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Chen W, Ge P, Deng M, Liu X, Lu Z, Yan Z, Chen M, Wang J. Toxicological responses of A549 and HCE-T cells exposed to fine particulate matter at the air-liquid interface. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27375-27387. [PMID: 38512571 PMCID: PMC11052810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can enter the human body in various ways and have adverse effects on human health. Human lungs and eyes are exposed to the air for a long time and are the first to be exposed to PM2.5. The "liquid immersion exposure method" has some limitations that prevent it from fully reflecting the toxic effects of particulate matter on the human body. In this study, the collected PM2.5 samples were chemically analyzed. An air-liquid interface (ALI) model with a high correlation to the in vivo environment was established based on human lung epithelial cells (A549) and immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T). The VITROCELL Cloud 12 system was used to distribute PM2.5 on the cells evenly. After exposure for 6 h and 24 h, cell viability, apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, expression of inflammatory factors, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage were measured. The results demonstrated significant dose- and time-dependent effects of PM2.5 on cell viability, cell apoptosis, ROS generation, and DNA damage at the ALI, while the inflammatory factors showed dose-dependent effects only. It should be noted that even short exposure to low doses of PM2.5 can cause cell DNA double-strand breaks and increased expression of γ-H2AX, indicating significant genotoxicity of PM2.5. Increased abundance of ROS in cells plays a crucial role in the cytotoxicity induced by PM2.5 exposure These findings emphasize the significant cellular damage and genotoxicity that may result from short-term exposure to low levels of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wankang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Pengxiang Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Minjun Deng
- Ningxia Meteorological Service Center, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhansheng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Mindong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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Yan Z, Wan J, Liu J, Yao B, Lu Y, Guo Z, Li Y. α-lipoic acid ameliorates hepatotoxicity induced by chronic ammonia toxicity in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation and inhibiting ERS pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115533. [PMID: 37806127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
High environment ammonia (HEA) poses a deadly threat to aquatic animals and indirectly impacts human healthy life, while nutritional regulation can alleviate chronic ammonia toxicity. α-lipoic acid exhibits antioxidative effects in both aqueous and lipid environments, mitigating cellular and tissue damage caused by oxidative stress by aiding in the neutralization of free radicals (reactive oxygen species). Hence, investigating its potential as an effective antioxidant and its protective mechanisms against chronic ammonia stress in crucian carp is highly valuable. Experimental fish (initial weight 20.47 ± 1.68 g) were fed diets supplemented with or without 0.1% α-lipoic acid followed by a chronic ammonia exposure (10 mg/L) for 42 days. The results revealed that chronic ammonia stress affected growth (weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion rate), leading to oxidative stress (decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase; decreased total antioxidant capacity), increased lipid peroxidation (accumulation of malondialdehyde), immune suppression (decreased contents of nonspecific immune enzymes AKP and ACP, 50% hemolytic complement, and decrease of immunoglobulin M), impaired ammonia metabolism (reduced contents of Glu, GS, GSH, and Gln), imbalance of expression of induced antioxidant-related genes (downregulation of Cu/Zu SOD, CAT, Nrf2, and HO-1; upregulation of GST and Keap1), induction of pro-apoptotic molecules (transcription of BAX, Caspase3, and Caspase9), downregulation of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 expression, and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress (upregulation of IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 expression). The results suggested that the supplementation of α-lipoic acid could effectively induce humoral immunity, alleviate oxidative stress injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ultimately alleviate liver injury induced by ammonia poisoning (50-60% reduction). This provides theoretical basis for revealing the toxicity of long-term ammonia stress and provides new insights into the anti-ammonia toxicity mechanism of α-lipoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jiwu Wan
- Jilin Provincial Aquatic Technology Extension Center, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Baolan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuqian Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhengyao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Quincozes-Santos A, Santos CL, de Souza Almeida RR, da Silva A, Thomaz NK, Costa NLF, Weber FB, Schmitz I, Medeiros LS, Medeiros L, Dotto BS, Dias FRP, Sovrani V, Bobermin LD. Gliotoxicity and Glioprotection: the Dual Role of Glial Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6577-6592. [PMID: 34581988 PMCID: PMC8477366 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia) are critical for the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological and pathological conditions. With this in mind, several studies have indicated that glial cells play key roles in the development and progression of CNS diseases. In this sense, gliotoxicity can be referred as the cellular, molecular, and neurochemical changes that can mediate toxic effects or ultimately lead to impairment of the ability of glial cells to protect neurons and/or other glial cells. On the other hand, glioprotection is associated with specific responses of glial cells, by which they can protect themselves as well as neurons, resulting in an overall improvement of the CNS functioning. In