1
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Iqbal M, Lewis SL, Padhye S, Jinwal UK. Updates on Aβ Processing by Hsp90, BRICHOS, and Newly Reported Distinctive Chaperones. Biomolecules 2023; 14:16. [PMID: 38254616 PMCID: PMC10812967 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an extremely devastating neurodegenerative disease, and there is no cure for it. AD is specified as the misfolding and aggregation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) and abnormalities in hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Current approaches to treat Alzheimer's disease have had some success in slowing down the disease's progression. However, attempts to find a cure have been largely unsuccessful, most likely due to the complexity associated with AD pathogenesis. Hence, a shift in focus to better understand the molecular mechanism of Aβ processing and to consider alternative options such as chaperone proteins seems promising. Chaperone proteins act as molecular caretakers to facilitate cellular homeostasis under standard conditions. Chaperone proteins like heat shock proteins (Hsps) serve a pivotal role in correctly folding amyloid peptides, inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction, and peptide aggregation. For instance, Hsp90 plays a significant role in maintaining cellular homeostasis through its protein folding mechanisms. In this review, we analyze the most recent studies from 2020 to 2023 and provide updates on Aβ regulation by Hsp90, BRICHOS domain chaperone, and distinctive newly reported chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Umesh Kumar Jinwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF-Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.I.)
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2
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Bui S, Delhaes L, Dournes G, Reix P, Fayon MJ. Editorial: New insights into caring for pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1243496. [PMID: 37635799 PMCID: PMC10450029 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1243496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bui
- Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UMR 12 19, U1045, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gael Dournes
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Service d’Imagerie Thoracique et Cardiovasculaire, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Reix
- Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), UMR 5558, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lyon, France
| | - Michael John Fayon
- Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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3
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Gil-Martínez J, Bernardo-Seisdedos G, Mato JM, Millet O. The use of pharmacological chaperones in rare diseases caused by reduced protein stability. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200222. [PMID: 36205620 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rare diseases are most often caused by inherited genetic disorders that, after translation, will result in a protein with altered function. Decreased protein stability is the most frequent mechanism associated with a congenital pathogenic missense mutation and it implies the destabilization of the folded conformation in favour of unfolded or misfolded states. In the cellular context and when experimental data is available, a mutant protein with altered thermodynamic stability often also results in impaired homeostasis, with the deleterious accumulation of protein aggregates, metabolites and/or metabolic by-products. In the last decades, a significant effort has enabled the characterization of rare diseases associated to protein stability defects and triggered the development of innovative therapeutic intervention lines, say, the use of pharmacological chaperones to correct the intracellular impaired homeostasis. Here, we review the current knowledge on rare diseases caused by reduced protein stability, paying special attention to the thermodynamic aspects of the protein destabilization, also focusing on some examples where pharmacological chaperones are being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Gil-Martínez
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - José M Mato
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia, Spain.,ATLAS Molecular Pharma, Bizkaia, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Das A, Imanishi Y. Drug Discovery Strategies for Inherited Retinal Degenerations. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1338. [PMID: 36138817 PMCID: PMC9495580 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinal degeneration is a group of blinding disorders afflicting more than 1 in 4000 worldwide. These disorders frequently cause the death of photoreceptor cells or retinal ganglion cells. In a subset of these disorders, photoreceptor cell death is a secondary consequence of retinal pigment epithelial cell dysfunction or degeneration. This manuscript reviews current efforts in identifying targets and developing small molecule-based therapies for these devastating neuronal degenerations, for which no cures exist. Photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells are metabolically demanding owing to their unique structures and functional properties. Modulations of metabolic pathways, which are disrupted in most inherited retinal degenerations, serve as promising therapeutic strategies. In monogenic disorders, great insights were previously obtained regarding targets associated with the defective pathways, including phototransduction, visual cycle, and mitophagy. In addition to these target-based drug discoveries, we will discuss how phenotypic screening can be harnessed to discover beneficial molecules without prior knowledge of their mechanisms of action. Because of major anatomical and biological differences, it has frequently been challenging to model human inherited retinal degeneration conditions using small animals such as rodents. Recent advances in stem cell-based techniques are opening new avenues to obtain pure populations of human retinal ganglion cells and retinal organoids with photoreceptor cells. We will discuss concurrent ideas of utilizing stem-cell-based disease models for drug discovery and preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arupratan Das
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Imanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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5
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Braccia C, Christopher JA, Crook OM, Breckels LM, Queiroz RML, Liessi N, Tomati V, Capurro V, Bandiera T, Baldassari S, Pedemonte N, Lilley KS, Armirotti A. CFTR Rescue by Lumacaftor (VX-809) Induces an Extensive Reorganization of Mitochondria in the Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelium. Cells 2022; 11:1938. [PMID: 35741067 PMCID: PMC9222197 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting around 1 in every 3000 newborns. In the most common mutation, F508del, the defective anion channel, CFTR, is prevented from reaching the plasma membrane (PM) by the quality check control of the cell. Little is known about how CFTR pharmacological rescue impacts the cell proteome. METHODS We used high-resolution mass spectrometry, differential ultracentrifugation, machine learning and bioinformatics to investigate both changes in the expression and localization of the human bronchial epithelium CF model (F508del-CFTR CFBE41o-) proteome following treatment with VX-809 (Lumacaftor), a drug able to improve the trafficking of CFTR. RESULTS The data suggested no stark changes in protein expression, yet subtle localization changes of proteins of the mitochondria and peroxisomes were detected. We then used high-content confocal microscopy to further investigate the morphological and compositional changes of peroxisomes and mitochondria under these conditions, as well as in patient-derived primary cells. We profiled several thousand proteins and we determined the subcellular localization data for around 5000 of them using the LOPIT-DC spatial proteomics protocol. CONCLUSIONS We observed that treatment with VX-809 induces extensive structural and functional remodelling of mitochondria and peroxisomes that resemble the phenotype of healthy cells. Our data suggest additional rescue mechanisms of VX-809 beyond the correction of aberrant folding of F508del-CFTR and subsequent trafficking to the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Braccia
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (C.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Josie A. Christopher
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; (J.A.C.); (O.M.C.); (L.M.B.); (R.M.L.Q.)
| | - Oliver M. Crook
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; (J.A.C.); (O.M.C.); (L.M.B.); (R.M.L.Q.)
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 29 St Giles’, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK
| | - Lisa M. Breckels
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; (J.A.C.); (O.M.C.); (L.M.B.); (R.M.L.Q.)
| | - Rayner M. L. Queiroz
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; (J.A.C.); (O.M.C.); (L.M.B.); (R.M.L.Q.)
| | - Nara Liessi
- Analytical Chemistry Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;
| | - Valeria Tomati
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; (V.T.); (V.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Valeria Capurro
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; (V.T.); (V.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Tiziano Bandiera
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (C.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Simona Baldassari
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; (V.T.); (V.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicoletta Pedemonte
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; (V.T.); (V.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Kathryn S. Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; (J.A.C.); (O.M.C.); (L.M.B.); (R.M.L.Q.)
