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Valenzuela I, Kinoshita M, van der Merwe J, Maršál K, Deprest J. Prenatal interventions for fetal growth restriction in animal models: A systematic review. Placenta 2022; 126:90-113. [PMID: 35796064 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) in human pregnancy is associated with perinatal mortality, short- and long-term morbidities. No prenatal therapy is currently established despite decades of research. We aimed to review interventions in animal models for prenatal FGR treatment, and to seek the next steps for an effective clinical therapy. We registered our protocol and searched MEDLINE, Embase, and The Cochrane Library with no language restrictions, in accordance with the PRISMA guideline. We included all studies that reported the effects of any prenatal intervention in animal models of induced FGR. From 3257 screened studies, 202 describing 237 interventions were included for the final synthesis. Mice and rats were the most used animals (79%) followed by sheep (16%). Antioxidants (23%), followed by vasodilators (18%), nutrients (14%), and immunomodulators (12%) were the most tested therapy. Two-thirds of studies only reported delivery or immediate neonatal outcomes. Adverse effects were rarely reported (11%). Most studies (73%), independent of the intervention, showed a benefit in fetal survival or birthweight. The risk of bias was high, mostly due to the lack of randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding. Future research should aim to describe both short- and long-term outcomes across various organ systems in well-characterized models. Further efforts must be made to reduce selection, performance, and detection bias.
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NAWSHERWAN, KHAN S, ZEB F, SHOAIB M, NABI G, UL HAQ I, XU K, LI H. Selected Micronutrients: An Option to Boost Immunity against COVID-19 and Prevent Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:2032-2043. [PMID: 33708724 PMCID: PMC7917498 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i11.4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) negatively affects immune system. It is linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes. These complications may be linked with the infections mediated deficiency of micronutrients in pregnant women. COVID-19 cause's malabsorption of micronutrients thereby increases the risk of their deficiency. Both micronutrients deficiencies and poor micronutrients intake can compromise immune function and may increase the risk of pregnancy complications associated with COVID-19 infection. Vita-min A, C, D, E, and selected minerals iron (Fe), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) are the micronutrients essential for immuno-competency and play a significant role in the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Immune function and pregnancy outcomes can be improved by adequate intake of micronutrients in diet or in supplements form. Based on regulatory links between viral infection, micronutrients, immunity, and pregnancy outcomes, this review highlights the role of micronutrients in boosting immunity to reduce or prevent pregnancy complications in COVID-19 infected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- NAWSHERWAN
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Suliman KHAN
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Falak ZEB
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad SHOAIB
- Department of Chemistry, Government of Postgraduate College Samanabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam NABI
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ijaz UL HAQ
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Kang XU
- Department of Medicine, Taixing People Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui LI
- Department of Medicine, Taixing People Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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MiR-210-3p protects endometriotic cells from oxidative stress-induced cell cycle arrest by targeting BARD1. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:144. [PMID: 30760709 PMCID: PMC6374490 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is associated with benign but adversely developed cysts in the extrauterine environment. The oxidative imbalanced environment induces DNA damage and affects cell cycle progression of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and endometrial epithelial cells, but how endometriotic cells maintain proliferation in the presence of oxidative stress is not clear. Growing evidence has indicated that the ectopic hypoxic microenvironment and oxidative stress can stimulate the growth of endometriotic cells, which is mainly due to the increase of HIF-1α. We found that the master hypoxia-associated miRNA miR-210-3p was increased in stromal and glandular cells of ectopic lesions compared with that of eutopic and normal endometria and was consistent with the expression of HIF-1α and the local oxidative stress-induced DNA damage predictor 8-OHdG. Moreover, miR-210-3p was upregulated in ESCs and Ishikawa cells under hypoxic conditions but not in normoxic culture. Knockdown of miR-210-3p induced a G2/M arrest of ESCs and Ishikawa cells under hypoxia, while no effect was found under normoxia. BARD1 was identified as a target of miR-210-3p. BARD1 expression was decreased in endometriotic tissues compared with eutopic and normal endometria and negatively correlated with the expression of miR-210-3p. Multivariate regression analysis showed that BARD1 downregulation could serve as an indicator for endometriotic severity. Our results suggest that miR-210-3p attenuates the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint by inactivating BRCA1 complex function in response to DNA damage under hypoxia via targeting the 3′ untranslated region of BARD1 mRNA. Endometriotic mouse model experiments showed that intraperitoneal injection of the miR-210-3p inhibitor or vitamin C suppressed the growth of endometriotic lesions. Together, our results demonstrate that endometriotic cells inhibit BARD1/BRCA1 function by upregulating miR-210-3p, which might be the underlying mechanism for endometriotic cell maintenance of growth in oxidative stress. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-210-3p and administration of vitamin C are promising approaches for the treatment of endometriosis.
