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Hasan IH, Badr A, Almalki H, Alhindi A, Mostafa HS. Podocin, mTOR, and CHOP dysregulation contributes to nephrotoxicity induced of lipopolysaccharide/diclofenac combination in rats: Curcumin and silymarin could afford protective effect. Life Sci 2023; 330:121996. [PMID: 37536613 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sepsis is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the main gram-negative bacterial cell wall component with a well-documented inflammatory impact. Diclofenac (DIC) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a potential nephrotoxic effect. Curcumin (CUR) and silymarin (SY) are natural products with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ones. The objective of this study was to examine the protective impact of CUR and SY against kidney damage induced by LPS/DIC co-exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups of rats were used; control; LPS/DIC, LPS/DIC + CUR, and LPS/DIC + SY group. LPS/DIC combination induced renal injury at an LPS dose much lower than a nephrotoxic one. KEY FINDING Nephrotoxicity was confirmed by histopathological examination and significant elevation of renal function markers. LPS/DIC induced oxidative stress in renal tissues, evidenced by decreasing reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase, and increasing lipid peroxidation. Inflammatory response of LPS/DIC was associated with a significant increase of renal IL-1β and TNF-α. Treatment with either CUR or SY shifted measured parameters to the opposite side. Moreover, LPS/DIC exposure was associated with upregulation of mTOR and endoplasmic reticulum stress protein (CHOP) and downregulation of podocin These effects were accompanied by reduced gene expression of cystatin C and KIM-1. CUR and SY ameliorated LPS/DIC effect on the aforementioned genes and protein significantly. SIGNIFICANCE This study confirms the potential nephrotoxicity; mechanisms include upregulation of mTOR, CHOP, cystatin C, and KIM-1 and downregulation of podocin. Moreover, both CUR and SY are promising nephroprotective products against LPS/DIC co-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman H Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amira Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen Almalki
- Pharm D program, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud Alhindi
- Pharm D program, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham S Mostafa
- Statistics Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2456, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Korolova D, Gryshchenko V, Chernyshenko T, Platonov O, Hornytska O, Chernyshenko V, Klymenko P, Reshetnik Y, Platonova T. Blood coagulation factors and platelet response to drug-induced hepatitis and hepatosis in rats. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:66-73. [PMID: 36574273 PMCID: PMC9986226 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowing the variability of blood coagulation responses to liver damage of different origins can provide a key to curing liver tissues or to mitigating treatment side effects. The aim of the present work was to compare the changes in the main components of hemostasis under experimental drug-induced hepatosis and hepatitis in rats. METHODS We modeled diclofenac-induced hepatitis and tetracycline-induced hepatosis. Hemostasis response was gauged by measuring fibrinogen, factor X, protein C (PC), and prothrombin in plasma. The decarboxylated form of prothrombin was detected by measuring prothrombin index and ecamulin index. Platelet reactivity was studied using aggregometry. RESULTS Both hepatitis and hepatosis decreased the synthesis of fibrinogen, factor X, and prothrombin. However, protein carboxylation was not disrupted in hepatosis but was much impaired in hepatitis. PC decreased in both models as a consequence of its consumption possibly during inflammatory response. Platelet aggregation rate was lower in hepatosis but higher in hepatitis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply the need for a thorough monitoring of the hemostasis system in liver diseases to avoid possible thrombotic complications. Its state indicates the disorder's rate and character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Korolova
- Department of Structure and function of proteinsPalladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | | | - Tamara Chernyshenko
- Department of Structure and function of proteinsPalladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Oleh Platonov
- Department of Structure and function of proteinsPalladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Olha Hornytska
- Department of Structure and function of proteinsPalladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Volodymyr Chernyshenko
- Department of Structure and function of proteinsPalladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Pavlo Klymenko
- SI “D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine,”KyivUkraine
| | | | - Tetyana Platonova
- Department of Structure and function of proteinsPalladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of UkraineKyivUkraine
