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Kim J, Cho Y, Oh GJ, Park HB, Yang MJ, Park CM, Kim YH, Choi KC, Go RE, Kim MS. Repeated intratracheal instillation of whole-cigarette smoke condensate to assess lung damage in a rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2304-2315. [PMID: 38148711 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke induces an inflammatory response in the lungs by recruiting inflammatory cells, leading to lung diseases such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. Existing inhalation exposure methods for assessing the adverse effects of cigarette smoke require expensive equipment and are labor-intensive. Therefore, we attempted to develop a novel method to assess these adverse effects using intratracheal instillation (ITI) of whole cigarette smoke condensate (WCSC). The WCSC (0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/mL) was administered by ITI once daily for 6 or 12 days using an automatic video instillator. Repeated WCSC ITI increased the lung weight, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), neutrophil, and lymphocyte levels within bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared to the control. In the histopathological analysis of the lung tissue, a mild inflammatory response was observed in the 6 and 12 days 20 mg/mL WCSC exposure groups. The genome-wide RNA-seq expression patterns revealed that inflammatory and immune response-related genes, such as the chemokine signaling pathway, Th1/Th2 cell differentiation, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, were employed following WCSC exposure. In addition, MCP-1 was time-dependent and increased in the 10 mg/mL exposure group compared to the control group. These results suggested that the WCSC might induce the potential pulmonary inflammatory response. Furthermore, we proposed that ITI may be a rapid and effective method of evaluating the adverse effects of WCSC within a short exposure period (less than 2 weeks), and it can be used to evaluate cigarette inhalation toxicity studies as an alternative method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Cho
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Jun Oh
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Bin Park
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Yang
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Min Park
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environment & Energy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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