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Vieira LD, Farias JS, de Queiroz DB, Cabral EV, Lima-Filho MM, Sant'Helena BR, Aires RS, Ribeiro VS, Santos-Rocha J, Xavier FE, Paixão AD. Oxidative stress induced by prenatal LPS leads to endothelial dysfunction and renal haemodynamic changes through angiotensin II/NADPH oxidase pathway: Prevention by early treatment with α-tocopherol. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3577-3587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Onoda A, Takeda K, Umezawa M. Dysregulation of major functional genes in frontal cortex by maternal exposure to carbon black nanoparticle is not ameliorated by ascorbic acid pretreatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:1126-1135. [PMID: 29660869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent cohort studies have revealed that perinatal exposure to particulate air pollution, including carbon-based nanoparticles, increases the risk of brain disorders. Although developmental neurotoxicity is currently a major issue in the toxicology of nanoparticles, critical information for understanding the mechanisms underlying the developmental neurotoxicity of airway exposure to carbon black nanoparticle (CB-NP) is still lacking. In order to investigate these mechanisms, we comprehensively analyzed fluctuations in the gene expression profile of the frontal cortex of offspring mice exposed maternally to CB-NP, using microarray analysis combined with Gene Ontology information. We also analyzed differences in the enriched function of genes dysregulated by maternal CB-NP exposure with and without ascorbic acid pretreatment to refine specific alterations in gene expression induced by CB-NP. Total of 652 and 775 genes were dysregulated by CB-NP in the frontal cortex of 6- and 12-week-old offspring mice, respectively. Among the genes dysregulated by CB-NP, those related to extracellular matrix structural constituent, cellular response to interferon-beta, muscle organ development, and cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity were ameliorated by ascorbic acid pretreatment. A large proportion of the dysregulated genes, categorized in hemostasis, growth factor, chemotaxis, cell proliferation, blood vessel, and dopaminergic neurotransmission, were, however, not ameliorated by ascorbic acid pretreatment. The lack of effects of ascorbic acid on the dysregulation of genes following maternal CB-NP exposure suggests that the contribution of oxidative stress to the effects of CB-NP on these biological functions, i.e., cell migration and proliferation, blood vessel maintenance, and dopaminergic neuron system, may be limited. At least, ascorbic acid pretreatment is hardly likely to be able to protect the brain of offspring from developmental neurotoxicity of CB-NP. The present study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying developmental neurotoxicity following maternal nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuto Onoda
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kouji-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Ken Takeda
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
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Onoda A, Takeda K, Umezawa M. Pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine suppresses chronic reactive astrogliosis following maternal nanoparticle exposure during gestational period. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:1012-1025. [PMID: 29046125 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1388864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Early pregnant employees are potentially and unintendedly exposed to industrial chemicals including nanoparticles. Developmental toxicity of nanoparticle exposure has been concerned because exposure to fine particle including carbon black nanoparticle (CB-NP) during the brain developmental stage enhances the risk of brain disorders. Maternal CB-NP exposure dose-dependently induces astrogliosis, which is an abnormal increase in the reactive astrocytes with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and aquaporin-4 overexpression due to the destruction of nearby neurons and blood vessels. The present study aimed to investigate protective effects of antioxidants on the histopathological denaturation with astrogliosis following maternal CB-NP exposure in offspring mice, thereby to evaluate the role of oxidative stress on the developmental toxicity. Pregnant ICR mice were treated with CB-NP by intranasal instillation on gestational days 5 and 9. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or ascorbic acid was intraperitoneally administered to the pregnant mice 1 h prior to CB-NP instillation. The brains were collected from 6- to 12-week-old offspring mice and analyzed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. NAC suppressed GFAP overexpression in 6- and 12-week-old offspring mice following maternal CB-NP exposure. However, NAC did not suppress aquaporin-4 overexpression following maternal CB-NP exposure. Ascorbic acid did not suppress, but rather slightly and significantly enhanced the expression of GFAP and aquaporin-4. These results indicate that astrogliosis by maternal CB-NP exposure is partially prevented by NAC pretreatment. Oxidative stress is a possible key factor of developmental neurotoxicity of maternal NP exposure. This study will contribute to elucidating the mechanisms underlying the effects of developmental neurotoxicity of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuto Onoda
- a Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan.,b The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology , Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan.,c Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science , Chiyoda-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- b The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology , Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- b The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology , Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan.,d Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Katsushika , Tokyo , Japan