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3
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Trovafloxacin drives inflammation-associated drug-induced adverse hepatic reaction through changing macrophage polarization. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 82:105374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Hastings KL, Green MD, Gao B, Ganey PE, Roth RA, Burleson GR. Beyond Metabolism: Role of the Immune System in Hepatic Toxicity. Int J Toxicol 2021; 39:151-164. [PMID: 32174281 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819898399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver is primarily thought of as a metabolic organ; however, the liver is also an important mediator of immunological functions. Key perspectives on this emerging topic were presented in a symposium at the 2018 annual meeting of the American College of Toxicology entitled "Beyond metabolism: Role of the immune system in hepatic toxicity." Viral hepatitis is an important disease of the liver for which insufficient preventive vaccines exist. Host immune responses inadequately clear these viruses and often potentiate immunological inflammation that damages the liver. In addition, the liver is a key innate immune organ against bacterial infection. Hepatocytes and immune cells cooperatively control systemic and local bacterial infections. Conversely, bacterial infection can activate multiple types of immune cells and pathways to cause hepatocyte damage and liver injury. Finally, the immune system and specifically cytokines and drugs can interact in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. This rare disease can result in a disease spectrum that ranges from mild to acute liver failure. The immune system plays a role in this disease spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia E Ganey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert A Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gary R Burleson
- BRT-Burleson Research Technologies, Inc, Morrisville, NC, USA
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5
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Roth RA, Ganey PE. What have we learned from animal models of idiosyncratic, drug-induced liver injury? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:475-491. [PMID: 32324077 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1760246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiosyncratic, drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) continues to plague patients and restrict the use of drugs that are pharmacologically effective. Mechanisms of IDILI are incompletely understood, and a better understanding would reduce speculation and could help to identify safer drug candidates preclinically. Animal models have the potential to enhance knowledge of mechanisms of IDILI. AREAS COVERED Numerous hypotheses have emerged to explain IDILI pathogenesis, many of which center on the roles of the innate and/or adaptive immune systems. Animal models based on these hypotheses are reviewed in the context of their contributions to understanding of IDILI and their limitations. EXPERT OPINION Animal models of IDILI based on an activated adaptive immune system have to date failed to reproduce major liver injury that is of most concern clinically. The only models that have so far resulted in pronounced liver injury are based on the multiple determinant hypothesis or the inflammatory stress hypothesis. The liver pathogenesis in IDILI animal models involves various leukocytes and immune mediators such as cytokines. Insights from animal models are changing the way we view IDILI pathogenesis and are leading to better approaches to preclinical prediction of IDILI potential of new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Patricia E Ganey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
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6
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Effect of probiotic supplementation on oxidative stress markers in rats with diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1615-1622. [PMID: 32458261 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the effect of an antioxidant probiotic pretreatment toward an overdose of diclofenac in rats (100 mg/kg bw). Rats were treated daily with the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius St.sa (109 CFU) during seven successive days and then received a single treatment with diclofenac overdose in distilled water. Liver transaminases (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), histology, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were investigated. In addition, both antioxidant enzyme activity and its mRNA gene expression were studied to evaluate diclofenac hepatotoxicity. The results indicated that probiotic pretreatment reduced diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity through enhancement of the studied hepatic markers and regulation of antioxidant enzyme expression and activity. These findings indicate that the probiotic pretreatment protects rat liver against the oxidative stress induced by diclofenac overdose.
