1
|
Rai S, Singh DK, Kumar A. Microbial, environmental and anthropogenic factors influencing the indoor microbiome of the built environment. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:267-292. [PMID: 33522603 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A built environment is a human-made environment providing surroundings for human occupancy, activities, and settlement. It is supposed to safeguard humans from all undesirable and harmful pollutants; however, indoor concentrations of some pollutants are much greater than that of the outdoors. Bioaerosols infiltrate from the outdoors in addition to many indoor sources of bioaerosols including the use of various chemicals as well as activities like cooking, smoking, cleaning, or even normal movement. They are also associated with a number of serious health concerns. Various ecological factors associated with the generation, the persistence as well as the dispersal of these microbial components of indoor bioaerosols, are discussed in this review, that have not been considered all together till now. The factors like microbial taxa, environmental factors, and anthropogenic activities (human occupancy, activities, and impact of urbanization) are addressed in the review. Effects of both indoor environmental factors like architectural design, lighting, ventilation, temperature, humidity, indoor/outdoor ratio, particulate matter, indoor chemistry as well as outdoor environmental factors like geography, seasons, and meteorology on the microbial concentrations have been discussed. Efforts are underway to design selective pressures for microbes to create a healthy symbiotic built microbiome as the "right" indoor microbiome is a "healthy" indoor microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Rai
- Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Dileep K Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liebers V, Brüning T, Raulf M. Occupational endotoxin exposure and health effects. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3629-3644. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
3
|
Abstract
Airborne microorganisms are very difficult to assess accurately under field conditions owing to differences in the sample collection efficiency of the selected sampler and variations in DNA extraction efficiencies. Consequently, bioaerosol abundance and biodiversity can be underestimated, making it more difficult to link specific bioaerosol components to diseases and human health risk. Owing to the low biomass in air samples, it remains a challenge to obtain a representative microbiological sample to recover sufficient DNA for downstream analyses. Improved sampling methods are particularly crucial, especially for investigating viral communities, owing to the extremely low biomass of viral particles in the air compared with other environments. Without detailed information about sampling, characterization and enumeration techniques, interpretation of exposure level is very difficult. Despite this, bioaerosol research has been enhanced by molecular tools, especially next-generation sequencing approaches that have allowed faster and more detailed characterization of air samples.
Collapse
|
4
|
Boucher M, Blais Lecours P, Létourneau V, Veillette M, Duchaine C, Marsolais D. Organic components of airborne dust influence the magnitude and kinetics of dendritic cell activation. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:391-398. [PMID: 29709566 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosol exposure in highly contaminated occupational settings is associated with an increased risk of disease. Yet, few determinants allow for accurate prediction of the immunopathogenic potential of complex bioaerosols. Since dendritic cells are instrumental to the initiation of immunopathological reactions, we studied how dendritic cell activation was modified in response to individual agents, combined microbial agents, or air sample eluates from highly contaminated environmental settings. We found that combinations of agents accelerated and enhanced the activation of in vitro-generated murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell cultures, when compared to individual agents. We also determined that endotoxins are not sufficient to predict the potential of air samples to induce bone marrow-derived dendritic cell activation, especially when endotoxin levels are low. Importantly, bone marrow-derived dendritic cell activation stratified samples from three environmental settings (swine barns, dairy barns, and wastewater treatment plants) according to their air quality status. As a whole, these results support the notion that the interplay between bioaerosol components impacts on their ability to activate dendritic cells and that bone marrow-derived dendritic cell cultures are promising tools to study the immunomodulatory impact of air samples and their components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magali Boucher
- Centre de recherche, l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pascale Blais Lecours
- Centre de recherche, l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Létourneau
- Centre de recherche, l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Veillette
- Centre de recherche, l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Centre de recherche, l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David Marsolais
- Centre de recherche, l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cimmino A, Masi M, Evidente M, Superchi S, Evidente A. Application of Mosher’s method for absolute configuration assignment to bioactive plants and fungi metabolites. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 144:59-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
6
|
Labrèche F, Duguay P, Ostiguy C, Boucher A, Roberge B, Peters CE, Demers PA. Estimating occupational exposure to carcinogens in Quebec. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:1040-50. [PMID: 23804516 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We estimated the extent of exposure to occupational carcinogens in Quebec, Canada, to help raise awareness of occupational cancers. METHODS Proportions of workers exposed to 21 recognized and 17 probable carcinogens (according to Quebec occupational health regulation and the International Agency for Research on Cancer [IARC] classification) were extracted from various sources: workplace monitoring data, research projects, a population survey, radiation protection data, exposure estimates from the Carcinogen Exposure Canada (CAREX Canada) Project database, and published exposure data. These proportions were applied to Quebec labor force data. RESULTS Among the 38 studied, carcinogens with the largest proportions of exposed workers were solar radiation (6.6% of workers), night shift work/rotating shift work including nights (6.0%), diesel exhaust fumes (4.4%), wood dust (2.9%) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (2.0%). More than 15 carcinogens were identified in several industrial sectors, and up to 100,000 young workers are employed in these sectors. CONCLUSION Although crude, estimates obtained with different data sources allow identification of research and intervention priorities for cancer in Quebec.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrice Duguay
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST); Montréal; Québec; Canada
| | | | - Alexandre Boucher
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST); Montréal; Québec; Canada
| | - Brigitte Roberge
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST); Montréal; Québec; Canada
| | - Cheryl E. Peters
- CAREX Canada, School of Population and Public Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver; British Columbia; Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Assessment of Nanoparticle Release from Polyamide 6- and Polypropylene-Silicon Composites and Cytotoxicity in Human Lung A549 Cells. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-013-9856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
8
|
Seasonal variations of indoor microbial exposures and their relation to temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:8289-97. [PMID: 23001651 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02069-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor microbial exposure has been related to adverse pulmonary health effects. Exposure assessment is not standardized, and various factors may affect the measured exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal variation of selected microbial exposures and their associations with temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rates in Danish homes. Airborne inhalable dust was sampled in five Danish homes throughout the four seasons of 1 year (indoors, n = 127; outdoors, n = 37). Measurements included culturable fungi and bacteria, endotoxin, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase, total inflammatory potential, particles (0.75 to 15 μm), temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rates. Significant seasonal variation was found for all indoor microbial exposures, excluding endotoxin. Indoor fungi peaked in summer (median, 235 CFU/m(3)) and were lowest in winter (median, 26 CFU/m(3)). Indoor bacteria peaked in spring (median, 2,165 CFU/m(3)) and were lowest in summer (median, 240 CFU/m(3)). Concentrations of fungi were predominately higher outdoors than indoors, whereas bacteria, endotoxin, and inhalable dust concentrations were highest indoors. Bacteria and endotoxin correlated with the mass of inhalable dust and number of particles. Temperature and air exchange rates were positively associated with fungi and N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase and negatively with bacteria and the total inflammatory potential. Although temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rates were significantly associated with several indoor microbial exposures, they could not fully explain the observed seasonal variations when tested in a mixed statistical model. In conclusion, the season significantly affects indoor microbial exposures, which are influenced by temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rates.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma LY, Liu WZ, Shen L, Huang YL, Rong XG, Xu YY, Gao XD. Spiroketals, isocoumarin, and indoleformic acid derivatives from saline soil derived fungus Penicillium raistrickii. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|