1
|
Intharuksa A, Arunotayanun W, Yooin W, Sirisa-ard P. A Comprehensive Review of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and Its Constituents as Potential Lead Compounds for COVID-19 Drug Discovery. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144479. [PMID: 35889352 PMCID: PMC9316804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has intensively disrupted global health, economics, and well-being. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees has been used as a complementary treatment for COVID-19 in several Asian countries. This review aimed to summarize the information available regarding A. paniculata and its constituents, to provide critical points relating to its pharmacological properties, safety, and efficacy, revealing its potential to serve as a source of lead compounds for COVID-19 drug discovery. A. paniculata and its active compounds possess favorable antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antipyretic activities that could be beneficial for COVID-19 treatment. Interestingly, recent in silico and in vitro studies have revealed that the active ingredients in A. paniculata showed promising activities against 3CLpro and its virus-specific target protein, human hACE2 protein; they also inhibit infectious virion production. Moreover, existing publications regarding randomized controlled trials demonstrated that the use of A. paniculata alone or in combination was superior to the placebo in reducing the severity of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) manifestations, especially as part of early treatment, without serious side effects. Taken together, its chemical and biological properties, especially its antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2, clinical trials on URTI, and the safety of A. paniculata, as discussed in this review, support the argument that A. paniculata is a promising natural source for drug discovery regarding COVID-19 post-infectious treatment, rather than prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aekkhaluck Intharuksa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.I.); (W.Y.); (P.S.-a.)
| | - Warunya Arunotayanun
- Kanchanabhishek Institute of Medical and Public Health Technology, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Nonthaburi 11150, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Wipawadee Yooin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.I.); (W.Y.); (P.S.-a.)
| | - Panee Sirisa-ard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.I.); (W.Y.); (P.S.-a.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sundhani E, Lukitaningsih E, Nurrochmad A, Nugroho AE. Potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) and andrographolide: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Herb–drug interactions (HDIs) in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can occur when natural compounds are used in combination with drugs. This study aimed to review the potential interaction of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) extract (APE) and its primary compound andrographolide (AND) with several drugs exhibiting various pharmacological activities.Methods: In this systematic review, articles were collected from international databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Scopus until August 2021. The following keywords were used: Andrographis paniculata, andrographolide, HDI, drug interaction, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacology. This review was written in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), SYRCLE’s risk of bias (RoB) tool for animal intervention studies, and Cochrane RoB 2 tool to analyze the RoB for qualitative assessment.Results: Twelve articles were included in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. Five studies explored the potential of HDIs for combining APE with drugs and AND with theophylline, etoricoxib, nabumetone, naproxen, and tolbutamide. Five studies focused on AND in combination with aminophylline and doxofylline, meloxicam, glyburide, glimepiride, metformin, and warfarin. Two studies tested the combination of APE with gliclazide and midazolam. The HDI mechanism involving the inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 enzyme expression was dominant in influencing the drug’s pharmacokinetic profile. Pharmacological studies on the combination of several drugs, particularly anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic drugs, showed a synergistic activity.Conclusion: APE and AND have potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic HDIs with various drugs. This study can be used as a therapeutic consideration in clinical aspects related to the possibility of HDIs of A. paniculata (Burm. f.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elza Sundhani
- Doctoral Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Jl. KH. Ahmad Dahlan Dukuhwaluh, Purwokerto, Central Java 53182, Indonesia
| | - Endang Lukitaningsih
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Arief Nurrochmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Agung Endro Nugroho
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
