t2 and t3, all of which open into the ovary of their respective side. The vas deferens, which emerges as a posterior extension of the ovary, opens into the penis and the distal end of each oviduct leads to a sealed gonopore on their respective sides. Each testis lobe (t1/t2/t3) displays clusters of germ cells undergoing stage-specific differentiation. Spermatids undergoing sequential changes associated with spermiogenesis keep close proximity to somatic accessory cells. The characteristic histological changes associated with protandric hermaphroditism are visible in the ovaries of sequential size classes (M1, M2 and M3). In early M1, besides spermatophores, the ovary has abundant polymorphic nuclei; in the mid/late M1, the posterior ovary has abundant spermatophores, anterior displayed oogonia, previtellogenic oocytes and two distinct forms of follicle cells. In M2, the anterior ovary shows compactly arranged oocytes while the posterior region accommodates spermatophores - fewer, however, than during M1. The entire ovary during M3 is crowded with previtellogenic oocytes, which marginalize the spermatophore passage. The vas deferens of the smallest M1 lack spermatophores. As the size class progresses through late M1 into M2 and M3, the posterior vas deferens is filled with spermatophores, which closely associate with the glandular epithelial lining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helna Ameri Kottarathil
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology and Research Centre,
Sree Narayana College, Kannur 670 007, India. E-mail:
| | - Sudha Kappalli
- Department of Animal Science, School of Biological
Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
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Gan G, Zhang C. The precise subcellular localization of Dlg in the Drosophila larva body wall using improved pre-embedding immuno-EM. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:467-480. [PMID: 29231975 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Discs-large (Dlg) plays important roles in nerve tissue and epithelial tissue in Drosophila. However, the precise positioning of Dlg in the neuromuscular junction remains to be confirmed using an optimized labeling method. In this study, we improved the method of pre-embedding immunogold electron microscopy without the osmic tetroxide procedure, and we found that Lowicryl K4 M resin and low temperature helped to preserve the authenticity of the labeling signal with relatively good contrast. Dlg was strongly expressed in the entire subsynaptic reticulum (SSR) membrane of type Ib boutons, expressed in parts of the SSR membrane of type Is boutons, weakly expressed in axon terminals and axons, and not expressed in pre- or postsynaptic membranes of type Is boutons. In muscle cells and stratum corneum cells, Dlg was expressed both in the cytoplasm and in organelles with biomembranes. The precise location of Dlg in SSR membranes, rather than in postsynaptic membranes, shows that Dlg, with its multiple domains, acts as a remote or indirect regulator in postsynaptic signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Gan
- Medical School Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Medical School Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Su CX, Chen J, Shi FM, Guo MS, Chang YL. Formation of the acrosome complex in the bush cricket Gampsocleis gratiosa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2017; 46:579-587. [PMID: 28115255 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The acrosome complex plays an indispensable role in the normal function of mature spermatozoa. However, the dynamic process of acrosome complex formation in insect remains poorly understood. Gampsocleis gratiosa Brunner von Wattenwyl possesses the typical characteristic of insect sperms, which is tractable in terms of size, and therefore was selected for the acrosome formation study in this report. The results show that acrosome formation can be divided into six phases: round, rotating, rhombic, cylindrical, transforming and mature phase, based on the morphological dynamics of acrosome complex and nucleus. In addition, the cytoskeleton plays a critical role in the process of acrosome formation. The results from this study indicate that: (1) glycoprotein is the major component of the acrosome proper; (2) the microfilament is one element of the acrosome complex, and may mediate the morphologic change of the acrosome complex; (3) the microtubules might also shape the nucleus and acrosome complex during the acrosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Xia Su
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fu Ming Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ming Shen Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yan Lin Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Gorelick R, Carpinone J, Derraugh LJ. No universal differences between female and male eukaryotes: anisogamy and asymmetrical female meiosis. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Root Gorelick
- Department of Biology; Carleton University; 1125 Raven Road Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
- School of Mathematics & Statistics and Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies; Carleton University; 1125 Raven Road Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Jessica Carpinone
- Department of Biology; Carleton University; 1125 Raven Road Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