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;
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Sutton C, Williams EQ, Homsi H, Beerepoot P, Nazari R, Han D, Ramsey AJ, Mash DC, Olson DE, Blough B, Salahpour A. Structure-Activity Relationships of Dopamine Transporter Pharmacological Chaperones. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:832536. [PMID: 35614973 PMCID: PMC9124866 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.832536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) have been implicated in many human diseases. Among these is the infantile parkinsonism-dystonia known as Dopamine Transporter Deficiency Syndrome (DTDS). Afflicted individuals have minimal to no functional dopamine transporter protein. This is primarily due to retention of misfolded disease-causing dopamine transporter variants. This results in a variety of severe motor symptoms in patients and the disease ultimately leads to death in adolescence or young adulthood. Though no treatment is currently available, pharmacological chaperones targeting the dopamine transporter have been shown to rescue select DTDS disease-causing variants. Previous work has identified two DAT pharmacological chaperones with moderate potency and efficacy: bupropion and ibogaine. In this study, we carried out structure-activity relationships (SARs) for bupropion and ibogaine with the goal of identifying the chemical features required for pharmacological chaperone activity. Our results show that the isoquinuclidine substituent of ibogaine and its analogs is an important feature for pharmacological chaperone efficacy. For bupropion, the secondary amine group is essential for pharmacological chaperone activity. Lastly, we describe additional ibogaine and bupropion analogs with varying chemical modifications and variable pharmacological chaperone efficacies at the dopamine transporter. Our results contribute to the design and refinement of future dopamine transporter pharmacological chaperones with improved efficacies and potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Sutton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Q. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoomam Homsi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pieter Beerepoot
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Nazari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy J. Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah C. Mash
- Departments of Neurology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - David E. Olson
- Department of Chemistry, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Blough
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, North Carolina, NC, United States
| | - Ali Salahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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The NSAID glafenine rescues class 2 CFTR mutants via cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition of the arachidonic acid pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4595. [PMID: 35302062 PMCID: PMC8930988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases of cystic fibrosis (CF) are caused by class 2 mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR). These proteins preserve some channel function but are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Partial rescue of the most common CFTR class 2 mutant, F508del-CFTR, has been achieved through the development of pharmacological chaperones (Tezacaftor and Elexacaftor) that bind CFTR directly. However, it is not clear whether these drugs will rescue all class 2 CFTR mutants to a medically relevant level. We have previously shown that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen can correct F508del-CFTR trafficking. Here, we utilized RNAi and pharmacological inhibitors to determine the mechanism of action of the NSAID glafenine. Using cellular thermal stability assays (CETSAs), we show that it is a proteostasis modulator. Using medicinal chemistry, we identified a derivative with a fourfold increase in CFTR corrector potency. Furthermore, we show that these novel arachidonic acid pathway inhibitors can rescue difficult-to-correct class 2 mutants, such as G85E-CFTR > 13%, that of non-CF cells in well-differentiated HBE cells. Thus, the results suggest that targeting the arachidonic acid pathway may be a profitable way of developing correctors of certain previously hard-to-correct class 2 CFTR mutations.
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8
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NBD2 Is Required for the Rescue of Mutant F508del CFTR by a Thiazole-Based Molecule: A Class II Corrector for the Multi-Drug Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101417. [PMID: 34680050 PMCID: PMC8533355 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel that regulates epithelial surface fluid secretion. The deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del) is the most common CFTR mutation. F508del CFTR is characterized by folding and trafficking defects, resulting in decreased functional expression of the protein on the plasma membrane. Several classes of small molecules, named correctors, have been developed to rescue defective F508del CFTR. Although individual correctors failed to improve the clinical status of CF patients carrying the F508del mutation, better results were obtained using correctors combinations. These results were obtained according to the premise that the administration of correctors having different sites of action should enhance F508del CFTR rescue. We investigated the putative site of action of an aminoarylthiazole 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(3-(methylthio)phenyl)thiazol-2-amine, named FCG, with proven CFTR corrector activity, and its synergistic effect with the corrector VX809. We found that neither the total expression nor the maturation of WT CFTR transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells was influenced by FCG, administrated alone or in combination with VX809. On the contrary, FCG was able to enhance F508del CFTR total expression, and its combination with VX809 provided a further effect, being able to increase not only the total expression but also the maturation of the mutant protein. Analyses on different CFTR domains and groups of domains, heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells, show that NBD2 is necessary for FCG corrector activity. Molecular modelling analyses suggest that FCG interacts with a putative region located into the NBD2, ascribing this molecule to class II correctors. Our study indicates that the continuous development and testing of combinations of correctors targeting different structural and functional defects of mutant CFTR is the best strategy to ensure a valuable therapeutic perspective to a larger cohort of CF patients.
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Production and purification of ATP-sensitive potassium channel particles for cryo-electron microscopy. Methods Enzymol 2021; 653:121-150. [PMID: 34099169 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are multimeric protein complexes made of four inward rectifying potassium channel (Kir6.x) subunits and four ABC protein sulfonylurea receptor (SURx) subunits. Kir6.x subunits form the potassium ion conducting pore of the channel, and SURx functions to regulate Kir6.x. Kir6.x and SURx are uniquely dependent on each other for expression and function. In pancreatic β-cells, channels comprising SUR1 and Kir6.2 mediate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and are the targets of antidiabetic sulfonylureas. Mutations in genes encoding SUR1 or Kir6.2 are linked to insulin secretion disorders, with loss- or gain-of-function mutations causing congenital hyperinsulinism or neonatal diabetes mellitus, respectively. Defects in the KATP channel in other tissues underlie human diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Key to understanding how channels are regulated by physiological and pharmacological ligands and how mutations disrupt channel assembly or gating to cause disease is the ability to observe structural changes associated with subunit interactions and ligand binding. While recent advances in the structural method of single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) offers direct visualization of channel structures, success of obtaining high-resolution structures is dependent on highly concentrated, homogeneous KATP channel particles. In this chapter, we describe a method for expressing KATP channels in mammalian cell culture, solubilizing the channel in detergent micelles and purifying KATP channels using an affinity tag to the SURx subunit for cryoEM structural studies.
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10
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Van der Plas SE, Kelgtermans H, Mammoliti O, Menet C, Tricarico G, De Blieck A, Joannesse C, De Munck T, Lambin D, Cowart M, Dropsit S, Martina SLX, Gees M, Wesse AS, Conrath K, Andrews M. Discovery of GLPG2451, a Novel Once Daily Potentiator for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2021; 64:343-353. [PMID: 33399458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). With the discovery of Ivacaftor and Lumacaftor, it has been shown that administration of one or more small molecules can partially restore the CFTR function. Correctors are small molecules that enhance the amount of CFTR on the cell surface, while potentiators improve the gating function of the CFTR channel. Herein, we describe the discovery and optimization of a novel potentiator series. Scaffold hopping, focusing on retaining the different intramolecular contacts, was crucial in the whole discovery process to identify a novel series devoid of genotoxic liabilities. From this series, the clinical candidate GLPG2451 was selected based on its pharmacokinetic properties, allowing QD dosing and based on its low CYP induction potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Kelgtermans
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Oscar Mammoliti
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Christel Menet
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Ann De Blieck
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Tom De Munck
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lambin
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Marlon Cowart
- Abbvie, Discovery Chemistry and Technology, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Katja Conrath
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Martin Andrews
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
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11
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Righetti G, Casale M, Tonelli M, Liessi N, Fossa P, Pedemonte N, Millo E, Cichero E. New Insights into the Binding Features of F508del CFTR Potentiators: A Molecular Docking, Pharmacophore Mapping and QSAR Analysis Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120445. [PMID: 33291847 PMCID: PMC7762081 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the autosomal recessive disorder most recurrent in Caucasian populations. To combat this disease, many life-prolonging therapies are required and deeply investigated, including the development of the so-called cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, such as correctors and potentiators. Combination therapy with the two series of drugs led to the approval of several multi-drug effective treatments, such as Orkambi, and to the recent promising evaluation of the triple-combination Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor. This scenario enlightened the effectiveness of the multi-drug approach to pave the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents to contrast CF. The recent X-crystallographic data about the human CFTR in complex with the well-known potentiator Ivacaftor (VX-770) opened the possibility to apply a computational study aimed to explore the key features involved in the potentiator binding. Herein, we discussed molecular docking studies performed onto the chemotypes so far discussed in the literature as CFTR potentiator, reporting the most relevant interactions responsible for their mechanism of action, involving Van der Waals interactions and π–π stacking with F236, Y304, F305 and F312, as well as H-bonding F931, Y304, S308 and R933. This kind of positioning will stabilize the effective potentiator at the CFTR channel. These data have been accompanied by pharmacophore analyses, which promoted the design of novel derivatives endowed with a main (hetero)aromatic core connected to proper substituents, featuring H-bonding moieties. A highly predictive quantitative-structure activity relationship (QSAR) model has been developed, giving a cross-validated r2 (r2cv) = 0.74, a non-cross validated r2 (r2ncv) = 0.90, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.347, and a test set r2 (r2pred) = 0.86. On the whole, the results are expected to gain useful information to guide the further development and optimization of new CFTR potentiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Righetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Monica Casale
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Chemistry and Food and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Michele Tonelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Nara Liessi
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.L.); (E.M.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.R.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (E.C.); Tel.: +39-010-353-8238 (P.F.); +39-010-353-8370 (E.C.); Fax: +39-010-353-8399 (P.F.); +39-010-353-8399 (E.C.)
| | | | - Enrico Millo
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.L.); (E.M.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.R.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (E.C.); Tel.: +39-010-353-8238 (P.F.); +39-010-353-8370 (E.C.); Fax: +39-010-353-8399 (P.F.); +39-010-353-8399 (E.C.)