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7
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Selvaraj S, Oh JH, Borlak J. An adverse outcome pathway for immune-mediated and allergic hepatitis: a case study with the NSAID diclofenac. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2733-2748. [PMID: 32372211 PMCID: PMC7395045 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs have the potential to cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI); however, underlying mechanisms are diverse. The concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) has become instrumental for risk assessment of drug class effects. We report AOPs specific for immune-mediated and drug hypersensitivity/allergic hepatitis by considering genomic, histo- and clinical pathology data of mice and dogs treated with diclofenac. The findings are relevant for other NSAIDs and drugs undergoing iminoquinone and quinone reactive metabolite formation. We define reactive metabolites catalyzed by CYP monooxygenase and myeloperoxidases of neutrophils and Kupffer cells as well as acyl glucuronides produced by uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase as molecular initiating events (MIE). The reactive metabolites bind to proteins and act as neo-antigen and involve antigen-presenting cells to elicit B- and T-cell responses. Given the diverse immune systems between mice and dogs, six different key events (KEs) at the cellular and up to four KEs at the organ level are defined with mechanistic plausibility for the onset and progression of liver inflammation. With mice, cellular stress response, interferon gamma-, adipocytokine- and chemokine signaling provided a rationale for the AOP of immune-mediated hepatitis. With dogs, an erroneous programming of the innate and adaptive immune response resulted in mast cell activation; their infiltration into liver parenchyma and the shift to M2-polarized Kupffer cells signify allergic hepatitis and the occurrence of granulomas of the liver. Taken together, diclofenac induces divergent immune responses among two important preclinical animal species, and the injury pattern seen among clinical cases confirms the relevance of the developed AOP for immune-mediated hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanakumar Selvaraj
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Protective effect of royal jelly against diclofenac-induced hepato-renal damage and gastrointestinal ulcerations in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03330. [PMID: 32025584 PMCID: PMC6997571 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Evaluation of traditionally used royal jelly (RJ) for the management of hepato-renal damage and gastrointestinal ulcerations caused by diclofenac. Methods Forty adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups. Rats of the 1st group received only saline and served as normal group. The remaining 3 groups received diclofenac (50 mg/kg/day, I.P.) for 7 days. Group 2 served as diclofenac-control group. Groups 3 and 4 received RJ (150 and 300 mg/kg/day, P.O.) respectively for 30 days. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, blood samples were collected, rats were sacrificed, and livers, kidneys, stomachs & intestines were harvested. Stomachs and intestines were tested for ulcer counts. Serum levels of AST, ALT, creatinine and urea were investigated. Hepatic, renal, gastric and intestinal tissue contents of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) were measured. Histopathological examinations were also performed followed by immunohistochemical determination of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Results Diclofenac administration caused significant deterioration of all the above mentioned parameters. RJ improved hepatic and renal functions. Gastric and intestinal ulcer counts were significantly ameliorated. Hepatic, renal, gastric and intestinal tissue PGE-2 contents and COX-2 expression were significantly elevated. RJ also significantly reduced MPO content and iNOS expression as compared to diclofenac-control group. Improvements of the histopathological pictures of hepatic, renal, gastric and intestinal tissues were also apparent. Conclusion The study demonstrates promising protective effects of RJ against diclofenac-induced hepato-renal damage and gastrointestinal ulceration in rats.