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Ghasemi S, Hosseini M, Feizpour A, Alipour F, Sadeghi A, Vafaee F, Mohammadpour T, Soukhtanloo M, Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan A, Beheshti F. Beneficial effects of garlic on learning and memory deficits and brain tissue damages induced by lead exposure during juvenile rat growth is comparable to the effect of ascorbic acid. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 40:206-214. [PMID: 27387089 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1197238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neuroprotective effects of both garlic and ascorbic acid (AA) have been documented. In this study the effects of garlic and ascorbic acid on memory deficits and brain tissue oxidative damages induced by lead exposure was investigated. METHODS The juvenile rats were divided and treated: (1) Control, (2) Lead (lead acetate in drinking water, 8 weeks), (3) Lead - Ascorbic Acid (Lead-AA), (4) Lead - Garlic (100 mg/kg, daily, gavage) (Lead-Gar). RESULTS In Morris water maze (MWM), the escape latency and traveled path in the Lead group were significantly higher while, the time spent in the target quadrant (Q1) was lower than Control. Both Lead-Gar and Lead-AA groups spent more times in Q1than to lead group. There were no significant differences in swimming speed between the groups. In passive avoidance (PA) test, the time latency for entering the dark compartment by Lead group was lower than Control. Treatment of the animals by AA and garlic significantly increased the time latency. In Lead group, the total thiol concentration in brain tissues was significantly lower while, MDA was higher than Control. Treatment by both garlic and AA increased total thiol concentrations and decreased MDA. Both garlic and AA decreased the lead content of brain tissues. CONCLUSION It is suggested that treatment with garlic attenuates the learning and memory impairments due to lead exposure during juvenile rat growth which is comparable to AA. The possible mechanism may be due to its protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage as well the lowering effects of brain lead content.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Escape Reaction/drug effects
- Garlic/chemistry
- Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood/drug therapy
- Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood/pathology
- Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood/physiopathology
- Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood/psychology
- Male
- Malondialdehyde/metabolism
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Memory/drug effects
- Memory Disorders/drug therapy
- Memory Disorders/pathology
- Memory Disorders/physiopathology
- Memory Disorders/psychology
- Neuroprotective Agents/isolation & purification
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Nootropic Agents/isolation & purification
- Nootropic Agents/pharmacology
- Organometallic Compounds
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Roots
- Plants, Medicinal
- Rats, Wistar
- Reaction Time
- Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Simagol Ghasemi
- a Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- a Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Azadeh Feizpour
- b Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alipour
- c Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Akram Sadeghi
- c Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vafaee
- a Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Toktam Mohammadpour
- d Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Iran , and
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- e Department of Clinical Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Alireza Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan
- c Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- a Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Iran
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Nrf2 regulates gene-environment interactions in an animal model of intrauterine inflammation: Implications for preterm birth and prematurity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40194. [PMID: 28071748 PMCID: PMC5223218 DOI: 10.1038/srep40194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality, and surviving infants are at increased risk for lifelong disabilities. Intrauterine inflammation is an etiological factor that drives PTB, and oxidative stress is associated with PTB. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that is the key regulator of the response to oxidative and inflammatory stress. Here, we used the established mouse model of intrauterine inflammation-induced PTB to determine whether Nrf2 is a modifier of susceptibility to PTB and prematurity-related morbidity and mortality in the offspring. We determined that Nr2-deficient (Nrf2−/−) mice exhibited a greater sensitivity to intrauterine inflammation, as indicated by decreased time to delivery, reduced birthweight, and 100% mortality. Placentas from preterm Nrf2−/− mice showed elevated levels of markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death, and transcriptomic analysis identified numerous key signaling pathways that were differentially expressed between wild-type (WT) and Nrf2−/− mice in both preterm and control samples. Thus, Nrf2 could be a critical factor for gene-environment interactions that may determine susceptibility to PTB. Further studies are needed to determine if Nrf2 is a viable therapeutic target in women who are at risk for PTB and associated complications in the affected offspring.