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12
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NACHO Engages N-Glycosylation ER Chaperone Pathways for α7 Nicotinic Receptor Assembly. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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13
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Tosco A, Villella VR, Raia V, Kroemer G, Maiuri L. Cystic Fibrosis: New Insights into Therapeutic Approaches. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x15666190702151613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) as a disease in 1938 until 2012, only
therapies to treat symptoms rather than etiological therapies have been used to treat the disease. Over
the last few years, new technologies have been developed, and gene editing strategies are now
moving toward a one-time cure. This review will summarize recent advances in etiological therapies
that target the basic defect in the CF Transmembrane Receptor (CFTR), the protein that is mutated in
CF. We will discuss how newly identified compounds can directly target mutated CFTR to improve
its function. Moreover, we will discuss how proteostasis regulators can modify the environment in
which the mutant CFTR protein is synthesized and decayed, thus restoring CFTR function. The
future of CF therapies lies in combinatory therapies that may be personalized for each CF patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tosco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Valeria R. Villella
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Valeria Raia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe11 labellisee Ligue Nationale Contrele Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Luigi Maiuri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
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14
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Martin GM, Sung MW, Yang Z, Innes LM, Kandasamy B, David LL, Yoshioka C, Shyng SL. Mechanism of pharmacochaperoning in a mammalian K ATP channel revealed by cryo-EM. eLife 2019; 8:46417. [PMID: 31343405 PMCID: PMC6699824 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels composed of a pore-forming Kir6.2 potassium channel and a regulatory ABC transporter sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) regulate insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells to maintain glucose homeostasis. Mutations that impair channel folding or assembly prevent cell surface expression and cause congenital hyperinsulinism. Structurally diverse KATP inhibitors are known to act as pharmacochaperones to correct mutant channel expression, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, we compare cryoEM structures of a mammalian KATP channel bound to pharmacochaperones glibenclamide, repaglinide, and carbamazepine. We found all three drugs bind within a common pocket in SUR1. Further, we found the N-terminus of Kir6.2 inserted within the central cavity of the SUR1 ABC core, adjacent the drug binding pocket. The findings reveal a common mechanism by which diverse compounds stabilize the Kir6.2 N-terminus within SUR1’s ABC core, allowing it to act as a firm ‘handle’ for the assembly of metastable mutant SUR1-Kir6.2 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Min Woo Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Zhongying Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Laura M Innes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Balamurugan Kandasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Craig Yoshioka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Show-Ling Shyng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
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15
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Bioactive Thymosin Alpha-1 Does Not Influence F508del-CFTR Maturation and Activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10310. [PMID: 31311979 PMCID: PMC6635361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of phenylalanine 508 (F508del) in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel is the most frequent mutation causing cystic fibrosis (CF). F508del-CFTR is misfolded and prematurely degraded. Recently thymosin a-1 (Tα-1) was proposed as a single molecule-based therapy for CF, improving both F508del-CFTR maturation and function by restoring defective autophagy. However, three independent laboratories failed to reproduce these results. Lack of reproducibility has been ascribed by the authors of the original paper to the use of DMSO and to improper handling. Here, we address these potential issues by demonstrating that Tα-1 changes induced by DMSO are fully reversible and that Tα-1 peptides prepared from different stock solutions have equivalent biological activity. Considering the negative results here reported, six independent laboratories failed to demonstrate F508del-CFTR correction by Tα-1. This study also calls into question the autophagy modulator cysteamine, since no rescue of mutant CFTR function was detected following treatment with cysteamine, while deleterious effects were observed when bronchial epithelia were exposed to cysteamine plus the antioxidant food supplement EGCG. Although these studies do not exclude the possibility of beneficial immunomodulatory effects of thymosin α-1, they do not support its utility as a corrector of F508del-CFTR.
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16
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Hanrahan JW, Sato Y, Carlile GW, Jansen G, Young JC, Thomas DY. Cystic Fibrosis: Proteostatic correctors of CFTR trafficking and alternative therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:711-724. [PMID: 31169041 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1628948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent lethal orphan disease and is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. The most frequent mutation F508del-CFTR affects multiple organs; infections and subsequent infections and complications in the lung lead to death. Areas covered: This review focuses on new targets and mechanisms that are attracting interest for the development of CF therapies. The F508del-CFTR protein is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but has some function if it can traffic to the plasma membrane. Cell-based assays have been used to screen chemical libraries for small molecule correctors that restore its trafficking. Pharmacological chaperones are correctors that bind directly to the F508del-CFTR mutant and promote its folding and trafficking. Other correctors fall into a heterogeneous class of proteostasis modulators that act indirectly by altering cellular homeostasis. Expert opinion: Pharmacological chaperones have so far been the most successful correctors of F508del-CFTR trafficking, but their level of correction means that more than one corrector is required. Proteostasis modulators have low levels of correction but hold promise because some can correct several different CFTR mutations. Identification of their cellular targets and the potential for development may lead to new therapies for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Hanrahan
- a Department of Physiology , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,c Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Yukiko Sato
- a Department of Physiology , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,b Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Graeme W Carlile
- b Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,d Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Gregor Jansen
- d Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Jason C Young
- b Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,d Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - David Y Thomas
- b Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,d Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,e Department of Human Genetics , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
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17
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de Wilde G, Gees M, Musch S, Verdonck K, Jans M, Wesse AS, Singh AK, Hwang TC, Christophe T, Pizzonero M, Van der Plas S, Desroy N, Cowart M, Stouten P, Nelles L, Conrath K. Identification of GLPG/ABBV-2737, a Novel Class of Corrector, Which Exerts Functional Synergy With Other CFTR Modulators. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:514. [PMID: 31143125 PMCID: PMC6521598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del) in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) causes a severe defect in folding and trafficking of the chloride channel resulting in its absence at the plasma membrane of epithelial cells leading to cystic fibrosis. Progress in the understanding of the disease increased over the past decades and led to the awareness that combinations of mechanistically different CFTR modulators are required to obtain meaningful clinical benefit. Today, there remains an unmet need for identification and development of more effective CFTR modulator combinations to improve existing therapies for patients carrying the F508del mutation. Here, we describe the identification of a novel F508del corrector using functional assays. We provide experimental evidence that the clinical candidate GLPG/ABBV-2737 represents a novel class of corrector exerting activity both on its own and in combination with VX809 or GLPG/ABBV-2222.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tzyh-Chang Hwang
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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18
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Tao YX, Conn PM. Pharmacoperones as Novel Therapeutics for Diverse Protein Conformational Diseases. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:697-725. [PMID: 29442594 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After synthesis, proteins are folded into their native conformations aided by molecular chaperones. Dysfunction in folding caused by genetic mutations in numerous genes causes protein conformational diseases. Membrane proteins are more prone to misfolding due to their more intricate folding than soluble proteins. Misfolded proteins are detected by the cellular quality control systems, especially in the endoplasmic reticulum, and proteins may be retained there for eventual degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system or through autophagy. Some misfolded proteins aggregate, leading to pathologies in numerous neurological diseases. In vitro, modulating mutant protein folding by altering molecular chaperone expression can ameliorate some misfolding. Some small molecules known as chemical chaperones also correct mutant protein misfolding in vitro and in vivo. However, due to their lack of specificity, their potential as therapeutics is limited. Another class of compounds, known as pharmacological chaperones (pharmacoperones), binds with high specificity to misfolded proteins, either as enzyme substrates or receptor ligands, leading to decreased folding energy barriers and correction of the misfolding. Because many of the misfolded proteins are misrouted but do not have defects in function per se, pharmacoperones have promising potential in advancing to the clinic as therapeutics, since correcting routing may ameliorate the underlying mechanism of disease. This review will comprehensively summarize this exciting area of research, surveying the literature from in vitro studies in cell lines to transgenic animal models and clinical trials in several protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama ; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center , Lubbock, Texas
| | - P Michael Conn
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama ; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center , Lubbock, Texas
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19
