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Palombo P, Bürkle A, Moreno-Villanueva M. Culture medium-dependent isoproterenol stability and its impact on DNA strand breaks formation and repair. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 357:109877. [PMID: 35276129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In vitro mechanistic research is mostly performed without taking into consideration the potential influence of cell culture media and/or their supplements and therefore, interactions between compounds of interest and medium ingredients may be overlooked. Isoproterenol (isoprenaline) is a synthetic catecholamine used as sympathomimetic drug that stimulates β-adrenergic receptors and is widely used in biomedical research. Clinical studies have shown that isoproterenol is rapidly metabolized in the human body with a plasma half-life of about 2-5 min. However, despite its use in many in vitro and ex vivo studies, the stability of isoproterenol in cell culture media has not been characterized. Our results show a decrease of isoproterenol concentration in RPMI medium but high stability of the compound in TexMACS medium. The isoproterenol oxidation product isoprenochrome forms during treatment in both media. However, isoprenochrome formation is significantly lower in TexMACS medium. The effective level of isoproterenol and the formation of oxidation products might explain the discrepancies observed in isoproterenol-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Palombo
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, Box 628, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, Box 628, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Maria Moreno-Villanueva
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, Box 628, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany; Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Box 30, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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2
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Abdelfattah EA, Renault D. Effect of different doses of the catecholamine epinephrine on antioxidant responses of larvae of the flesh fly Sarcophaga dux. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10408-10415. [PMID: 34523094 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of pharmaceutical products have increased over the past decades, and several are considered potential or proved hazardous wastes. When contaminating the environment, they can severely impact biodiversity. The catecholamine epinephrine (adrenaline) is no exception. Epinephrine can be administered as growth promoter in cattle, and is used for anaphylaxis treatment in human. While a range of studies has examined the effects of this catecholamine on vertebrate tissues, and evidenced that it can disrupt the oxidative stress status, the effects epinephrine could have on insects have remained poorly considered. Here, we examined the physiological effects of different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) of epinephrine on larvae of the flesh fly Sarcophaga dux. Following experimental treatments, levels of H2O2, GSH, CAT, GPx, and CEH were measured from the fat body, cuticle, gut, and hemolymph of 3rd instars. Significant differences are reported for these physiological endpoints among the considered body compartments, and epinephrine concentrations. Epinephrine treatments did not increase reactive oxygen species production (H2O2 amounts), except for gut tissues. Increased levels of GSH suggest that epinephrine may have enhanced glucose metabolism and flux towards the pentose phosphate pathway, while reducing glutamine oxidation. CAT activity was slightly increased when the concentration of epinephrine was higher. The decreased GPx activity in the fat body was consistent with GSH variations. In sum, the injection of epinephrine seemed to elicit the antioxidant response in S. dux larvae, in turn attenuating ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Abdelfattah
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 11221 Al Orman, Giza, Egypt.