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Zhou Y, Chen YH, Fu L, Yu Z, Xia MZ, Hu XG, Wang H, Xu DX. Vitamin D3 pretreatment protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced early embryo loss through its anti-inflammatory effects. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77. [PMID: 28045211 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Increasing evidence demonstrates that inflammatory cytokines are involved in LPS-induced adverse pregnant outcomes including early embryo loss. Vitamin D3 (VitD3) has anti-inflammatory activity. We aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D3 (VitD3) on LPS-induced early embryo loss in mice. METHOD OF STUDY All pregnant mice except controls were intraperitoneally (ip) injected with LPS on GD7. In VitD3 alone and LPS+VitD3 groups, pregnant mice were pretreated with VitD3 by gavage daily from GD5 to GD7. RESULTS LPS caused 62.5% pregnant mice with early embryo loss. Interestingly, the rate of abortion dropped to 14.3% when pregnant mice were pretreated with VitD3. Additional experiment showed that VitD3 significantly attenuated LPS-evoked elevation on TNF-α, IFN-γ, MIP-2, and nitrate plus nitrite in maternal serum. In addition, VitD3 alleviated LPS-induced COX-2 expression in the decidua and attenuated the elevation of PGF2α in maternal serum. Although VitD3 had no effect on IL-10 in maternal serum, it induced further elevation of serum IL-10 level in LPS-treated mice. Further analysis showed that VitD3 activated VDR signaling, simultaneously inhibited LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunits in the decidua. CONCLUSIONS VitD3 protects mice from LPS-induced early embryo loss at least partially through its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Mi-Zhen Xia
- School of Biological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
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Ascorbic Acid Protects against Hypertension through Downregulation of ACE1 Gene Expression Mediated by Histone Deacetylation in Prenatal Inflammation-Induced Offspring. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39469. [PMID: 27995995 PMCID: PMC5171640 DOI: 10.1038/srep39469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to hypertension in a rat offspring. However, the mechanism is still unclear. This study unraveled epigenetic mechanism for this and explored the protective effects of ascorbic acid against hypertension on prenatal inflammation-induced offspring. Prenatal LPS exposure resulted in an increase of intrarenal oxidative stress and enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels in 6- and 12-week-old offspring, correlating with the augmentation of histone H3 acetylation (H3AC) on the ACE1 promoter. However, the prenatal ascorbic acid treatment decreased the LPS-induced expression of ACE1, protected against intrarenal oxidative stress, and reversed the altered histone modification on the ACE1 promoter, showing the protective effect in offspring of prenatal LPS stimulation. Our study demonstrates that ascorbic acid is able to prevent hypertension in offspring from prenatal inflammation exposure. Thus, ascorbic acid can be a new approach towards the prevention of fetal programming hypertension.