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9
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Hsu YJ, Ho CS, Lee MC, Ho CS, Huang CC, Kan NW. Protective Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on Contusion Induced Muscle Injury. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:53-62. [PMID: 31929738 PMCID: PMC6945554 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.35977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle injuries frequently occur in contact sports events. The current treatment options for soft tissue injuries remain suboptimal and often result in delayed or incomplete recovery of damaged muscles. Resveratrol (RES) is a phenolic phytochemical, well-known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of RES supplementation on inflammation and regeneration in skeletal muscle after a contusion injury, in comparison to a conventional treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). After one week of acclimation, forty eight -week-old male ICR mice were randomly divided into the five groups (n=8 per group): 1) normal control (NC), 2) mass-drop injury without any treatment (mass-drop injury, MDI), 3) post-injury NSAID treatment (MDI+ 10mg/kg NSAID), 4) post-injury RES supplementation (MDI+ 25mg/kg/day RES) and 5) post-injury treatment with RES and NSAID (MDI + resveratrol+ NSAID). After muscle contusion injury of the left gastrocnemius muscle, RES or NSAID were orally administered post-injury once a day for 7 days. Results showed that the MDI group had significantly higher serum uric acid (UA), CREA (creatinine), LDH (lactic dehydrogenase) and creatine kinase (CK) than the normal control group. Treatment with resveratrol reduced muscle damage as evidenced by the significantly decreased serum levels of UA, CREA, LDH and CK after contusion-induced muscle injuries in mice. In addition, RES and RES + NSAID groups promoted muscle satellite cell regeneration with increase in desmin protein after injury. Our results suggest that resveratrol combined with NSAID potentially improve muscle recovery and may be a potential candidate for further development as an effective clinical treatment for muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shen Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.,Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lo-Hsu Foundation, Inc., Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 26546, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shan Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Kan
- Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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10
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Steckling FM, Lima FD, Farinha JB, Rosa PC, Royes LFF, Cuevas MJ, Bresciani G, Soares FA, González-Gallego J, Barcelos RP. Diclofenac attenuates inflammation through TLR4 pathway and improves exercise performance after exhaustive swimming. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 30:264-271. [PMID: 31618484 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of NSAIDs has become a common practice to counteract the pro-inflammatory acute effects of exercise, in order to improve sports performance. The liver, due to its central role in energy metabolism, may be involved primarily in the process of ROS generation and consequently inflammation after exhaustive exercise. OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of diclofenac on the liver TLR4 pathway and time to exhaustion in rats submitted to repeated exhaustive swimming. METHODS An exhaustive test was performed in order to mimic athletes' routine, and inflammatory status and oxidative stress markers were evaluated in the liver. Animals were divided into sedentary and exhaustion groups, with this last performing three exhaustive swimming bouts. At the same time, diclofenac or saline was pre-administered once a day for nine days. RESULTS Data showed significantly increased COX-2, TLR4, and MyD88 protein content in the liver after exhaustive swimming bouts. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines also increased after exhaustive exercise, while these effects were attenuated in the group treated with diclofenac plus exhaustive swimming bouts. The anti-inflammatory modulation provoked by diclofenac treatment was associated with an increased time to exhaustion in the exercise bouts. The exhaustive exercise increased TBARS formation, but diclofenac treatment blunted this elevation, while GSH/GSSG ratios in both exhaustion-saline and exhaustion-diclofenac-treated groups were lower than in the sedentary-saline group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that diclofenac may improve exercise performance and represent an effective tool to ameliorate the pro-inflammatory status in liver when associated with exhaustive exercise, and the liver may be a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia M Steckling
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Frederico D Lima
- Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Juliano B Farinha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Pamela Carvalho Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maria J Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- Grupo de Investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Salud (IRyS), Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Félix Alexandre Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Rômulo P Barcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
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11
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Metabolic Comorbidities and Risk of Development and Severity of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8764093. [PMID: 31531370 PMCID: PMC6720367 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8764093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and rates of diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) have been increasing in recent years as findings from basic research and the examination of clinical databases reveal information about the clinical course, etiology, and prognosis of this complex disease. The prevalence of metabolic comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, fatty liver, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS)) has been increasing during the same period. The results of preclinical and clinical research studies indicate that characteristics of metabolic comorbidities are also factors that affect DILI phenotype and progression. The objective of this review is to present the evidence for DILI and hepatotoxicity mechanisms, incidence, and outcomes in patients with MetS and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, we also summarize the relationships between drugs used to treat metabolic comorbidities and DILI.