addition, gliotoxic events, including metabolic stresses, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress, as well as their related mechanisms, are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of neurological, psychiatric and infectious diseases. However, glioprotective molecules can prevent or improve these glial dysfunctions, representing glial cells-targeting therapies. Therefore, this review will provide a brief summary of types and functions of glial cells and point out cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with gliotoxicity and glioprotection, potential glioprotective molecules and their mechanisms, as well as gliotherapy. In summary, we expect to address the relevance of gliotoxicity and glioprotection in the CNS homeostasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Camila Leite Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Rodrigo de Souza Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalie K Thomaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Naithan Ludian Fernandes Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Becker Weber
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Izaviany Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lara Scopel Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lívia Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bethina Segabinazzi Dotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Filipe Renato Pereira Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Sovrani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sovrani V, Bobermin LD, Schmitz I, Leipnitz G, Quincozes-Santos A. Potential Glioprotective Strategies Against Diabetes-Induced Brain Toxicity. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1651-1664. [PMID: 34258694 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are crucial for the maintenance of brain homeostasis by actively participating in the metabolism of glucose, which is the main energy substrate for the central nervous system (CNS), in addition to other supportive functions. More specifically, astrocytes support neurons through the metabolic coupling of synaptic activity and glucose utilization. As such, diabetes mellitus (DM) and consequent glucose metabolism disorders induce astrocyte damage, affecting CNS functionality. Glioprotective molecules can promote protection by improving glial functions and avoiding toxicity in different pathological conditions, including DM. Therefore, this review discusses specific pathomechanisms associated with DM/glucose metabolism disorder-induced gliotoxicity, namely astrocyte metabolism, redox homeostasis/mitochondrial activity, inflammation, and glial signaling pathways. Studies investigating natural products as potential glioprotective strategies against these deleterious effects of DM/glucose metabolism disorders are also reviewed herein. These products include carotenoids, catechins, isoflavones, lipoic acid, polysaccharides, resveratrol, and sulforaphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sovrani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Izaviany Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Regan JT, Mirczuk SM, Scudder CJ, Stacey E, Khan S, Worwood M, Powles T, Dennis-Beron JS, Ginley-Hidinger M, McGonnell IM, Volk HA, Strickland R, Tivers MS, Lawson C, Lipscomb VJ, Fowkes RC. Sensitivity of the Natriuretic Peptide/cGMP System to Hyperammonaemia in Rat C6 Glioma Cells and GPNT Brain Endothelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020398. [PMID: 33672024 PMCID: PMC7919485 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the major natriuretic peptide of the central nervous system and acts via its selective guanylyl cyclase-B (GC-B) receptor to regulate cGMP production in neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells. CNP is implicated in the regulation of neurogenesis, axonal bifurcation, as well as learning and memory. Several neurological disorders result in toxic concentrations of ammonia (hyperammonaemia), which can adversely affect astrocyte function. However, the relationship between CNP and hyperammonaemia is poorly understood. Here, we examine the molecular and pharmacological control of CNP in rat C6 glioma cells and rat GPNT brain endothelial cells, under conditions of hyperammonaemia. Concentration-dependent inhibition of C6 glioma cell proliferation by hyperammonaemia was unaffected by CNP co-treatment. Furthermore, hyperammonaemia pre-treatment (for 1 h and 24 h) caused a significant inhibition in subsequent CNP-stimulated cGMP accumulation in both C6 and GPNT cells, whereas nitric-oxide-dependent cGMP accumulation was not affected. CNP-stimulated cGMP efflux from C6 glioma cells was significantly reduced under conditions of hyperammonaemia, potentially via a mechanism involving changed in phosphodiesterase expression. Hyperammonaemia-stimulated ROS production was unaffected by CNP but enhanced by a nitric oxide donor in C6 cells. Extracellular vesicle production from C6 cells was enhanced by hyperammonaemia, and these vesicles caused impaired CNP-stimulated cGMP signalling in GPNT cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate functional interaction between CNP signalling and hyperammonaemia in C6 glioma and GPNT cells, but the exact mechanisms remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Regan
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Samantha M. Mirczuk
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Christopher J. Scudder
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Emily Stacey
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Sabah Khan
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Michael Worwood
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Torinn Powles
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - J. Sebastian Dennis-Beron
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Matthew Ginley-Hidinger
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Imelda M. McGonnell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Holger A. Volk
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Klinik für Kleintiere, Bünteweg, 930559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Rhiannon Strickland
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (R.S.); (V.J.L.)