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Chen YH, Hu XG, Zhou Y, Yu Z, Fu L, Zhang GB, Bo QL, Wang H, Zhang C, Xu DX. Obeticholic Acid Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Fetal Death and Intrauterine Growth Restriction through Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4762-4770. [PMID: 27821667 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is expressed in human and rodent placentas. Nevertheless, its function remains obscure. This study investigated the effects of obeticholic acid (OCA), a novel synthetic FXR agonist, on LPS-induced fetal death and intrauterine growth restriction. All pregnant mice except controls were i.p. injected with LPS (100 μg/kg) daily from gestational day (GD) 15 to GD17. Some pregnant mice were orally administered with OCA (5 mg/kg) daily from GD13 to GD17. As expected, placental FXR signaling was activated by OCA. OCA pretreatment protected against LPS-induced fetal death. In addition, OCA pretreatment alleviated LPS-induced reduction of fetal weight and crown-rump length. Additional experiments showed that OCA inhibited LPS-evoked TNF-α in maternal serum and amniotic fluid. Moreover, OCA significantly attenuated LPS-induced upregulation of placental proinflammatory genes including Tnf-α, Il-1β, IL-6, Il-12, Mip-2, Kc, and Mcp-1 By contrast, OCA elevated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, and placenta. Further analysis showed that OCA blocked nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and p50 subunits in trophoblast giant cells of the labyrinth zone. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for placental FXR-mediated anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, this study provides evidence for roles of FXR as an important regulator of placental inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hefei 230032, China; and.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hefei 230032, China; and
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hefei 230032, China; and
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hefei 230032, China; and
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Gui-Bin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qing-Li Bo
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hefei 230032, China; and
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hefei 230032, China; and
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; .,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hefei 230032, China; and
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12
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Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan AR, Hami J, Alipour F, Haghir H, Fazel AR, Sadeghi A. Protective effects of ascorbic acid and garlic extract against lead-induced apoptosis in developing rat hippocampus. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:1123-32. [PMID: 27311610 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lead exposure has negative effects on developing nervous system and induces apoptosis in newly generated neurons. Natural antioxidants (i.e. Ascorbic acid and Garlic) might protect against lead-induced neuronal cell damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Ascorbic acid and Garlic administration during pregnancy and lactation on lead-induced apoptosis in rat developing hippocampus. Timed pregnant Wistar rats were administrated with Lead (1500 ppm) via drinking water (Pb group) or lead plus Ascorbic acid (Pb + AA Group, 500 mg/kg, IP), or lead plus Garlic Extract (Pb + G Group, 1 ml garlic juice/100 g BW, via Gavage) from early gestation (GD 0) until postnatal day 50 (PN 50). At the end of experiments, the pups' brains were carefully dissected. To identify neuronal death, the brain sections were stained with TUNEL assay. Mean of blood and brain lead levels increased significantly in Pb group comparing to other studied groups (P < 0.01). There was significant reduction in blood and brain lead level in Pb + AA and Pb + G groups when compared to those of Pb group (P < 0.01). The mean number of TUNEL positive cells in the CA1, CA3, and DG was significantly lower in the groups treated by either Ascorbic acid or Garlic (P < 0.05). Administration of Ascorbic acid and Garlic during pregnancy and lactation protect against lead-induced neuronal cell apoptosis in the hippocampus of rat pups partially via the reduction of Pb concentration in the blood and in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javad Hami
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali-Reza Fazel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akram Sadeghi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar jarib St, Isfahan, Iran.
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13
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Chao MW, Chen CP, Yang YH, Chuang YC, Chu TY, Tseng CY. N-acetylcysteine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced impairment in lamination of Ctip2-and Tbr1- expressing cortical neurons in the developing rat fetal brain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32373. [PMID: 27577752 PMCID: PMC5006028 DOI: 10.1038/srep32373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammatory insults are the major instigating events of bacterial intrauterine infection that lead to fetal brain injury. The purpose of this study is to investigate the remedial effects of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) for inflammation-caused deficits in brain development. We found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by RAW264.7 cells. Macrophage-conditioned medium caused noticeable cortical cell damage, specifically in cortical neurons. LPS at 25 μg/kg caused more than 75% fetal loss in rats. An increase in fetal cortical thickness was noted in the LPS-treated group. In the enlarged fetal cortex, laminar positioning of the early born cortical cells expressing Tbr1 and Ctip2 was disrupted, with a scattered distribution. The effect was similar, but minor, in later born Satb2-expressing cortical cells. NAC protected against LPS-induced neuron toxicity in vitro and counteracted pregnancy loss and alterations in thickness and lamination of the neocortex in vivo. Fetal loss and abnormal fetal brain development were due to LPS-induced ROS production. NAC is an effective protective agent against LPS-induced damage. This finding highlights the key therapeutic impact of NAC in LPS-caused abnormal neuronal laminar distribution during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Chao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli district, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chie-Pein Chen
- Division of High Risk Pregnancy, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli district, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli district, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yun Chu
- Division of High Risk Pregnancy, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli district, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- International Master Program of Biomedical Material and Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli district, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Center for Nano-Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli district, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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14
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Oxidative Stress in Placenta: Health and Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:293271. [PMID: 26693479 PMCID: PMC4676991 DOI: 10.1155/2015/293271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, development of the placenta is interrelated with the oxygen concentration. Embryo development takes place in a low oxygen environment until the beginning of the second trimester when large amounts of oxygen are conveyed to meet the growth requirements. High metabolism and oxidative stress are common in the placenta. Reactive oxidative species sometimes harm placental development, but they are also reported to regulate gene transcription and downstream activities such as trophoblast proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Autophagy and apoptosis are two crucial, interconnected processes in the placenta that are often influenced by oxidative stress. The proper interactions between them play an important role in placental homeostasis. However, an imbalance between the protective and destructive mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis seems to be linked with pregnancy-related disorders such as miscarriage, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Thus, potential therapies to hold oxidative stress in leash, promote placentation, and avoid unwanted apoptosis are discussed.