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12
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Mou H, Wu S, Zhao G, Wang J. Changes of Th17/Treg ratio in the transition of chronic hepatitis B to liver cirrhosis and correlations with liver function and inflammation. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2963-2968. [PMID: 30936966 PMCID: PMC6434237 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in ratio of T helper 17 cells (Th17) to Treg cells in the transition of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to liver cirrhosis, and the correlations with liver function and inflammation were investigated. A total of 20 normal subjects (control group), 35 CHB patients (CHB group) and 40 post-hepatitis liver cirrhosis patients (liver cirrhosis group) were enrolled into this study. Liver function was measured through the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartic transaminase (AST), and the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining method was used to detect the histopathological features. mRNA expression of inflammation-associated factors was detected using RT-PCR. The protein expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was measured in liver tissues using the immunofluorescent method and western blot assay. In the CHB and liver cirrhosis groups, the increases in Th17 cells were more evident than those in Treg cells. Moreover, an evident increase in levels of ALT and AST was identified in the two groups. Structures of liver tissues in the CHB and liver cirrhosis groups were destroyed with damage to the cell nuclei. The expression of inflammation-associated factors were significantly elevated compared to those in the control group. NF-κB expressed in the CHB and liver cirrhosis groups was significantly higher than that in control group. The results of analysis of variance indicated that differences in the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and NF-κB in the three groups had statistical significance (P<0.01). In conclusion, transition from CHB to liver cirrhosis comes with significant changes in Th17/Treg ratio, which is correlated with a decrease in liver function, and also closely associated with the development and progression of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Mou
- Department of Public Health, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Jindong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264006, P.R. China
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13
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Arakawa K, Ikeyama Y, Sato T, Segawa M, Sekine S, Ito K. Functional modulation of liver mitochondria in lipopolysaccharide/drug co-treated rat liver injury model. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:833-843. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Arakawa
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Yugo Ikeyama
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Tomoyuki Sato
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Masahiro Segawa
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Shuichi Sekine
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Kousei Ito
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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14
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Kawase A, Kaneto A, Ishibashi M, Kobayashi A, Shimada H, Iwaki M. Involvement of diclofenac acyl-β-d-glucuronide in diclofenac-induced cytotoxicity in glutathione-depleted isolated murine hepatocytes co-cultured with peritoneal macrophages. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 29:203-210. [PMID: 30489186 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1544384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Direct hepatotoxic effects of drugs can occur when a parent drug and/or its reactive metabolites induces the formation of reactive oxygen species. Reactive metabolites of diclofenac (DIC) such as DIC acyl-β-d-glucuronide (DIC-AG) bind covalently to proteins, potentially decreasing protein function or inducing an immune response. However, it is unclear whether the macrophages and GSH depletion participate in DIC-induced cytotoxicity. Mouse hepatocytes (Hep) co-cultured with peritoneal macrophages (PMs) were used to clarify the effects of presence of PM with GSH depletion on DIC-induced cytotoxicity in Hep. DIC-AG but not hydroxy-DIC concentrations in medium were significantly increased in Hep co-cultured with PM with GSH depletion. Depletion of GSH resulted in significantly higher LDH leakage. Interestingly, LDH leakage in Hep/PM (1:0.4) with GSH depletion was significantly higher than in Hep/PM (1:0 and 1:0.1) with BSO. It is likely that macrophages with GSH depletion could facilitate DIC-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawase
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kindai University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Ayaka Kaneto
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kindai University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Mao Ishibashi
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kindai University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Akihiro Kobayashi
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kindai University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimada
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kindai University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwaki
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kindai University , Osaka , Japan
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15
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Gaskell H, Ge X, Nieto N. High-Mobility Group Box-1 and Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1005-1020. [PMID: 30202816 PMCID: PMC6128227 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous protein. While initially thought to be simply an architectural protein due to its DNA‐binding ability, evidence from the last decade suggests that HMGB1 is a key protein participating in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury and chronic liver disease. When it is passively released or actively secreted after injury, HMGB1 acts as a damage‐associated molecular pattern that communicates injury and inflammation to neighboring cells by the receptor for advanced glycation end products or toll‐like receptor 4, among others. In the setting of acute liver injury, HMGB1 participates in ischemia/reperfusion, sepsis, and drug‐induced liver injury. In the context of chronic liver disease, it has been implicated in alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, specific posttranslational modifications have been identified that could condition the effects of the protein in the liver. Here, we provide a detailed review of how HMGB1 signaling participates in acute liver injury and chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Gaskell
- Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL.,Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL
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16
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Oppelt A, Kaschek D, Huppelschoten S, Sison-Young R, Zhang F, Buck-Wiese M, Herrmann F, Malkusch S, Krüger CL, Meub M, Merkt B, Zimmermann L, Schofield A, Jones RP, Malik H, Schilling M, Heilemann M, van de Water B, Goldring CE, Park BK, Timmer J, Klingmüller U. Model-based identification of TNFα-induced IKKβ-mediated and IκBα-mediated regulation of NFκB signal transduction as a tool to quantify the impact of drug-induced liver injury compounds. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2018; 4:23. [PMID: 29900006 PMCID: PMC5995845 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-018-0058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has become a major problem for patients and for clinicians, academics and the pharmaceutical industry. To date, existing hepatotoxicity test systems are only poorly predictive and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. One of the factors known to amplify hepatotoxicity is the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), especially due to its synergy with commonly used drugs such as diclofenac. However, the exact mechanism of how diclofenac in combination with TNFα induces liver injury remains elusive. Here, we combined time-resolved immunoblotting and live-cell imaging data of HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes (PHH) with dynamic pathway modeling using ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to describe the complex structure of TNFα-induced NFκB signal transduction and integrated the perturbations of the pathway caused by diclofenac. The resulting mathematical model was used to systematically identify parameters affected by diclofenac. These analyses showed that more than one regulatory module of TNFα-induced NFκB signal transduction is affected by diclofenac, suggesting that hepatotoxicity is the integrated consequence of multiple changes in hepatocytes and that multiple factors define toxicity thresholds. Applying our mathematical modeling approach to other DILI-causing compounds representing different putative DILI mechanism classes enabled us to quantify their impact on pathway activation, highlighting the potential of the dynamic pathway model as a quantitative tool for the analysis of DILI compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Oppelt
- 1Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaschek
- 2Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Suzanna Huppelschoten
- 3Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rowena Sison-Young
- 4MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fang Zhang
- 4MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marie Buck-Wiese
- 1Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Herrmann
- 1Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Malkusch
- 5Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Single Molecule Biophysics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmen L Krüger
- 5Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Single Molecule Biophysics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mara Meub
- 5Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Single Molecule Biophysics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Merkt
- 2Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lea Zimmermann
- 1Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amy Schofield
- 4MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert P Jones
- 4MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,6North Western Hepatobiliary Unit, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hassan Malik
- 6North Western Hepatobiliary Unit, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marcel Schilling
- 1Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- 5Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Single Molecule Biophysics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,7Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bob van de Water
- 3Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher E Goldring
- 4MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Kevin Park
- 4MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jens Timmer
- 2Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,8BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- 1Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Polydatin Protects Rat Liver against Ethanol-Induced Injury: Involvement of CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB p65 Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7953850. [PMID: 29250126 PMCID: PMC5698823 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7953850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption leads to serious liver injury, associating with oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Previous study has demonstrated that polydatin (PD) exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and attenuated ethanol-induced liver damage, but the research remained insufficient. Hence, this experiment aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and potential mechanisms of PD on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results showed that PD pretreatment dramatically decreased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the serum, suppressed the malonaldehyde (MDA) and triglyceride (TG) content and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), andalcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), paralleled by an improvement of histopathology alterations. The protective effect of PD against oxidative stress was probably associated with downregulation of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its target gene haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Moreover, PD inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) via downregulating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65. To conclude, PD pretreatment protects against ethanol-induced liver injury via suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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18