| | - David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 74205, F 35000, 35042, Rennes, CS, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Kodandaraman G, Bankoglu EE, Stopper H. Overlapping mechanism of the induction of genomic damage by insulin and adrenaline in human promyelocytic HL-60 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104867. [PMID: 32305330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous hormones systemically regulate the growth and metabolism and some prior studies have shown that their imbalance can have a potential to induce genomic damage in in vitro and animal models. Some conditions that are associated with elevated levels of endogenous hormones are hyperinsulinemia and intense exercise-induced stress causing increased adrenaline. In this study we test whether these two hormones, could cause an additive increase in genomic damage and whether they have an overlapping mechanism of action. For this, we use the human promyelocytic HL60 cells, as they express the receptors for both hormones. At doses taken from the saturation level of the individual dose response curves, no additivity in genomic damage was detected through micronucleus induction. This hints towards a common step in the pathway, which is under these conditions fully activated by each of the individual hormone. To investigate this further, individual and common parts in insulin and adrenaline signalling such as their respective hormone receptors, the downstream protein AKT and the involvement of mitochondria and NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes were studied. The results indicate no additive effect of high hormone concentrations in genomic damage in the in vitro model, which may be due to exhaustion of the NOX 2-mediated reactive oxygen production. It remains to be determined whether a similar situation may occur in in vivo situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geema Kodandaraman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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DNA-BINDING and DNA-protecting activities of small natural organic molecules and food extracts. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 323:109030. [PMID: 32205154 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes literature data on the DNA-binding, DNA-protecting and DNA-damaging activities of a range of natural human endogenous and exogenous compounds. Small natural organic molecules bind DNA in a site-specific mode, by arranging tight touch with the structure of the major and minor grooves, as well as individual bases in the local duplex DNA. Polyphenols are the best-studied exogenous compounds from this point of view. Many of them demonstrate hormetic effects, producing both beneficial and damaging effects. An attempt to establish the dependence of DNA damage or DNA protection on the concentration of the compound turned out to be successful for some polyphenols, daidzein, genistein and resveratrol, which were DNA protecting in low concentrations and DNA damaging in high concentrations. There was no evident dependence on concentration for quercetin and kaempferol. Probably, the DNA-protecting effect is associated with the affinity to DNA. Caffeine and theophylline are DNA binders; at the same time, they favor DNA repair. Although most alkaloids damage DNA, berberine can protect DNA against damage. Among the endogenous compounds, hormones belonging to the amine class, thyroid and steroid hormones appear to bind DNA and produce some DNA damage. Thus, natural compounds continue to reveal beneficial or adverse effects on genome integrity and provide a promising source of therapeutic activities.
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Assessment of adrenaline-induced DNA damage in whole blood cells with the comet assay. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 69:304-308. [PMID: 30864376 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful effects of elevated levels of catecholamines are mediated by various mechanisms, including gene transcription and formation of oxidation products. The aim of this study was to see whether the molecular mechanisms underlying the damaging action of adrenaline on DNA are mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). To do that, we exposed human whole blood cells to 10 μmol L-1adrenaline or 50 μmol L-1H2O2(used as positive control) that were separately pre-treated or post-treated with 500 μmol L-1of quercetin, a scavenger of free radicals. Quercetin significantly reduced DNA damage in both pre- and post-treatment protocols, which suggests that adrenaline mainly acts via the production of ROS. This mechanism is also supported by gradual lowering of adrenaline and H2O2-induced DNA damage 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after treatment. Our results clearly show that DNA repair mechanisms are rather effective against ROS-mediated DNA damage induced by adrenaline.
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Djelić N, Radaković M, Borozan S, Dimirijević-Srećković V, Pajović N, Vejnović B, Borozan N, Bankoglu EE, Stopper H, Stanimirović Z. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal, obese, prediabetic and diabetic persons exposed to adrenaline in vitro. Mutat Res 2019; 843:81-89. [PMID: 31421743 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes represents one of the major health concerns, especially in developed countries. Some hormones such as the stress hormone adrenaline can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and may worsen the diabetes. Therefore, the main aim of the investigation was to find out whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal persons have less DNA damage induced by adrenaline (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) in comparison to PBMCs from obese, prediabetic and diabetic patients. Also, the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (TBARS, catalase) and lactate dehydrogenase were monitored. It was observed that higher concentrations of adrenaline (1 and 10 μM) induced DNA damage in the obese, prediabetic and diabetic groups. In healthy individuals only the highest concentration of adrenaline caused significant increase in the DNA damage. In summary, total comet score (TCS) comparison has shown significant differences between groups, and DNA damaging effects of adrenaline were most evident in diabetic patients. The results of the biochemical analysis also demonstrate that adrenaline exerts most obvious effects in diabetic individuals which is manifested as significant change of parameters of oxidative stress. In summary, the obtained results demonstrated that diabetics are more sensitive to genotoxic effects of adrenaline and this effect probably resulted from decreased antioxidative defence mechanisms in various stages of progression through diabetes. Therefore, these results could contribute to a better understanding of a role of endocrine factors to damage of cellular biomolecules which could be useful in finding novel therapeutic approaches and lifestyle changes with an aim to lower the possibility of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoslav Djelić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Radaković
