Acrylamide-induced damage to postsynaptic plasticity is CYP2E1 dependent in an SH-SY5Y co-culture system

Evaluating the Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Food Contaminants: Acrylamide, Penitrem A, and 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol in Individual and Combined Exposure In Vitro

This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of food contaminants exposure in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells using the micronucleus (MN) assay and Ames test. Acrylamide (AA), penitrem A (PEN A), and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) were tested both individually and in combination. Since humans are likely to be exposed to these substances simultaneously through diet, it is crucial to investigate their combined effects of the compounds rather than just their individual toxicities. The results demonstrated significant increases in MN frequency for all individual treatments and in a dose-dependent manner for AA and 3-ADON. Combined treatments also resulted in higher MN frequencies, particularly for AA + 3-ADON and PEN A + 3-ADON respect to the control. However, the Ames test revealed no mutagenic potential for any of the individual or combined treatments, consistent with previous studies. These findings suggest that while food contaminants induce chromosomal damage (MN induction), they do not cause gene mutations. Nonetheless, the lack of single mutations activity does not exclude the potential health risks of combined mycotoxin exposure, especially given the observed genotoxicity due to the DNA damage through chromosomal aberrations. Future studies focused on the mechanism of action should investigate the combined effects of food contaminants in more detail to better assess their potential health risks.

HIF-1α Induced by Hypoxia Promotes Peripheral Nerve Injury Recovery Through Regulating Ferroptosis in DRG Neuron

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) usually has a poor effect on functional recovery and severely declines the patient's quality of life. Our prior findings indicated that hypoxia remarkably promoted nerve regeneration of rats with sciatic nerve transection. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of hypoxia in functional recovery of PNI still remain elusive. In this research, we tried to explain the functional roles and mechanisms of hypoxia and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in PNI. Our results indicated that hypoxia promoted proliferation and migration of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Mechanistically, hypoxia suppressed ferroptosis through activating HIF-1α in DRG neurons. Gain and loss of function studies were performed to evaluate the regulatory roles of HIF-1α in ferroptosis and neuron recovery. The results revealed that up-regulation of HIF-1α enhanced the expression of solute carrier family membrane 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and increased the contents of cysteine and glutathione, while inhibiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our findings provided novel light on the mechanism of ferroptosis involved in PNI and manifest hypoxia as a potential therapeutic strategy for PNI recovery.