| | - Michael S. Tivers
- Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Paragon Business Village Paragon Way, Red Hall Cres, Wakefield WF1 2DF, UK;
| | - Charlotte Lawson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Victoria J. Lipscomb
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (R.S.); (V.J.L.)
| | - Robert C. Fowkes
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-468-1215
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Bobermin LD, Weber FB, Dos Santos TM, Belló-Klein A, Wyse ATS, Gonçalves CA, Quincozes-Santos A. Sulforaphane Induces Glioprotection After LPS Challenge. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:829-846. [PMID: 33079284 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane is a natural compound that presents anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, including in the central nervous system (CNS). Astroglial cells are involved in several functions to maintain brain homeostasis, actively participating in the inflammatory response and antioxidant defense systems. We, herein, investigated the potential mechanisms involved in the glioprotective effects of sulforaphane in the C6 astrocyte cell line, when challenged with the inflammogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sulforaphane prevented the LPS-induced increase in the expression and/or release of pro-inflammatory mediators, possibly due to nuclear factor κB and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation. Sulforaphane also modulated the expressions of the Toll-like and adenosine receptors, which often mediate inflammatory processes induced by LPS. Additionally, sulforaphane increased the mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), both of which mediate several cytoprotective responses. Sulforaphane also prevented the increase in NADPH oxidase activity and the elevations of superoxide and 3-nitrotyrosine that were stimulated by LPS. In addition, sulforaphane and LPS modulated superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione metabolism. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of sulforaphane were blocked by HO1 pharmacological inhibition, suggesting its dependence on HO1 activity. Finally, in support of a glioprotective role, sulforaphane prevented the LPS-induced decrease in glutamate uptake, glutamine synthetase activity, and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels, as well as the augmentations in S100B release and Na+, K+ ATPase activity. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has comprehensively explored the glioprotective effects of sulforaphane on astroglial cells, reinforcing the beneficial effects of sulforaphane on astroglial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Becker Weber
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Zhou J, Terluk MR, Basso L, Mishra UR, Orchard PJ, Cloyd JC, Schröder H, Kartha RV. N-acetylcysteine Provides Cytoprotection in Murine Oligodendrocytes through Heme Oxygenase-1 Activity. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080240. [PMID: 32717964 PMCID: PMC7460204 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytic injury by oxidative stress can lead to demyelination, contributing to neurodegeneration. We investigated the mechanisms by which an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), reduces oxidative stress in murine oligodendrocytes. We used normal 158N and mutant 158JP cells with endogenously high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Oxidative stress was induced in 158N cells using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 500 μM), and both cells were treated with NAC (50 µM to 500 µM). ROS production, total glutathione (GSH) and cell survival were measured 24 h after treatment. In normal cells, H2O2 treatment resulted in a ~5.5-fold increase in ROS and ~50% cell death. These deleterious effects of oxidative stress were attenuated by NAC, resulting in improved cell survival. Similarly, NAC treatment resulted in decreased ROS levels in 158JP cells. Characterization of mechanisms underlying cytoprotection in both cell lines revealed an increase in GSH levels by NAC, which was partially blocked by an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Interestingly, we observed heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective enzyme, play a critical role in cytoprotection. Inhibition of HO-1 activity abolished the cytoprotective effect of NAC with a corresponding decrease in total antioxidant capacity. Our results indicate that NAC promotes oligodendrocyte survival in oxidative stress-related conditions through multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.Z.); (M.R.T.); (L.B.); (U.R.M.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Marcia R. Terluk
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.Z.); (M.R.T.); (L.B.); (U.R.M.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Lisa Basso
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.Z.); (M.R.T.); (L.B.); (U.R.M.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Usha R. Mishra
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.Z.); (M.R.T.); (L.B.); (U.R.M.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Paul J. Orchard
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - James C. Cloyd
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.Z.); (M.R.T.); (L.B.); (U.R.M.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Henning Schröder
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Reena V. Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.Z.); (M.R.T.); (L.B.); (U.R.M.); (J.C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-612-626-2436