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sunčica Borozan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Nevena Pajović
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branislav Vejnović
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Ezgi Eylül Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Zoran Stanimirović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Nitroso-Oxidative Stress, Acute Phase Response, and Cytogenetic Damage in Wistar Rats Treated with Adrenaline. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1805354. [PMID: 30584458 PMCID: PMC6280229 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1805354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at analysing biochemical and genetic endpoints of toxic effects after administration of adrenaline. For this purpose, the study was carried out on Wistar rats and three doses of adrenaline were used: 0.75 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, and 3 mg/kg body weight. To achieve these aims, we investigated the effects of adrenaline on catalase (CAT), Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite (NO2−), carbonyl groups (PCC), and nitrotyrosine (3-NT). Total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), its relative distribution (LDH1–LDH5) activity, level of acute phase proteins (APPs), and genotoxic effect were also evaluated. The obtained results revealed that all doses of adrenaline induced a significant rise in CAT activity, MDA level, PCC, NO2−, and 3-NT and a significant decrease in SOD activity compared to control. Adrenaline exerted an increase in total activity of LDH, LDH1, and LDH2 isoenzymes. Further study showed that adrenaline significantly decreased serum albumin level and albumin-globulin ratio, while the level of APPs (α1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobulin) is increased. The micronucleus test revealed a genotoxic effect of adrenaline at higher concentrations (1.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg body weight) compared to untreated rats. It can be concluded that adrenaline exerts oxidative and nitrative stress in rats, increased damage to lipids and proteins, and damage of cardiomyocytes and cytogenetic damage. Obtained results may contribute to better understanding of the toxicity of adrenaline with aims to preventing its harmful effects.
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Impaired PARP activity in response to the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:29-39. [PMID: 29438734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress has been associated with DNA damage, thus increasing the risk of numerous diseases including cancer. Here, we investigate the effect of acute and chronic stress on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a sensor of DNA damage and DNA repair initiator. In order to mimic the chronic release of epinephrine, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated repeatedly with the sympathomimetic drug isoproterenol. We found significant induction of DNA strand breaks that remained unrepaired 24 h after ex vivo incubation. Isoproterenol-induced DNA strand breaks could be partially prevented by pre-treatment with the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol. Furthermore, the level of PARP-1 protein and PARP activity decreased and the levels of the PARP substrate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), necessary to replenish NAD+ pools, were lowered by isoproterenol treatment. In conclusion our data provide novel insights into the mechanisms of isoproterenol-induced genotoxicity linking β-adrenergic stimulation and PARP-1.
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Lacourt TE, Heijnen CJ. Mechanisms of Neurotoxic Symptoms as a Result of Breast Cancer and Its Treatment: Considerations on the Contribution of Stress, Inflammation, and Cellular Bioenergetics. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2017; 9:70-81. [PMID: 28616125 PMCID: PMC5445149 DOI: 10.1007/s12609-017-0245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Breast cancer and its treatment are associated with a range of neurotoxic symptoms, such as fatigue, cognitive impairment, and pain. Although these symptoms generally subside after treatment completion, they become chronic in a significant subset of patients. We here summarize recent findings on neuroinflammation, stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction as mechanistic pathways leading to neurotoxic symptom experience in breast cancer patients and survivors. RECENT FINDINGS Neuroinflammation related to stress or cancer treatment and stress resulting from diagnosis, treatment, or (cancer-related) worrying are important predictors of a neurotoxic symptom experience, both during and after treatment for breast cancer. Both inflammation and stress hormones, as well as cancer treatment, can induce mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in reduced cellular energy. SUMMARY We propose reduced cellular energy (mitochondrial dysfunction) induced by inflammation, oxygen radical production, and stress as a result of cancer and/or cancer treatment as a final mechanism underlying neurotoxic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara E. Lacourt
- Department of Symptom Research, Neuroimmunology Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 384, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Cobi J. Heijnen
- Department of Symptom Research, Neuroimmunology Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 384, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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