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15
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Wu F, Tian FJ, Lin Y, Xu WM. Oxidative Stress: Placenta Function and Dysfunction. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 76:258-71. [PMID: 26589876 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the placenta is a site of active oxygen metabolism that continuously generates oxidative stress (OS). Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species can destroy normal placental functions. Therefore, the feto-placental unit generates abundant antioxidants to keep OS under control. Properly controlled oxidative species have been proven to serve as indispensable cellular signal messengers by regulating gene expression and downstream cellular activities. OS also plays an important immunoregulatory role during pregnancy. Oxidative disorder and immune disturbances are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. In this review, we introduce recent studies revealing basal functions and regulatory roles of placental OS in metabolism and immunity. The relationships between OS- and pregnancy-related disorders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Ju Tian
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Ming Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Zhang Q, Jiang Q, Li N, Dai L, Liu Q, Song L, Wang J, Li Y, Tian J, Ding B, Du Y. DNA origami as an in vivo drug delivery vehicle for cancer therapy. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6633-43. [PMID: 24963790 DOI: 10.1021/nn502058j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many chemotherapeutics used for cancer treatments encounter issues during delivery to tumors in vivo and may have high levels of systemic toxicity due to their nonspecific distribution. Various materials have been explored to fabricate nanoparticles as drug carriers to improve delivery efficiency. However, most of these materials suffer from multiple drawbacks, such as limited biocompatibility and inability to engineer spatially addressable surfaces that can be utilized for multifunctional activity. Here, we demonstrate that DNA origami possessed enhanced tumor passive targeting and long-lasting properties at the tumor region. Particularly, the triangle-shaped DNA origami exhibits optimal tumor passive targeting accumulation. The delivery of the known anticancer drug doxorubicin into tumors by self-assembled DNA origami nanostructures was performed, and this approach showed prominent therapeutic efficacy in vivo. The DNA origami carriers were prepared through the self-assembly of M13mp18 phage DNA and hundreds of complementary DNA helper strands; the doxorubicin was subsequently noncovalently intercalated into these nanostructures. After conducting fluorescence imaging and safety evaluation, the doxorubicin-containing DNA origami exhibited remarkable antitumor efficacy without observable systemic toxicity in nude mice bearing orthotopic breast tumors labeled with green fluorescent protein. Our results demonstrated the potential of DNA origami nanostructures as innovative platforms for the efficient and safe drug delivery of cancer therapeutics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University , Xi'an 710071, China , and Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, China
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17
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Zhao M, Chen YH, Chen X, Dong XT, Zhou J, Wang H, Wu SX, Zhang C, Xu DX. Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced neural tube defects in mice. Toxicol Lett 2014; 224:201-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Goswami M, Sharma D, Khan NM, Checker R, Sandur SK, Jawali N. Antioxidant supplementation enhances bacterial peritonitis in mice by inhibiting phagocytosis. J Med Microbiol 2013; 63:355-366. [PMID: 24307637 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.067173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are known to exhibit numerous health benefits including anti-ageing, anti-apoptotic and immuno-stimulatory effects. However, we present the data showing counterproductive effects of therapeutically relevant antioxidants on bacterial clearance by the immune system in a murine peritonitic model. The antioxidants ascorbic acid, glutathione and N-acetylcysteine augmented morbidity and mortality in mice carrying Eshcerichia coli-induced acute bacterial peritonitis. Treatment of peritonitic mice with antioxidants significantly increased their bacterial load in the range of 0.3-2 logs. Antioxidant administration to peritonitic mice resulted in decreased numbers of macrophages, B-cells and dendritic cells at the primary site of infection and increased neutrophil infiltration. Serum TNF-α levels were also decreased in antioxidant-treated peritonitic mice. In vitro experiments showed that antioxidants reduced the phagocytic efficacy of peritoneal macrophages by ~60-75% and also decreased E. coli-induced oxidative burst in macrophages cells. Taken together, our data indicate that the antioxidants increased the severity of peritonitis by decreasing the phagocytic efficiency, oxidative burst, and TNF-α production, and increasing neutrophil infiltration. Based on these results, we propose that antioxidant supplementation during the course of bacterial infection is not recommended as it could be detrimental for the host. In addition, the present study underlines the importance of timing and context of antioxidant administration rather than indiscriminate usage to gain the best possible therapeutic advantage of these redox compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Goswami
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Nazir M Khan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Narendra Jawali
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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19