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Bobermin LD, Roppa RHA, Gonçalves CA, Quincozes-Santos A. Ammonia-Induced Glial-Inflammaging. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3552-3567. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Shah SWA, Ishfaq M, Nasrullah M, Qayum A, Akhtar MU, Jo H, Hussain M, Teng X. Ammonia inhalation-induced inflammation and structural impairment in the bursa of fabricius and thymus of broilers through NF-κB signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11596-11607. [PMID: 31970641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is a toxic, environmental pollutant, and irritant gas. Previous studies reported the toxic effects of NH3 which led to inflammation in various organs of chicken. However, the exact mechanism of NH3-induced inflammation in chicken lymphoid organs bursa of fabricius (BF) and thymus is still elusive. Thus, this study was designed to investigate NH3-induced inflammation in chicken BF and thymus. Experimental chickens were divided into low (5.0 mg/m3), middle (10.0-15.0 mg/m3), and high (20.0-45.0 mg/m3) NH3-treated groups. To investigate NH3-induced inflammation in chicken's BF and thymus, histological observation, NO content and iNOS activity, inflammatory cytokine contents, and mRNA levels were performed by light microscopy, microplate spectrophotometer, ELISA assay, and qRT-PCR. The finding of the present study showed that NH3 exposure reduced BF and thymus index, increased nitric oxide (NO) content and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, inflammatory cytokine contents and mRNA levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-1β, IL-18, toll-like receptor 2A (TLR-2A), and iNOS. Histopathological examination revealed signs of inflammation including increased nuclear debris and vacuoles in the cortex and medulla of thymus and bursal follicles. Conclusively, our findings displayed that NH3 exposure affects the normal function of BF and thymus and led inflammation. The data provided a new ground for NH3-induced toxicity and risk assessment in chicken production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Waqas Ali Shah
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development. Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Nasrullah
- College of Agricultural economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Qayum
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Usman Akhtar
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hyeonsoo Jo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Šabanović M, Jašić M, Odobašić A, Aleksovska ES, Pavljašević S, Bajraktarević A, Čepo DV. Alpha Lipoic Acid Reduces Symptoms and Inflammation Biomarkers in Patients with Chronic Hemorrhoidal Illness. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 88:281-290. [PMID: 31140940 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oral dietary supplementation is becoming increasingly popular as an addition to classical approaches for the prevention and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. Aim: To examine the effect of orally administrated alpha lipoic acid (ALA), known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, in the treatment of patients with permanent symptoms of hemorrhoidal disease. Methods: Patients with second- and third-degree hemorrhoids (n = 100) were enrolled into a randomized, open label, single-center trial. The study group (n = 50) was treated with 200 mg of orally administered ALA once a day during the 12-week period, the control group (n = 50) did not receive any treatment. Results: There were no significant differences in demographics, diagnosis, or exposure to major risk factors between the study and placebo group at baseline. ALA significantly improved subjective efficacy variables, such as pain and discomfort (p < 0.01) as well as objective signs of the disease, such as bleeding (p < 0.01), in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, the 3-month treatment significantly reduced the number of patients with positive C-reactive protein (CRP) value (serum CRP > 5 mg/L) from 18% before to only 2% after the treatment (χ2 = 4.65; p < 0.01). Average leukocyte count has also been significantly reduced in the treatment group (p < 0.01) from 7.29 × 109/L before to 6.18 × 109/L after treatment. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that ALA is effective in the treatment of second- and third-degree hemorrhoids. Larger, double-blind controlled trials are needed to confirm the results and to investigate optimal treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marizela Šabanović
- 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Midhat Jašić
- 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amer Odobašić
- 2 Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Suzana Pavljašević
- 4 Clinic of Ophthalmology Health Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amila Bajraktarević
- 5 Department of Family medicine, Tuzla Primary Health Care Home, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dubravka Vitali Čepo
- 6 Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Chi Q, Chi X, Hu X, Wang S, Zhang H, Li S. The effects of atmospheric hydrogen sulfide on peripheral blood lymphocytes of chickens: Perspectives on inflammation, oxidative stress and energy metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:1-6. [PMID: 30005195 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive hydrogen sulfide (H2S) affects poultry health. Exposure to air pollution induces inflammation, oxidative stress, energy metabolism dysfunction and adverse health effects. However, few detailed studies have been conducted on the molecular mechanisms of H2S-induced injury in poultry. To understand how H2S drives its adverse effects on chickens, twenty-four 14-day-old chickens were randomly divided into two groups. The chickens in the control group were raised in a separate chamber without H2S, and the chickens in the treatment group were exposed to 30 ppm H2S. After 14 days of exposure, peripheral blood