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Gees M, Musch S, Van der Plas S, Wesse AS, Vandevelde A, Verdonck K, Mammoliti O, Hwang TC, Sonck K, Stouten P, Swensen AM, Jans M, Van der Schueren J, Nelles L, Andrews M, Conrath K. Identification and Characterization of Novel CFTR Potentiators. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1221. [PMID: 30416447 PMCID: PMC6212544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still a high unmet need for the treatment of most patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The identification and development of new Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) modulators is necessary to achieve higher clinical benefit in patients. In this report we describe the characterization of novel potentiators. From a small screening campaign on F508del CFTR, hits were developed leading to the identification of pre-clinical candidates GLPG1837 and GLPG2451, each derived from a distinct chemical series. Both drug candidates enhance WT CFTR activity as well as low temperature or corrector rescued F508del CFTR, and are able to improve channel activity on a series of Class III, IV CFTR mutants. The observed activities in YFP halide assays translated well to primary cells derived from CF lungs when measured using Trans-epithelial clamp circuit (TECC). Both potentiators improve F508del CFTR channel opening in a similar manner, increasing the open time and reducing the closed time of the channel. When evaluating the potentiators in a chronic setting on corrected F508del CFTR, no reduction of channel activity in presence of potentiator was observed. The current work identifies and characterizes novel CFTR potentiators GLPG1837 and GLPG2451, which may offer new therapeutic options for CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tzyh-Chang Hwang
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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20
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Niu J, Yang W, Yue DT, Inoue T, Ben-Johny M. Duplex signaling by CaM and Stac3 enhances Ca V1.1 function and provides insights into congenital myopathy. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:1145-1161. [PMID: 29950399 PMCID: PMC6080896 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CaV1.1 is essential for skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling. Its functional expression is tuned by numerous regulatory proteins, yet underlying modulatory mechanisms remain ambiguous as CaV1.1 fails to function in heterologous systems. In this study, by dissecting channel trafficking versus gating, we evaluated the requirements for functional CaV1.1 in heterologous systems. Although coexpression of the auxiliary β subunit is sufficient for surface-membrane localization, this baseline trafficking is weak, and channels elicit a diminished open probability. The regulatory proteins calmodulin and stac3 independently enhance channel trafficking and gating via their interaction with the CaV1.1 carboxy terminus. Myopathic stac3 mutations weaken channel binding and diminish trafficking. Our findings demonstrate that multiple regulatory proteins orchestrate CaV1.1 function via duplex mechanisms. Our work also furnishes insights into the pathophysiology of stac3-associated congenital myopathy and reveals novel avenues for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wanjun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Manu Ben-Johny
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY
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21
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Carlile GW, Yang Q, Matthes E, Liao J, Radinovic S, Miyamoto C, Robert R, Hanrahan JW, Thomas DY. A novel triple combination of pharmacological chaperones improves F508del-CFTR correction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11404. [PMID: 30061653 PMCID: PMC6065411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological chaperones (e.g. VX-809, lumacaftor) that bind directly to F508del-CFTR and correct its mislocalization are promising therapeutics for Cystic Fibrosis (CF). However to date, individual correctors provide only ~4% improvement in lung function measured as FEV1, suggesting that multiple drugs will be needed to achieve substantial clinical benefit. Here we examine if multiple sites for pharmacological chaperones exist and can be targeted to enhance the rescue of F508del-CFTR with the premise that additive or synergistic rescue by multiple pharmacological chaperones compared to single correctors indicates that they have different sites of action. First, we found that a combination of the pharmacological chaperones VX-809 and RDR1 provide additive correction of F508del-CFTR. Then using cellular thermal stability assays (CETSA) we demonstrated the possibility of a third pharmacologically important site using the novel pharmacological chaperone tool compound 4-methyl-N-[3-(morpholin-4-yl) quinoxalin-2-yl] benzenesulfonamide (MCG1516A). All three pharmacological chaperones appear to interact with the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1). The triple combination of MCG1516A, RDR1, and VX-809 restored CFTR function to >20% that of non-CF cells in well differentiated HBE cells and to much higher levels in other cell types. Thus the results suggest the presence of at least three distinct sites for pharmacological chaperones on F508del-CFTR NBD1, encouraging the development of triple corrector combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme W Carlile
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada, H3G 1Y6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Qi Yang
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada, H3G 1Y6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Matthes
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, Department of Physiology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada, H3G 1Y6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jie Liao
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, Department of Physiology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada, H3G 1Y6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stevo Radinovic
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada, H3G 1Y6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,National Research Council, Biotechnology Research Institute, 6100 Royalmount Ave, H4P 2R2, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carol Miyamoto
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada, H3G 1Y6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renaud Robert
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, Department of Physiology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada, H3G 1Y6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, Department of Physiology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada, H3G 1Y6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Y Thomas
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada, H3G 1Y6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Laselva O, Marzaro G, Vaccarin C, Lampronti I, Tamanini A, Lippi G, Gambari R, Cabrini G, Bear CE, Chilin A, Dechecchi MC. Molecular Mechanism of Action of Trimethylangelicin Derivatives as CFTR Modulators. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:719. [PMID: 30022950 PMCID: PMC6039571 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The psoralen-related compound, 4,6,4′-trimethylangelicin (TMA) potentiates the cAMP/PKA-dependent activation of WT-CFTR and rescues F508del-CFTR-dependent chloride secretion in both primary and secondary airway cells homozygous for the F508del mutation. We recently demonstrated that TMA, like lumacaftor (VX-809), stabilizes the first membrane-spanning domain (MSD1) and enhances the interface between NBD1 and ICL4 (MSD2). TMA also demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, via reduction of IL-8 expression, thus making TMA a promising agent for treatment of cystic fibrosis. Unfortunately, TMA was also found to display potential phototoxicity and mutagenicity, despite the fact that photo-reactivity is absent when the compound is not directly irradiated with UVA light. Due to concerns about these toxic effects, new TMA analogs, characterized by identical or better activity profiles and minimized or reduced side effects, were synthesized by modifying specific structural features on the TMA scaffold, thus generating compounds with no mutagenicity and phototoxicity. Among these compounds, we found TMA analogs which maintained the potentiation activity of CFTR in FRT-YFP-G551D cells. Nanomolar concentrations of these analogs significantly rescued F508del CFTR-dependent chloride efflux in FRT-YFP-F508del, HEK-293 and CF bronchial epithelial cells. We then investigated the ability of TMA analogs to enhance the stable expression of varying CFTR truncation mutants in HEK-293 cells, with the aim of studying the mechanism of their corrector activity. Not surprisingly, MSD1 was the smallest domain stabilized by TMA analogs, as previously observed for TMA. Moreover, we found that TMA analogs were not effective on F508del-CFTR protein which was already stabilized by a second-site mutation at the NBD1-ICL4 interface. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that these TMA analogs mediate correction by modifying MSD1 and indirectly stabilizing the interface between NBD1 and CL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Marzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Christian Vaccarin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Tamanini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christine E Bear
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adriana Chilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria C Dechecchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
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23
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Morita M, Matsumoto S, Sato A, Inoue K, Kostsin DG, Yamazaki K, Kawaguchi K, Shimozawa N, Kemp S, Wanders RJ, Kojima H, Okabe T, Imanaka T. Stability of the ABCD1 Protein with a Missense Mutation: A Novel Approach to Finding Therapeutic Compounds for X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy. JIMD Rep 2018; 44:23-31. [PMID: 29926352 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2018_118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the ABCD1 gene that encodes peroxisomal ABCD1 protein cause X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a rare neurodegenerative disorder. More than 70% of the patient fibroblasts with this missense mutation display either a lack or reduction of the ABCD1 protein because of posttranslational degradation. In this study, we analyzed the stability of the missense mutant ABCD1 proteins (p.A616T, p.R617H, and p.R660W) in X-ALD fibroblasts and found that the mutant ABCD1 protein p.A616T has the capacity to recover its function by incubating at low temperature. In the case of such a mutation, chemical compounds that stabilize mutant ABCD1 proteins could be therapeutic candidates. Here, we prepared CHO cell lines stably expressing ABCD1 proteins with a missense mutation in fusion with green fluorescent protein (GFP) at the C-terminal. The stability of each mutant ABCD1-GFP in CHO cells was similar to the corresponding mutant ABCD1 protein in X-ALD fibroblasts. Furthermore, it is of interest that the GFP at the C-terminal was degraded together with the mutant ABCD1 protein. These findings prompted us to use CHO cells expressing mutant ABCD1-GFP for a screening of chemical compounds that can stabilize the mutant ABCD1 protein. We established a fluorescence-based assay method for the screening of chemical libraries in an effort to find compounds that stabilize mutant ABCD1 proteins. The work presented here provides a novel approach to finding therapeutic compounds for X-ALD patients with missense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Morita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Shun Matsumoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Airi Sato
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kengo Inoue
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Dzmitry G Kostsin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.,Establishment of Health "National Anti-Doping Laboratory", Lyasny, Belarus
| | - Kozue Yamazaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimozawa
- Division of Genomic Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Stephan Kemp
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J Wanders
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hirotatsu Kojima
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Imanaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
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24
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Hou ZS, Ulloa-Aguirre A, Tao YX. Pharmacoperone drugs: targeting misfolded proteins causing lysosomal storage-, ion channels-, and G protein-coupled receptors-associated conformational disorders. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018; 11:611-624. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1480367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shuai Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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25
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Hwang TC, Yeh JT, Zhang J, Yu YC, Yeh HI, Destefano S. Structural mechanisms of CFTR function and dysfunction. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:539-570. [PMID: 29581173 PMCID: PMC5881446 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hwang et al. integrate new structural insights with prior functional studies to reveal the functional anatomy of CFTR chloride channels. Cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel plays a critical role in regulating transepithelial movement of water and electrolyte in exocrine tissues. Malfunction of the channel because of mutations of the cftr gene results in CF, the most prevalent lethal genetic disease among Caucasians. Recently, the publication of atomic structures of CFTR in two distinct conformations provides, for the first time, a clear overview of the protein. However, given the highly dynamic nature of the interactions among CFTR’s various domains, better understanding of the functional significance of these structures requires an integration of these new structural insights with previously established biochemical/biophysical studies, which is the goal of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzyh-Chang Hwang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO .,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Jiunn-Tyng Yeh
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Han-I Yeh
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Samantha Destefano
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Brasil S, Briso-Montiano A, Gámez A, Underhaug J, Flydal M, Desviat L, Merinero B, Ugarte M, Martinez A, Pérez B. New perspectives for pharmacological chaperoning treatment in methylmalonic aciduria cblB type. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:640-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Van der Plas SE, Kelgtermans H, De Munck T, Martina SLX, Dropsit S, Quinton E, De Blieck A, Joannesse C, Tomaskovic L, Jans M, Christophe T, van der Aar E, Borgonovi M, Nelles L, Gees M, Stouten P, Van Der Schueren J, Mammoliti O, Conrath K, Andrews M. Discovery of N-(3-Carbamoyl-5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-5,7-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyran-2-yl)-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (GLPG1837), a Novel Potentiator Which Can Open Class III Mutant Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Channels to a High Extent. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1425-1435. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Kelgtermans
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Tom De Munck
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | | | - Evelyne Quinton
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ann De Blieck
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Linda Tomaskovic
- Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Mia Jans
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | | | - Monica Borgonovi
- Galapagos SASU, 102
Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Luc Nelles
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Maarten Gees
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Pieter Stouten
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Oscar Mammoliti
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Katja Conrath
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Martin Andrews
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
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Abstract
Pharmacological chaperones (PCs) are small molecules that bind to nascent protein targets to facilitate their biogenesis. The ability of PCs to assist in the folding and subsequent forward trafficking of disease-causative protein misfolding mutants has opened new avenues for the treatment of conformational diseases such as cystic fibrosis and lysosomal storage disorders. In this chapter, an overview of the use of PCs for the treatment of conformational disorders is provided. Beyond the therapeutic application of PCs for the treatment of these disorders, pharmacological chaperoning of wild-type integral membrane proteins is discussed. Central to this discussion is the notion that the endoplasmic reticulum is a reservoir of viable but inefficiently processed wild-type protein folding intermediates whose biogenesis can be facilitated by PCs to increase functional pools. To date, the potential therapeutic use of PCs to enhance the biogenesis of wild-type proteins has received little attention. Here the rationale for the development of PCs that target WT proteins is discussed. Also considered is the likelihood that some commonly used therapeutic agents may exert unrecognized pharmacological chaperoning activity on wild-type targets in patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Leidenheimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Hanrahan JW, Matthes E, Carlile G, Thomas DY. Corrector combination therapies for F508del-CFTR. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 34:105-111. [PMID: 29080476 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
These are exciting times in the development of therapeutics for cystic fibrosis (CF). New correctors and potentiators of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are being developed in academic laboratories and pharmaceutical companies, and the field is just beginning to understand their mechanisms of action. Studies of CFTR modulators are also yielding insight into the general principles and strategies that can be used when developing pharmacological chaperones, a new class of drugs. Combining two or even three correctors with a potentiator is an especially promising approach which should lead to further improvements in efficacy and clinical benefit for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada; CF Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Hospital Centre, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Matthes
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada; CF Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Canada
| | - Graeme Carlile
- CF Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Canada
| | - David Y Thomas
- CF Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Canada
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Okamoto CT. Regulation of Transporters and Channels by Membrane-Trafficking Complexes in Epithelial Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:a027839. [PMID: 28246186 PMCID: PMC5666629 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The vectorial secretion and absorption of fluid and solutes by epithelial cells is dependent on the polarized expression of membrane solute transporters and channels at the apical and basolateral membranes. The establishment and maintenance of this polarized expression of transporters and channels are affected by divers protein-trafficking complexes. Moreover, regulation of the magnitude of transport is often under control of physiological stimuli, again through the interaction of transporters and channels with protein-trafficking complexes. This review highlights the value in utilizing transporters and channels as cargo to characterize core trafficking machinery by which epithelial cells establish and maintain their polarized expression, and how this machinery regulates fluid and solute transport in response to physiological stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis T Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9121
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31
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Kristof AS, Petrof BJ, Hamid Q, Kolb M, Landry JS, MacKenzie A, McCormack FX, Murawski IJ, Moss J, Rauch F, Rosas IO, Shapiro AJ, Smith BM, Thomas DY, Trapnell BC, Young LR, Zariwala MA. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: Translational Research in Rare Respiratory Diseases. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017; 14:1239-1247. [PMID: 28763267 PMCID: PMC5946685 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201705-406ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare respiratory diseases (RRDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that collectively represent a significant health care burden. In recent years, strong advocacy and policy initiatives have led to advances in the implementation of research and clinical care for rare diseases. The development of specialized centers and research networks has facilitated support for affected individuals as well as emerging programs in basic, translational, and clinical research. In selected RRDs, subsequent gains in knowledge have informed the development of targeted therapies and effective diagnostic tests, but many gaps persist. There was therefore a desire to identify the elements contributing to an effective translational research program in RRDs. To this end, a workshop was convened in October 2015 with a focus on the implementation of effective transnational research networks and collaborations aimed at developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Key elements included an emphasis on molecular pathogenesis, the continuing engagement of patient advocacy groups and policy makers, the effective use of preclinical models in the translational research pipeline, and the detailed phenotyping of patient cohorts. During the course of the workshop, current logistical and knowledge gaps were identified, and new solutions or opportunities were highlighted.
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32
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Volmar CH, Wahlestedt C, Brothers SP. Orphan diseases: state of the drug discovery art. Wien Med Wochenschr 2017; 167:197-204. [PMID: 26819216 PMCID: PMC4963293 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-015-0423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since 1983 more than 300 drugs have been developed and approved for orphan diseases. However, considering the development of novel diagnosis tools, the number of rare diseases vastly outpaces therapeutic discovery. Academic centers and nonprofit institutes are now at the forefront of rare disease R&D, partnering with pharmaceutical companies when academic researchers discover novel drugs or targets for specific diseases, thus reducing the failure risk and cost for pharmaceutical companies. Considerable progress has occurred in the art of orphan drug discovery, and a symbiotic relationship now exists between pharmaceutical industry, academia, and philanthropists that provides a useful framework for orphan disease therapeutic discovery. Here, the current state-of-the-art of drug discovery for orphan diseases is reviewed. Current technological approaches and challenges for drug discovery are considered, some of which can present somewhat unique challenges and opportunities in orphan diseases, including the potential for personalized medicine, gene therapy, and phenotypic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude-Henry Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB #416 (M860), 33136, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB #416 (M860), 33136, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shaun P Brothers
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB #416 (M860), 33136, Miami, FL, USA.