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Guo Y, Ma Z, Kou H, Sun R, Yang H, Smith CV, Zheng J, Wang H. Synergistic effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and lipopolysaccharide on preterm delivery and intrauterine fetal death in mice. Toxicol Lett 2013; 221:212-8. [PMID: 23831946 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.06.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of death for newborn infants, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is commonly used to induce preterm delivery in experimental animals. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widespread and occur in foods, herbs, and other plants. This study was to investigate the synergistic effects of LPS and two representative PAs, retrorsine (RTS) and monocrotaline (MCT), on preterm delivery and fetal death. Pregnant Kunming mice were divided into seven groups: control, RTS, MCT, LPS, RTS+LPS and two MCT+LPS groups. Animals in PAs and PAs+LPS groups were dosed intragastrically with RTS (10mg/kg) or MCT (20 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg) from gestational day (GD) 9 to GD16; mice given LPS were injected intraperitoneally with 150 μg/kg on GD15.5. Latencies to delivery, numbers of pups live and dead at birth were recorded, and livers of live neonates were collected. The incidence of LPS-induced preterm birth was enhanced in dams pretreated with MCT, and combination of PAs and LPS increased fetal mortality from PAs. The enhancement of LPS-induced preterm delivery and fetal demise in animals exposed chronically to PAs and other substances found in foods and beverages consumed widely by humans merits further focused investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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20
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Ma N, Hardy DB. The fetal origins of the metabolic syndrome: can we intervene? J Pregnancy 2012; 2012:482690. [PMID: 23029616 PMCID: PMC3457612 DOI: 10.1155/2012/482690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that metabolic programming begins during fetal life and adverse events in utero are a critical factor in the etiology of chronic diseases and overall health. While the underlying molecular mechanisms linking impaired fetal development to these adult diseases are being elucidated, little is known about how we can intervene early in life to diminish the incidence and severity of these long-term diseases. This paper highlights the latest clinical and pharmaceutical studies addressing how dietary intervention in fetal and neonatal life may be able to prevent aspects of the metabolic syndrome associated with IUGR pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Ma
- The Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
- The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
- The Children's Health Research Institute, The Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada N6A 4V2
| | - Daniel B. Hardy
- The Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
- The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
- The Children's Health Research Institute, The Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada N6A 4V2
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21
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Ji YL, Wang Z, Wang H, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Chen YH, Meng XH, Xu DX. Ascorbic acid protects against cadmium-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and germ cell apoptosis in testes. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:357-63. [PMID: 22569276 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a testicular toxicant which induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and germ cell apoptosis in testes. This study investigated the effects of ascorbic acid on Cd-evoked ER stress and germ cell apoptosis in testes. Male mice were intraperitoneally injected with CdCl(2) (2.0 mg/kg). As expected, a single dose of Cd induced testicular germ cell apoptosis. Interestingly, Cd-triggered testicular germ cell apoptosis was almost completely inhibited in mice treated with ascorbic acid. Interestingly, ascorbic acid significantly attenuated Cd-induced upregulation of GRP78 in testes. In addition, ascorbic acid significantly attenuated Cd-triggered testicular IRE1α and eIF2α phosphorylation and XBP-1 activation, indicating that this antioxidant counteracts Cd-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) in testes. Finally, ascorbic acid significantly attenuated Cd-evoked upregulation of CHOP and JNK phosphorylation, two components in ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, ascorbic acid protects mice from Cd-triggered germ cell apoptosis via inhibiting ER stress and UPR in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Ji
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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22
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Boksa P. Effects of prenatal infection on brain development and behavior: a review of findings from animal models. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:881-97. [PMID: 20230889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies with human populations indicate associations between maternal infection during pregnancy and increased risk in offspring for central nervous system (CNS) disorders including schizophrenia, autism and cerebral palsy. Since 2000, a large number of studies have used rodent models of systemic prenatal infection or prenatal immune activation to characterize changes in brain function and behavior caused by the prenatal insult. This review provides a comprehensive summary of these findings, and examines consistencies and trends across studies in an effort to provide a perspective on our current state of understanding from this body of work. Results from these animal modeling studies clearly indicate that prenatal immune activation can cause both acute and lasting changes in behavior and CNS structure and function in offspring. Across laboratories, studies vary with respect to the type, dose and timing of immunogen administration during gestation, species used, postnatal age examined and specific outcome measure quantified. This makes comparison across studies and assessment of replicability difficult. With regard to mechanisms, evidence for roles for several acute mediators of effects of prenatal immune activation has emerged, including circulating interleukin-6, increased placental cytokines and oxidative stress in the fetal brain. However, information required to describe the complete mechanistic pathway responsible for acute effects of prenatal immune activation on fetal brain is lacking, and no studies have yet addressed the issue of how acute prenatal exposure to an immunogen is transduced into a long-term CNS change in the postnatal animal. Directions for further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Boksa
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.