samples were taken and the lymphocytes were extracted to detect inflammation, oxidative stress and energy metabolism in broilers. Overall, an increase in the inflammatory response was detected in the peripheral blood lymphocytes following H2S exposure compared to the control group, and the expression levels of the heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the transcription factors nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were up-regulated in the H2S group, which further suggested that H2S induced an inflammatory response via the NF-κB pathway. Because of the activation of NF-κB, which is a major regulator of oxidative stress, we also observed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was elevated under H2S exposure. In addition, we presumed that energy metabolism might be damaged due to the increased ROS production, and we found that H2S down-regulated the expression levels of energy metabolism-related genes, which indicated the occurrence of energy metabolism dysfunction. Altogether, this study suggests that exposure to excessive atmospheric H2S induces an inflammatory response, oxidative stress and energy metabolism dysfunction, providing a reference for comparative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xin Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xueyuan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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12
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Qiu X, Liu K, Xiao L, Jin S, Dong J, Teng X, Guo Q, Chen Y, Wu Y. Alpha-lipoic acid regulates the autophagy of vascular smooth muscle cells in diabetes by elevating hydrogen sulfide level. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3723-3738. [PMID: 30251691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional vascular smooth muscle (VSM) plays a vital role in the process of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) can prevent the altered VSM induced by diabetes. However, the precise mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of ALA is not well understood. This study aimed to determine whether ALA ameliorates VSM function by elevating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) level in diabetes and whether this effect is associated with regulation of autophagy of VSM cells (VSMCs). We found decreased serum H2S levels in Chinese patients and rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ALA treatment could increase H2S level, which reduced the autophagy-related index and activation of the 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thereby protecting vascular function in rats with T2DM. Propargylglycine (PPG), a cystathionine-γ-lyase inhibitor, could weaken the ALA effect. In cultured VSMCs, high glucose level also reduced H2S level, upregulated the autophagy-related index and activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway, which were reversed by concomitant application of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) or ALA. The protective effect of NaHS or ALA was attenuated by rapamycin (an autophagy activator), 5-amino-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (an AMPK activator) or PPG. In contrast, Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) enhanced the effect of ALA or NaHS. ALA may have a protective effect on VSMCs in T2DM by elevating H2S level and downregulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. This study provides a new target for addressing diabetic macroangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qiu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Department of Endocrinology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Kuanzhi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Jinghui Dong
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Intensive Care Unit, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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13
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The protective effect of α-lipoic acid against bisphenol A-induced neurobehavioral toxicity. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:166-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Zhang H, Barralet JE. Mimicking oxygen delivery and waste removal functions of blood. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 122:84-104. [PMID: 28214553 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In addition to immunological and wound healing cell and platelet delivery, ion stasis and nutrient supply, blood delivers oxygen to cells and tissues and removes metabolic wastes. For decades researchers have been trying to develop approaches that mimic these two immediately vital functions of blood. Oxygen is crucial for the long-term survival of tissues and cells in vertebrates. Hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) and even at times anoxia (absence of oxygen) can occur during organ preservation, organ and cell transplantation, wound healing, in tumors and engineering of tissues. Different approaches have been developed to deliver oxygen to tissues and cells, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), normobaric hyperoxia therapy (NBOT), using biochemical reactions and electrolysis, employing liquids with high oxygen solubility, administering hemoglobin, myoglobin and red blood cells (RBCs), introducing oxygen-generating agents, using oxygen-carrying microparticles, persufflation, and peritoneal oxygenation. Metabolic waste accumulation is another issue in biological systems when blood flow is insufficient. Metabolic wastes change the microenvironment of cells and tissues, influence the metabolic activities of cells, and ultimately cause cell death. This review examines advances in blood mimicking systems in the field of biomedical engineering in terms of oxygen delivery and metabolic waste removal.