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33
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Beerepoot P, Nazari R, Salahpour A. Pharmacological chaperone approaches for rescuing GPCR mutants: Current state, challenges, and screening strategies. Pharmacol Res 2017; 117:242-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Adnan H, Zhang Z, Park HJ, Tailor C, Che C, Kamani M, Spitalny G, Binnington B, Lingwood C. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Subunit Toxins Provide a New Approach to Rescue Misfolded Mutant Proteins and Revert Cell Models of Genetic Diseases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166948. [PMID: 27935997 PMCID: PMC5147855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many germ line diseases stem from a relatively minor disturbance in mutant protein endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 3D assembly. Chaperones are recruited which, on failure to correct folding, sort the mutant for retrotranslocation and cytosolic proteasomal degradation (ER-associated degradation-ERAD), to initiate/exacerbate deficiency-disease symptoms. Several bacterial (and plant) subunit toxins, retrograde transport to the ER after initial cell surface receptor binding/internalization. The A subunit has evolved to mimic a misfolded protein and hijack the ERAD membrane translocon (dislocon), to effect cytosolic access and cytopathology. We show such toxins compete for ERAD to rescue endogenous misfolded proteins. Cholera toxin or verotoxin (Shiga toxin) containing genetically inactivated (± an N-terminal polyleucine tail) A subunit can, within 2–4 hrs, temporarily increase F508delCFTR protein, the major cystic fibrosis (CF) mutant (5-10x), F508delCFTR Golgi maturation (<10x), cell surface expression (20x) and chloride transport (2x) in F508del CFTR transfected cells and patient-derived F508delCFTR bronchiolar epithelia, without apparent cytopathology. These toxoids also increase glucocerobrosidase (GCC) in N370SGCC Gaucher Disease fibroblasts (3x), another ERAD–exacerbated misfiling disease. We identify a new, potentially benign approach to the treatment of certain genetic protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Adnan
- Division of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhenbo Zhang
- Division of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyun-Joo Park
- Division of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chetankumar Tailor
- Division of Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clare Che
- Division of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mustafa Kamani
- Division of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Beth Binnington
- Division of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clifford Lingwood
- Division of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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35
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Swanger SA, Chen W, Wells G, Burger PB, Tankovic A, Bhattacharya S, Strong KL, Hu C, Kusumoto H, Zhang J, Adams DR, Millichap JJ, Petrovski S, Traynelis SF, Yuan H. Mechanistic Insight into NMDA Receptor Dysregulation by Rare Variants in the GluN2A and GluN2B Agonist Binding Domains. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:1261-1280. [PMID: 27839871 PMCID: PMC5142120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy and intellectual disability are associated with rare variants in the GluN2A and GluN2B (encoded by GRIN2A and GRIN2B) subunits of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a ligand-gated ion channel with essential roles in brain development and function. By assessing genetic variation across GluN2 domains, we determined that the agonist binding domain, transmembrane domain, and the linker regions between these domains were particularly intolerant to functional variation. Notably, the agonist binding domain of GluN2B exhibited significantly more variation intolerance than that of GluN2A. To understand the ramifications of missense variation in the agonist binding domain, we investigated the mechanisms by which 25 rare variants in the GluN2A and GluN2B agonist binding domains dysregulated NMDAR activity. When introduced into recombinant human NMDARs, these rare variants identified in individuals with neurologic disease had complex, and sometimes opposing, consequences on agonist binding, channel gating, receptor biogenesis, and forward trafficking. Our approach combined quantitative assessments of these effects to estimate the overall impact on synaptic and non-synaptic NMDAR function. Interestingly, similar neurologic diseases were associated with both gain- and loss-of-function variants in the same gene. Most rare variants in GluN2A were associated with epilepsy, whereas GluN2B variants were associated with intellectual disability with or without seizures. Finally, discerning the mechanisms underlying NMDAR dysregulation by these rare variants allowed investigations of pharmacologic strategies to correct NMDAR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Swanger
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gordon Wells
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pieter B Burger
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anel Tankovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Katie L Strong
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hirofumi Kusumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David R Adams
- Undiagnosed Diseases Network, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John J Millichap
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Slavé Petrovski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Bui S, Macey J, Fayon M, Bihouée T, Burgel PR, Colomb V, Corvol H, Durieu I, Hubert D, Marguet C, Mas E, Munck A, Murris-Espin M, Reix P, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Nouvelles thérapeutiques ciblant le canal chlorure dans la mucoviscidose. Arch Pediatr 2016; 23:12S47-12S53. [PMID: 28231894 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(17)30062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Michl RK, Tabori H, Hentschel J, Beck JF, Mainz JG. Clinical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of cystic fibrosis and CFTR-related disorders. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:1177-1186. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1240032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Laselva O, Molinski S, Casavola V, Bear CE. The investigational Cystic Fibrosis drug Trimethylangelicin directly modulates CFTR by stabilizing the first membrane-spanning domain. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 119:85-92. [PMID: 27614011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The most common mutation, deletion of phenylalanine 508 (F508del), disrupts tertiary assembly, causing protein misprocessing and loss of CFTR function in epithelial tissues. Lumacaftor (VX-809) is a Class 1 corrector molecule shown to partially rescue misprocessing of F508del and together with the potentiator of channel activity: ivacaftor (VX-770) has been approved for treatment of CF patients homozygous for the F508del mutation. The specificity of these modulators for CFTR is thought to be conferred through direct binding. Trimethylangelicin (TMA) is a distinct small molecule modulator, previously shown to exhibit both corrector and potentiator activities. We were prompted to determine if TMA also mediates these activities by direct binding. Interestingly, we found that like VX-770, TMA was effective in enhancing anion efflux mediated by purified WT-CFTR reconstituted in phospholipid liposomes. Furthermore, like VX-809, TMA was effective in stabilizing the functional expression of CFTR lacking the regulatory "R" domain or second nucleotide-binding domain (NBD2). The smallest domain that was stabilized by TMA binding was the first membrane-spanning domain (MSD1) as previously observed for VX-809. Together, our findings support the claim that TMA binds directly to CFTR, and despite its distinct chemical structure, shares similar mechanisms as VX-770 and VX-809 to potentiate and stabilize CFTR, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy; Programme in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven Molinski
- Programme in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Valeria Casavola
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Christine E Bear
- Programme in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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39
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Timson DJ. The molecular basis of galactosemia — Past, present and future. Gene 2016; 589:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Kim WK, Yun S, Park CK, Bauer S, Kim J, Lee MG, Kim H. Sustained Mutant KIT Activation in the Golgi Complex Is Mediated by PKC-θ in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:845-856. [PMID: 27440273 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is driven by gain-of-function mutations in the KIT gene, which result in overexpression of activated mutant KIT proteins (MT-KIT). However, the mechanism of MT-KIT overexpression is poorly understood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN By protein expression analysis and immunofluorescent microscopic analysis, we determine the stability and localization of MT-KIT in four GIST cell lines with different mutations and HeLa cells transfected with mutant KIT model vectors. We also used 154 human GIST tissues to analyze the relationship between the expression of PKC-θ and MT-KITs, and correlations between PKC-θ overexpression and clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS We report that four different MT-KIT proteins are intrinsically less stable than wild-type KIT due to proteasome-mediated degradation and abnormally localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or the Golgi complex. By screening a MT-KIT-stabilizing factor, we find that PKC-θ is strongly and exclusively expressed in GISTs and interacts with intracellular MT-KIT to promote its stabilization by increased retention in the Golgi complex. In addition, Western blotting analysis using 50 GIST samples shows strong correlation between PKC-θ and MT-KIT expression (correlation coefficient = 0.682, P < 0.000001). Immunohistochemical analysis using 154 GISTs further demonstrates that PKC-θ overexpression significantly correlates with several clinicopathological parameters such as high tumor grade, frequent recurrence/metastasis, and poor patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that sustained MT-KIT overexpression through PKC-θ-mediated stabilization in the Golgi contributes to GIST progression and provides a rationale for anti-PKC-θ therapy in GISTs. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 845-56. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyu Kim
- Department of Pathology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Projects for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongJu Yun
- Department of Pathology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Projects for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Keun Park
- Department of Pathology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Projects for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Sarcoma Center, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomic Research Center for Membrane Transporters, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomic Research Center for Membrane Transporters, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoguen Kim