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Mazzei V, Sinatra F, Villaggio G, Longo G. Egg envelopes of Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) (Crustacea, Isopoda Oniscidea): Ultrastructure and lectins binding. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:792-8. [PMID: 27324273 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructural study carried out on (a) oocytes of Armadillidium vulgare during vitellogenesis, (b) mature eggs taken from the ovaries during the parturial moult of the posterior half of the body, and (c) fertilized eggs collected within a few hours of their release into the brood pouch, has clearly demonstrated that before the fertilization the chorion is the only envelope present in the egg of oniscidean isopods. In the mature eggs, the chorion appears as a uniformly electron-dense lamina, about 0.4-0.5 µm thick, which does not show any specialized area. A second envelope, described by other authors as vitelline envelope, is formed above the oolemma only right after fertilization and appears separated from the chorion by a space full of liquid. The ways in which the genesis of this envelope is realized are not yet clear; it could be interpreted rather as a fertilization membrane. The investigations carried out with the aid of a battery of FITC-lectins have highlighted the presence at the chorion surface of unfertilized eggs of various saccharide residues distributed in uniform way. No significant change was observed in the pattern of lectins binding to the chorion of eggs taken from the brood pouch, thus demonstrating how, after the fertilization, no significant rearrangement in the distribution of saccharide residues present on the egg surface occurs in A. vulgare. The ways in which, therefore, the recognition, the binding and the entry of the peculiar sperm of oniscidean isopods into the egg occur, still remain all to be deciphered. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:792-798, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mazzei
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - F Sinatra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - G Villaggio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - G Longo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
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Viscuso R, Federico C, Saccone S, Bonaccorsi B, Vitale DG. Fluorescence microscopy study on the cytoskeletal displacements during sperm differentiation in the bush-cricketTylopsis liliifolia(Fabricius) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Microsc Res Tech 2015; 79:81-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Viscuso
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences; Section of Animal Biology “Marcello La Greca”, University of Catania; via Androne 81 Catania 95124 Italy
| | - Concetta Federico
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences; Section of Animal Biology “Marcello La Greca”, University of Catania; via Androne 81 Catania 95124 Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences; Section of Animal Biology “Marcello La Greca”, University of Catania; via Androne 81 Catania 95124 Italy
| | - Bianca Bonaccorsi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences; Section of Animal Biology “Marcello La Greca”, University of Catania; via Androne 81 Catania 95124 Italy
| | - Danilo G.M. Vitale
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences; Section of Animal Biology “Marcello La Greca”, University of Catania; via Androne 81 Catania 95124 Italy
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Spermiophagic activity in the female genital system of some species of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Halophilosciidae). Tissue Cell 2014; 46:255-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Suzuki S, Ziegler A. Female genitalia, reproductive cycle and sperm storage inArmadillidium vulgare(Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2014.910845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Morphological characterization of testicular cells, spermatogenesis and formation of spermatophores in a fish ectoparasite Argulus bengalensis Ramakrishna, 1951 (Crustacea: Branchiura). Tissue Cell 2013; 46:59-69. [PMID: 24355128 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study has been carried out to describe the cell morphology of the developing male gametes in a fish ectoparasite, Argulus bengalensis Ramakrishna, 1951. With respect to cell volume and nucleoplasmic index, spermatogonia are the smallest and primary spermatocytes are the largest in this lineage. The spermatogonia and the differentiating spermatogenic cells are in separate niches and confined to different enclaves within each testicular lobe. Spermiogenesis occurs within the inner enclave of each testicular lobe. During this process the nucleus becomes streamlined; an acrosome is formed, axoneme is originated, and residual cytoplasm is discarded through the flagellum. The sperm cell morphology displays a general pattern comprising head, mid-piece, and a full length flagellum. In the axoneme 9+2 arrangement of the microtubule is conserved. In addition to the axoneme, some more singlet microtubules are found surrounding a fiber sheath and around one of the mitochondria adjacent to the axoneme. This arrangement indicates a close phylogenetic relationship with pentastomida. In the present study, structure and formation of spermatophore are described in this branchiuran parasite.
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