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23
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Wilhelm EA, Jesse CR, Roman SS, Nogueira CW, Savegnago L. Hepatoprotective effect of 3-alkynyl selenophene on acute liver injury induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 87:20-6. [PMID: 19344711 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of 3-alkynyl selenophene (compound a), a selenophene compound, on acute liver injury induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. The animals received compound a (25 and 50 mg/kg; per oral, p.o.) in the first day of treatment. In the second day, the rats received D-GalN (500 mg/kg; intraperitoneal, i.p.) and LPS (50 microg/kg; intraperitoneal, i.p.). Twenty-four hours after D-GalN/LPS administration animals were euthanized to the biochemical and histological analysis. Compound a (25 and 50 mg/kg; p.o.) protected against the increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity induced by D-GalN/LPS. Compound a at 50 mg/kg protected against the increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity induced by D-GalN/LPS. The inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity and the decrease of ascorbic acid levels caused by D-GalN/LPS were protected by compound a (25 and 50 mg/kg). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase activities were not altered in all groups. The histological data showed that sections of liver from D-GalN/LPS-treated rats presented massive hemorrhage, the presence of inflammatory cells and necrosis. Compound a attenuated D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatic histopathological alterations. Based on the results, we demonstrated the hepatoprotective effect of compound a on acute liver injury induced by D-GalN/LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel A Wilhelm
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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24
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Zhao L, Chen YH, Wang H, Ji YL, Ning H, Wang SF, Zhang C, Lu JW, Duan ZH, Xu DX. Reactive oxygen species contribute to lipopolysaccharide-induced teratogenesis in mice. Toxicol Sci 2008; 103:149-57. [PMID: 18281254 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been associated with adverse developmental outcome, including embryonic resorption, fetal death and growth retardation, and preterm delivery. In the present study, we showed that an ip injection with LPS daily from gestational day (gd) 8 to gd 12 resulted in the incidence of external malformations. The highest incidence of malformed fetuses was observed in fetuses from dams exposed to 20 microg/kg LPS, in which 34.9% of fetuses per litter were externally malformed. In addition, 17.4% of fetuses per litter in 30 microg/kg group and 12.5% of fetuses per litter in 10 microg/kg group were externally malformed. Importantly, external malformations were also observed in fetuses from dams exposed to only two doses of LPS (20 microg/kg, ip) on gd 8, in which 76.5% (13/17) of litters and 39.1% of fetuses per litter were affected. LPS-induced teratogenicity seemed to be associated with oxidative stress in fetal environment, measured by lipid peroxidation, nitrotyrosine residues, and glutathione (GSH) depletion in maternal liver, embryo, and placenta. alpha-Phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PBN, 100 mg/kg, ip), a free radical spin-trapping agent, abolished LPS-induced lipid peroxidation, nitrotyrosine residues, and GSH depletion. Consistent with its antioxidant effects, PBN decreased the incidence of external malformations. Taken together, these results suggest that reactive oxygen species might be, at least partially, involved in LPS-induced teratogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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