- Department of Pathology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Projects for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Veit G, Oliver K, Apaja PM, Perdomo D, Bidaud-Meynard A, Lin ST, Guo J, Icyuz M, Sorscher EJ, Hartman JL, Lukacs GL. Ribosomal Stalk Protein Silencing Partially Corrects the ΔF508-CFTR Functional Expression Defect. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002462. [PMID: 27168400 PMCID: PMC4864299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common cystic fibrosis (CF) causing mutation, deletion of phenylalanine 508 (ΔF508 or Phe508del), results in functional expression defect of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) at the apical plasma membrane (PM) of secretory epithelia, which is attributed to the degradation of the misfolded channel at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Deletion of phenylalanine 670 (ΔF670) in the yeast oligomycin resistance 1 gene (YOR1, an ABC transporter) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae phenocopies the ΔF508-CFTR folding and trafficking defects. Genome-wide phenotypic (phenomic) analysis of the Yor1-ΔF670 biogenesis identified several modifier genes of mRNA processing and translation, which conferred oligomycin resistance to yeast. Silencing of orthologues of these candidate genes enhanced the ΔF508-CFTR functional expression at the apical PM in human CF bronchial epithelia. Although knockdown of RPL12, a component of the ribosomal stalk, attenuated the translational elongation rate, it increased the folding efficiency as well as the conformational stability of the ΔF508-CFTR, manifesting in 3-fold augmented PM density and function of the mutant. Combination of RPL12 knockdown with the corrector drug, VX-809 (lumacaftor) restored the mutant function to ~50% of the wild-type channel in primary CFTRΔF508/ΔF508 human bronchial epithelia. These results and the observation that silencing of other ribosomal stalk proteins partially rescue the loss-of-function phenotype of ΔF508-CFTR suggest that the ribosomal stalk modulates the folding efficiency of the mutant and is a potential therapeutic target for correction of the ΔF508-CFTR folding defect. Reducing the rate of translational elongation by silencing ribosomal stalk proteins ameliorates the folding and stability defect of the cystic fibrosis mutant protein ΔF508-CFTR, partially restoring the plasma membrane chloride conductance. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases in Caucasians. It is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which functions as an anion channel at the apical plasma membrane of secretory epithelia. The most common CF mutation, a deletion of the phenylalanine residue at position 508 (ΔF508), results in the channel misfolding and subsequent intracellular degradation. Our previous genome-wide phenotypic screens, using a yeast variant, have predicted modifier genes for ΔF508-CFTR biogenesis. Here, we show that silencing of one of these candidate genes, RPL12, a component of the ribosomal stalk, increased the folding and stabilization of ΔF508-CFTR, resulting in its increased plasma membrane expression and function. Our data suggest that reducing the translational elongation rate via RPL12 silencing can partially reverse the ΔF508-CFTR folding defect. Importantly, RPL12 silencing in combination with the corrector drug VX-809 (lumacaftor), increased the mutant function to 50% of the wild-type CFTR channel, suggesting that the ribosomal stalk perturbation may represent a therapeutic target for rescuing the ΔF508-CFTR biogenesis defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Veit
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathryn Oliver
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Pirjo M. Apaja
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Doranda Perdomo
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sheng-Ting Lin
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jingyu Guo
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mert Icyuz
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Sorscher
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John L. Hartman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JLH); (GLL)
| | - Gergely L. Lukacs
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines (GRASP), McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (JLH); (GLL)
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42
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Hildebrandt E, Mulky A, Ding H, Dai Q, Aleksandrov AA, Bajrami B, Diego PA, Wu X, Ray M, Naren AP, Riordan JR, Yao X, DeLucas LJ, Urbatsch IL, Kappes JC. A stable human-cell system overexpressing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator recombinant protein at the cell surface. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 57:391-405. [PMID: 25577540 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent human clinical trials results demonstrated successful treatment for certain genetic forms of cystic fibrosis (CF). To extend treatment opportunities to those afflicted with other genetic forms of CF disease, structural and biophysical characterization of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is urgently needed. In this study, CFTR was modified with various tags, including a His10 purification tag, the SUMOstar (SUMO*) domain, an extracellular FLAG epitope, and an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), each alone or in various combinations. Expressed in HEK293 cells, recombinant CFTR proteins underwent complex glycosylation, compartmentalized with the plasma membrane, and exhibited regulated chloride-channel activity with only modest alterations in channel conductance and gating kinetics. Surface CFTR expression level was enhanced by the presence of SUMO* on the N-terminus. Quantitative mass-spectrometric analysis indicated approximately 10% of the total recombinant CFTR (SUMO*-CFTR(FLAG)-EGFP) localized to the plasma membrane. Trial purification using dodecylmaltoside for membrane protein extraction reproducibly recovered 178 ± 56 μg SUMO*-CFTR(FLAG)-EGFP per billion cells at 80% purity. Fluorescence size-exclusion chromatography indicated purified CFTR was monodisperse. These findings demonstrate a stable mammalian cell expression system capable of producing human CFTR of sufficient quality and quantity to augment future CF drug discovery efforts, including biophysical and structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Hildebrandt
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430
| | - Alok Mulky
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Qun Dai
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Andrei A Aleksandrov
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Pamela Ann Diego
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Marjorie Ray
- Department of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - John R Riordan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Lawrence J DeLucas
- Department of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ina L Urbatsch
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294.,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294.,Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, AL 35233
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43
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Meijer L, Nelson DJ, Riazanski V, Gabdoulkhakova AG, Hery-Arnaud G, Le Berre R, Loaëc N, Oumata N, Galons H, Nowak E, Gueganton L, Dorothée G, Prochazkova M, Hall B, Kulkarni AB, Gray RD, Rossi AG, Witko-Sarsat V, Norez C, Becq F, Ravel D, Mottier D, Rault G. Modulating Innate and Adaptive Immunity by (R)-Roscovitine: Potential Therapeutic Opportunity in Cystic Fibrosis. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:330-49. [PMID: 26987072 DOI: 10.1159/000444256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(R)-Roscovitine, a pharmacological inhibitor of kinases, is currently in phase II clinical trial as a drug candidate for the treatment of cancers, Cushing's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. We here review the data that support the investigation of (R)-roscovitine as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). (R)-Roscovitine displays four independent properties that may favorably combine against CF: (1) it partially protects F508del-CFTR from proteolytic degradation and favors its trafficking to the plasma membrane; (2) by increasing membrane targeting of the TRPC6 ion channel, it rescues acidification in phagolysosomes of CF alveolar macrophages (which show abnormally high pH) and consequently restores their bactericidal activity; (3) its effects on neutrophils (induction of apoptosis), eosinophils (inhibition of degranulation/induction of apoptosis) and lymphocytes (modification of the Th17/Treg balance in favor of the differentiation of anti-inflammatory lymphocytes and reduced production of various interleukins, notably IL-17A) contribute to the resolution of inflammation and restoration of innate immunity, and (4) roscovitine displays analgesic properties in animal pain models. The fact that (R)-roscovitine has undergone extensive preclinical safety/pharmacology studies, and phase I and II clinical trials in cancer patients, encourages its repurposing as a CF drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Meijer
- Centre de Perharidy, ManRos Therapeutics, Roscoff, France
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44
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Matthes E, Goepp J, Carlile GW, Luo Y, Dejgaard K, Billet A, Robert R, Thomas DY, Hanrahan JW. Low free drug concentration prevents inhibition of F508del CFTR functional expression by the potentiator VX-770 (ivacaftor). Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:459-70. [PMID: 26492939 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The most common cystic fibrosis (CF) mutation F508del inhibits the gating and surface expression of CFTR, a plasma membrane anion channel. Optimal pharmacotherapies will probably require both a 'potentiator' to increase channel open probability and a 'corrector' that improves folding and trafficking of the mutant protein and its stability at the cell surface. Interaction between CF drugs has been reported but remains poorly understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CF bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to the corrector VX-809 (lumacaftor) and potentiator VX-770 (ivacaftor) individually or in combination. Functional expression of CFTR was assayed as the forskolin-stimulated short-circuit current (Isc ) across airway epithelial monolayers expressing F508del CFTR. KEY RESULTS The potentiated Isc response during forskolin stimulation was increased sixfold after pretreatment with VX-809 alone and reached ~11% that measured across non-CF monolayers. VX-770 (100 nM) and genistein (50 μM) caused similar levels of potentiation, which were not additive and were abolished by the CFTR inhibitor CFTRinh -172. The unbound fraction of VX-770 in plasma was 0.13 ± 0.04%, which together with previous measurements in patients given 250 mg p.o. twice daily, suggests a peak free plasma concentration of 1.5-8.5 nM. Chronic exposure to high VX-770 concentrations (>1 μM) inhibited functional correction by VX-809 but not in the presence of physiological protein levels (20-40 mg·mL(-1) ). Chronic exposure to a low concentration of VX-770 (100 nM) together with VX-809 (1 μM) also did not reduce the forskolin-stimulated Isc , relative to cells chronically exposed to VX-809 alone, provided it was assayed acutely using the same, clinically relevant concentration of potentiator. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Chronic exposure to clinically relevant concentrations of VX-770 did not reduce F508del CFTR function. Therapeutic benefit of VX-770 + VX-809 (Orkambi) is probably limited by the efficacy of VX-809 rather than by inhibition by VX-770.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Matthes
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CF Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Goepp
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CF Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Graeme W Carlile
- CF Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yishan Luo
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CF Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kurt Dejgaard
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Billet
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CF Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Renaud Robert
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CF Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David Y Thomas
- CF Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CF Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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45
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Brennan ML, Schrijver I. Cystic Fibrosis: A Review of Associated Phenotypes, Use of Molecular Diagnostic Approaches, Genetic Characteristics, Progress, and Dilemmas. J Mol Diagn 2015; 18:3-14. [PMID: 26631874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease with significant associated morbidity and mortality. It is now appreciated that the broad phenotypic CF spectrum is not explained by obvious genotype-phenotype correlations, suggesting that CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-related disease may occur because of multiple additive effects. These contributing effects include complex CFTR alleles, modifier genes, mutations in alternative genes that produce CF-like phenotypes, epigenetic factors, and environmental influences. Most patients in the United States are now diagnosed through newborn screening and use of molecular testing methods. We review the molecular testing approaches and laboratory guidelines for carrier screening, prenatal testing, newborn screening, and clinical diagnostic testing, as well as recent developments in CF treatment, and reasons for the lack of a molecular diagnosis in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Brennan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Iris Schrijver
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.