In India, traditional herbal medicines have been an essential part of therapy for the last centuries. However, a large portion of the general populace is using these therapies in combination with allopathy lacking a proper understanding of possible interactions (synergistic or antagonistic) between the herbal product and the allopathic drug. This is based on the assumption that herbal drugs are relatively safe, i.e. without side effects. We have established a comprehensive understanding of the possible herb-drug interactions and identified interaction patterns between the most common herbs and drugs currently in use in the Indian market. For this purpose, we listed common interactors (herbs and allopathic drugs) using available scientific literature. Drugs were then categorized into therapeutic classes and aligned to produce a recognizable pattern present only if interactions were observed between a drug class and herb in the scientific literature. Interestingly, the top three categories (with highest interactors), antibiotics, oral hypoglycemics, and anticonvulsants, displayed synergistic interactions only. Another major interactor category was CYP450 enzymes, a natural component of our metabolism. Both activation and inhibition of CYP450 enzymes were observed. As many allopathic drugs are known CYP substrates, inhibitors or inducers, ingestion of an interacting herb could result in interaction with the co-administered drug. This information is largely unavailable for the Indian population and should be studied in greater detail to avoid such interactions. Although this information is not absolute, the systematic literature review proves the existence of herb-drug interactions in the literature and studies where no interaction was detected are equally important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | | | - Gurjot Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma HY, Sun DX, Cao YF, Ai CZ, Qu YQ, Hu CM, Jiang C, Dong PP, Sun XY, Hong M, Tanaka N, Gonzalez FJ, Ma XC, Fang ZZ. Herb-drug interaction prediction based on the high specific inhibition of andrographolide derivatives towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 277:86-94. [PMID: 24631340 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Herb-drug interaction strongly limits the clinical application of herbs and drugs, and the inhibition of herbal components towards important drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) has been regarded as one of the most important reasons. The present study aims to investigate the inhibition potential of andrographolide derivatives towards one of the most important phase II DMEs UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Recombinant UGT isoforms (except UGT1A4)-catalyzed 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronidation reaction and UGT1A4-catalyzed trifluoperazine (TFP) glucuronidation were employed to firstly screen the andrographolide derivatives' inhibition potential. High specific inhibition of andrographolide derivatives towards UGT2B7 was observed. The inhibition type and parameters (Ki) were determined for the compounds exhibiting strong inhibition capability towards UGT2B7, and human liver microsome (HLMs)-catalyzed zidovudine (AZT) glucuronidation probe reaction was used to furtherly confirm the inhibition behavior. In combination of inhibition parameters (Ki) and in vivo concentration of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide, the potential in vivo inhibition magnitude was predicted. Additionally, both the in vitro inhibition data and computational modeling results provide important information for the modification of andrographolide derivatives as selective inhibitors of UGT2B7. Taken together, data obtained from the present study indicated the potential herb-drug interaction between Andrographis paniculata and the drugs mainly undergoing UGT2B7-catalyzed metabolic elimination, and the andrographolide derivatives as potential candidates for the selective inhibitors of UGT2B7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Ma
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Dong-Xue Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chun-Zhi Ai
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yan-Qing Qu
- Thyroid Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Cui-Min Hu
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pei-Pei Dong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mo Hong
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; College of Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport Key Laboratory, Dalian, Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Andrographis paniculata Extract and Andrographolide Modulate the Hepatic Drug Metabolism System and Plasma Tolbutamide Concentrations in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:982689. [PMID: 23997806 PMCID: PMC3753754 DOI: 10.1155/2013/982689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide is the most abundant terpenoid of A. paniculata which is used in the treatment of diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of A. paniculata extract (APE) and andrographolide on the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver and determined whether modulation of these enzymes changed the pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide. Rats were intragastrically dosed with 2 g/kg/day APE or 50 mg/kg/day andrographolide for 5 days before a dose of 20 mg/kg tolbutamide was given. APE and andrographolide reduced the AUC0–12 h of tolbutamide by 37% and 18%, respectively, compared with that in controls. The protein and mRNA levels and enzyme activities of CYP2C6/11, CYP1A1/2, and CYP3A1/2 were increased by APE and andrographolide. To evaluate whether APE or andrographolide affected the hypoglycemic action of tolbutamide, high-fat diet-induced obese mice were used and treated in the same manner as the rats. APE and andrographolide increased CYP2C6/11 expression and decreased plasma tolbutamide levels. In a glucose tolerance test, however, the hypoglycemic effect of tolbutamide was not changed by APE or andrographolide. These results suggest that APE and andrographolide accelerate the metabolism rate of tolbutamide through increased expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes. APE and andrographolide, however, do not impair the hypoglycemic effect of tolbutamide.
Collapse
|