An intentional approach to the development and implementation of meaningful assessment in advanced radiation therapy practice curricula

From novice to Expert: Reducing Breast Imaging rejection rates through physician mentorship in Advanced Practice Radiation therapy

Purpose

The study's goal was to evaluate the impact of a Radiation Oncologist (RO)-Radiation Therapist (RTT) mentorship on image approval rates for a breast population undergoing radiation therapy in a high-volume practice. The mentorship was undertaken within a large health system in partial fulfillment of the Expert Practice Module for a Masters (MSc) in Advanced Practice Radiotherapy and Oncology.

Methods

Images were retrieved from the MOSAIQ EMR on breast diagnostic code. 1,295 images/115 patients were reviewed pre-mentorship (October 2019-March 2020) and compared with 1,047 images/91patients during/post-mentorship (April 2020-September 2020). The Anderson-Gill (AG) model was used to estimate the hazard ratio for image rejection. Rejected images were classified by reason and compared using Fisher's exact test. Concordance data (RO/RTT image rejection) were collected during Phase Three of the mentorship.

Results

Of 115 patients assessed pre-mentorship, 16 (14 %) had at least 1 image rejected at any session. Of 91 patients assessed post-mentorship, 8 (9 %) had at least 1 image rejected. Likelihood of image rejection decreased by 54 %, with a hazard ratio of 0.46 [95 % CI: 0.24, 0.88]; p = 0.0195. Reasons for image rejection differed pre- and post-mentorship. Poor imaging technique accounted for rejection of 9 of 24 images (37.5 %) before compared to 0 of 11 images (0 %) post-mentorship. Other reasons for image rejection: depth at isocenter (25 % pre-mentorship; 18 % post-mentorship), supraclavicular medial border position (12.5 % vs. 9.09 %), isocenter location (12.5 % vs. 0 %), arm position (4.17 % vs. 54.55 %); hip alignment (8.33 % vs. 18.18 %). Concordance rate was 100 %.

Conclusions

The mentorship proved successful in elevating the RTT's skills and image approval rates, while contributing to improvements in departmental imaging best practices.

Advanced practice in radiotherapy across Europe: stakeholders' perceptions of implementation and evolution

INTRODUCTION

Adapting radiotherapy services with workforce innovation using skills-mix or task-shifting optimises resources, supporting current and future demands. Advanced practitioners (APs) work at a different level of practice (beyond initial registration) across four pillars: clinical practice, leadership and management, education, and research. There is limited cross-country research on the advanced therapeutic radiographers/radiation therapists (TR/RTTs), particularly in Europe. This study aimed to investigate European radiotherapy stakeholders' perceptions regarding current and future advanced practice (AP).

METHODS

From June to September 2022, one-to-one online semi-structured interviews were conducted in English, and audio and video were recorded. Full verbatim audio files were independently transcribed and checked by interviewer and interviewees. Braun and Clarke's seven steps guided the thematic analysis (using NVivo).

RESULTS

Thirty-three interviewees working or studying in 16 European countries represented practitioners (n=14), managers (n=6), educators (n=4), professional bodies (n=4), students (n=3), and regulators (n=2). Four overarching themes emerged: "AP drivers and outcomes", "AP challenges vs enablers", "Current vs future AP", "Becoming and being advanced practitioner". Participants identified research as the neglected AP pillar due to a lack of protected time, limited staff skills, no research culture, no funding, workload, and clinical priorities. Interviewees highlighted the importance of consistency in job titles, harmonisation of education models and curricula, definition of AP requirements, and support for all AP pillars through job plans and workforce planning.

CONCLUSION

Neither the profession nor education of TR/RTTs are harmonised across Europe, which is highly reflected in advanced-level practice. Advanced TR/RTTs should work across all pillars, including research, and these should be embedded in master's programmes, including leadership.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

This study highlights a policy gap in the education and practice of APs in radiotherapy.

Overcoming uncertainty: A framework to guide the implementation of Australian radiation therapy advanced practitioners

INTRODUCTION

The implementation of radiation therapy advanced practice in Australia has not yet been broadly realised. With anticipated growing demands on cancer services, it is imperative to understand why this is the case, and to strategise a way forward. As a result, we explored the factors influencing the implementation of advanced practitioner radiation therapists (APRT) in Australia. The research outcome was a complex process of Navigating Uncertainty, which described the contextual, social and personal factors surrounding implementation successes and challenges. Further synthesis of the findings was undertaken to highlight the fundamental features influencing this process, with the intention to provide a useful understanding for practitioners seeking APRT implementation.

METHODS

Data were collected through national online focus groups and case studies with 53 participants. Analysis identified a constructivist grounded theory process of Navigating Uncertainty. Further analysis of the categories and properties of the process was undertaken to synthesise findings at a higher level of abstraction.

RESULTS

Four overarching and intertwined factors were influencing the implementation of APRT. Uncertainty occurred when practitioners attempted to conceptualise and assimilate the new role into the workplace. Power was apparent in the advocacy and legitimisation of the APRT by centre leaders. Value was vital to achieving purposeful outcomes. Identity was evident in the personal transition of the APRT, and in the boundary work with others.

CONCLUSION

Recognising and negotiating uncertainty, power, value and identity is essential for APRT implementation strategies to succeed. A framework to guide practitioners towards the implementation of APRT has been described that embodies these factors.