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46
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Personalized Pharmacoperones for Lysosomal Storage Disorder: Approach for Next-Generation Treatment. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 102:225-65. [PMID: 26827607 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a collection of inborn errors of metabolic disorders affected by mutations in lysosome functional genes, commonly acid hydrolases. From the past decades, many approaches like enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy are followed to treat these conditions. However, all these approaches have their own limitations. Proof-of-concept studies on pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT) is now transformed into clinical practice to treat LSDs. Furthermore, it is narrowed with individuals to chaperone sensitive, specific mutations. Hence, personalizing the PCT will be a new direction to combat LSDs. In this review, we have discussed the available clinical strategies and pointed the light on how pharmacological chaperones can be personalized and hopeful to be a next-generation approach to address LSDs.
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47
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Finding new drugs to enhance anion secretion in cystic fibrosis: Toward suitable systems for better drug screening. Report on the pre-conference meeting to the 12th ECFS Basic Science Conference, Albufeira, 25-28 March 2015. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14:700-5. [PMID: 26474804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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48
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Napolitano F, Sirci F, Carrella D, di Bernardo D. Drug-set enrichment analysis: a novel tool to investigate drug mode of action. Bioinformatics 2015; 32:235-41. [PMID: 26415724 PMCID: PMC4795590 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Automated screening approaches are able to rapidly identify a set of small molecules inducing a desired phenotype from large small-molecule libraries. However, the resulting set of candidate molecules is usually very diverse pharmacologically, thus little insight on the shared mechanism of action (MoA) underlying their efficacy can be gained. RESULTS We introduce a computational method (Drug-Set Enrichment Analysis-DSEA) based on drug-induced gene expression profiles, which is able to identify the molecular pathways that are targeted by most of the drugs in the set. By diluting drug-specific effects unrelated to the phenotype of interest, DSEA is able to highlight phenotype-specific pathways, thus helping to formulate hypotheses on the MoA shared by the drugs in the set. We validated the method by analysing five different drug-sets related to well-known pharmacological classes. We then applied DSEA to identify the MoA shared by drugs known to be partially effective in rescuing mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene function in Cystic Fibrosis. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The method is implemented as an online web tool publicly available at http://dsea.tigem.it. CONTACT dibernardo@tigem.it SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Napolitano
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Lab, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy and
| | - Francesco Sirci
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Lab, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy and
| | - Diego Carrella
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Lab, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy and
| | - Diego di Bernardo
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Lab, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy and Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
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49
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Phuan PW, Veit G, Tan JA, Finkbeiner WE, Lukacs GL, Verkman AS. Potentiators of Defective ΔF508-CFTR Gating that Do Not Interfere with Corrector Action. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:791-9. [PMID: 26245207 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.099689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination drug therapies under development for cystic fibrosis caused by the ∆F508 mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) include a "corrector" to improve its cellular processing and a "potentiator" to improve its chloride channel function. Recently, it was reported that the approved potentiator N-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (Ivacaftor) reduces ∆F508-CFTR cellular stability and the efficacy of investigational correctors, including 3-(6-[([1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl) amino]-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-benzoic acid and 1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(1-[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-6-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl), which might contribute to the modest reported efficacy of combination therapy in clinical trials. Here, we report the identification and characterization of potentiators that do not interfere with ∆F508-CFTR stability or corrector action. High-throughput screening and structure-activity analysis identified several classes of potentiators that do not impair corrector action, including tetrahydrobenzothiophenes, thiooxoaminothiazoles, and pyrazole-pyrrole-isoxazoles. The most potent compounds have an EC(50) for ∆F508-CFTR potentiation down to 18 nM and do not reduce corrector efficacy in heterologous ∆F508-CFTR-expressing cells or primary cultures of ∆F508/∆F508 human bronchial epithelia. The ΔF508-CFTR potentiators also activated wild-type and G551D CFTR, albeit weakly. The efficacy of combination therapy for cystic fibrosis caused by the ∆F508 mutation may be improved by replacement of Ivacaftor with a potentiator that does not interfere with corrector action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puay-Wah Phuan
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology (P.-W.P., J.A.T., A.S.V.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.F.), University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physiology and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéine (G.V., G.L.L.) and Department of Biochemistry (G.L.L.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guido Veit
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology (P.-W.P., J.A.T., A.S.V.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.F.), University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physiology and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéine (G.V., G.L.L.) and Department of Biochemistry (G.L.L.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph A Tan
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology (P.-W.P., J.A.T., A.S.V.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.F.), University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physiology and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéine (G.V., G.L.L.) and Department of Biochemistry (G.L.L.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Walter E Finkbeiner
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology (P.-W.P., J.A.T., A.S.V.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.F.), University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physiology and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéine (G.V., G.L.L.) and Department of Biochemistry (G.L.L.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gergely L Lukacs
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology (P.-W.P., J.A.T., A.S.V.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.F.), University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physiology and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéine (G.V., G.L.L.) and Department of Biochemistry (G.L.L.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - A S Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology (P.-W.P., J.A.T., A.S.V.) and Department of Pathology (W.E.F.), University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Physiology and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéine (G.V., G.L.L.) and Department of Biochemistry (G.L.L.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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50
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Schlebach JP, Narayan M, Alford C, Mittendorf KF, Carter BD, Li J, Sanders CR. Conformational Stability and Pathogenic Misfolding of the Integral Membrane Protein PMP22. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8758-68. [PMID: 26102530 PMCID: PMC4507940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
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Despite broad biochemical
relevance, our understanding of the physiochemical
reactions that limit the assembly and cellular trafficking of integral
membrane proteins remains superficial. In this work, we report the
first experimental assessment of the relationship between the conformational
stability of a eukaryotic membrane protein and the degree to which
it is retained by cellular quality control in the secretory pathway.
We quantitatively assessed both the conformational equilibrium and
cellular trafficking of 12 variants of the α-helical membrane
protein peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22), the intracellular misfolding
of which is known to cause peripheral neuropathies associated with
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT). We show that the
extent to which these mutations influence the energetics of Zn(II)-mediated
PMP22 folding is proportional to the observed reduction in cellular
trafficking efficiency. Strikingly, quantitative analyses also reveal
that the reduction of motor nerve conduction velocities in affected
patients is proportional to the extent of the mutagenic destabilization.
This finding provides compelling evidence that the effects of these
mutations on the energetics of PMP22 folding lie at the heart of the
molecular basis of CMT. These findings highlight conformational stability
as a key factor governing membrane protein biogenesis and suggest
novel therapeutic strategies for CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine Alford
- #Flow Cytometry Core, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | - Jun Li
- ⊥Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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