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15
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Wu Y, Yan F, Hu J, Chen H, Tucker C, Green A, Cheng H. The effect of chronic ammonia exposure on acute-phase proteins, immunoglobulin, and cytokines in laying hens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1524-1530. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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16
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Homocysteine Induces Glial Reactivity in Adult Rat Astrocyte Cultures. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1966-1976. [PMID: 28255907 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are dynamic glial cells associated to neurotransmitter systems, metabolic functions, antioxidant defense, and inflammatory response, maintaining the brain homeostasis. Elevated concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) are involved in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. In line with this, our hypothesis was that Hcy could promote glial reactivity in a model of cortical primary astrocyte cultures from adult Wistar rats. Thus, cortical astrocytes were incubated with different concentrations of Hcy (10, 30, and 100 μM) during 24 h. After the treatment, we analyzed cell viability, morphological parameters, antioxidant defenses, and inflammatory response. Hcy did not induce any alteration in cell viability; however, it was able to induce cytoskeleton rearrangement. The treatment with Hcy also promoted a significant decrease in the activities of Na+, K+ ATPase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as in the glutathione (GSH) content. Additionally, Hcy induced an increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In an attempt to elucidate the putative mechanisms involved in the Hcy-induced glial reactivity, we measured the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) transcriptional activity and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression, which were activated and inhibited by Hcy, respectively. In summary, our findings provide important evidences that Hcy modulates critical astrocyte parameters from adult rats, which might be associated to the aging process.
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Gap Junction Intercellular Communication Mediates Ammonia-Induced Neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2015; 29:314-24. [PMID: 26646155 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are important brain targets of ammonia, a neurotoxin implicated in the development of hepatic encephalopathy. During hyperammonemia, the pivotal role of astrocytes in brain function and homeostasis is impaired. These cells are abundantly interconnected by gap junctions (GJ), which are intercellular channels that allow the exchange of signaling molecules and metabolites. This communication may also increase cellular vulnerability during injuries, while GJ uncoupling could limit the extension of a lesion. Therefore, the current study was performed to investigate whether astrocyte coupling through GJ contributes to ammonia-induced cytotoxicity. We found that carbenoxolone (CBX), an effective GJ blocker, prevented the following effects induced by ammonia in astrocyte primary cultures: (1) decrease in cell viability and membrane integrity; (2) increase in reactive oxygen species production; (3) decrease in GSH intracellular levels; (4) GS activity; (5) pro-inflammatory cytokine release. On the other hand, CBX had no effect on C6 astroglial cells, which are poorly coupled via GJ. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that GJ play a role in ammonia-induced cytotoxicity. Although more studies in vivo are required to confirm our hypothesis, our data suggest that GJ communication between astrocytes may transmit damage signals and excitotoxic components from unhealthy to normal cells, thereby contributing to the propagation of the neurotoxicity of ammonia.
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Guanosine inhibits LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response and oxidative stress in hippocampal astrocytes through the heme oxygenase-1 pathway. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:571-80. [PMID: 26431832 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine, a guanine-based purine, is an extracellular signaling molecule that is released from astrocytes and has been shown to promote central nervous system defenses in several in vivo and in vitro injury models. Our group recently demonstrated that guanosine exhibits glioprotective effects in the C6 astroglial cell line by associating the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway with protection against azide-induced oxidative stress. Astrocyte overactivation contributes to the triggering of brain inflammation, a condition that is closely related to the development of many neurological disorders. These cells sense and amplify inflammatory signals from microglia and/or initiate the release of inflammatory mediators that are strictly related to transcriptional factors, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), that are modulated by HO-1. Astrocytes also express toll-like receptors (TLRs); TLRs specifically recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which has been widely used to experimentally study inflammatory response. This study was designed to understand the glioprotective mechanism of guanosine against the inflammatory and oxidative damage induced by LPS exposure in primary cultures of hippocampal astrocytes. Treatment of astrocytes with LPS resulted in deleterious effects, including the augmentation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, NFκB activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased levels of oxygen/nitrogen species, and decreased levels of antioxidative defenses. Guanosine was able to prevent these effects, protecting the hippocampal astrocytes against LPS-induced cytotoxicity through activation of the HO-1 pathway. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effects of guanosine were independent of the adenosinergic system. These results highlight the potential role of guanosine against neuroinflammatory-related diseases.
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