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Barcelos RP, Bresciani G, Cuevas MJ, Martínez-Flórez S, Soares FAA, González-Gallego J. Diclofenac pretreatment modulates exercise-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle of rats through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:757-764. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as diclofenac, are widely used to treat inflammation and pain in several conditions, including sports injuries. This study analyzes the influence of diclofenac on the toll-like receptor-nuclear factor kappa B (TLR-NF-κB) pathway in skeletal muscle of rats submitted to acute eccentric exercise. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control-saline, control-diclofenac, exercise-saline, and exercise-diclofenac. Diclofenac or saline were administered for 7 days prior to an acute eccentric exercise bout. The inflammatory status was evaluated through mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and protein content of COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in vastus lateralis muscle. Data obtained showed that a single bout of eccentric exercise significantly increased COX-2 gene expression. Similarly, mRNA expression and protein content of other inflammation-related genes also increased after the acute exercise. However, these effects were attenuated in the exercise + diclofenac group. TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and p65 were also upregulated after the acute eccentric bout and the effect was blunted by the anti-inflammatory drug. These findings suggest that pretreatment with diclofenac may represent an effective tool to ameliorate the pro-inflammatory status induced by acute exercise in rat skeletal muscle possibly through an attenuation of the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, Campus Universitario, 24071 León, Spain
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- Grupo de Investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Salud Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, 2530388 Chile
| | - Maria José Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, Campus Universitario, 24071 León, Spain
| | | | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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19
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Granitzny A, Knebel J, Müller M, Braun A, Steinberg P, Dasenbrock C, Hansen T. Evaluation of a human in vitro hepatocyte-NPC co-culture model for the prediction of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: A pilot study. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:89-103. [PMID: 28959630 PMCID: PMC5615103 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-cultures of liver and immune cells can be used to detect iDILI compounds. Pro-inflammatory factors are involved in the development of iDILI. The co-exposure of a drug candidate with TNF might be sufficient to predict iDILI.
Interactions between hepatocytes and immune cells as well as inflammatory episodes are frequently discussed to play a critical role in the alteration of the individual susceptibility to idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI). To evaluate this hypothesis and to face the urgent need for predictive in vitro models, we established two co-culture systems based on two human cell lines in presence or absence of pro-inflammatory factors (LPS, TNF), i.e. hepatoma HepG2 cells co-cultured with monocytic or macrophage-like THP-1 cells. HepG2 monocultures served as control scenario. Mono- or co-cultures were treated with iDILI reference substances (Troglitazone [TGZ], Trovafloxacin [TVX], Diclofenac [DcL], Ketoconazole [KC]) or their non-iDILI partner compounds (Rosiglitazone, Levofloxacin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, Fluconazole). The liver cell viability was subsequently determined via WST-Assay. An enhanced cytotoxicity (synergy) or a hormetic response compared to the drug effect in the HepG2 monoculture was considered as iDILI positive. TGZ synergized in co-cultures with monocytes without an additional pro-inflammatory stimulus, while DcL and KC showed a hormetic response. All iDILI drugs synergized with TNF in the simple HepG2 monoculture, indicating its relevance as an initiator of iDILI. KC showed a synergy when co-exposed to both, monocytes and LPS, while TVX and DcL showed a synergy under the same conditions with macrophages. All described iDILI responses were not observed with the corresponding non-iDILI partner compounds. Our first results confirm that an inflammatory environment increases the sensitivity of liver cells towards iDILI compounds and point to an involvement of pro-inflammatory factors, especially TNF, in the development of iDILI.
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Key Words
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- Co-culture model
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern
- Drug-induced liver injury
- EC, effective concentration
- EpCAM, epithelial cellular adhesion molecule
- HSP, heat shock protein
- Idiosyncratic
- Inflammation
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LPS, bacterial lipopolysaccharide
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NPC, non-parenchymal cell
- NSAID, nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drug
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- Preclinical research
- SD, standard deviation
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- iDILI, idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Granitzny
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Knebel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End stage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) research network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (TiHo), Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clemens Dasenbrock
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Hansen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Department of In vitro and Mechanistic Toxicology, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM)Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1Hannover30625Germany
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20
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Massart J, Begriche K, Moreau C, Fromenty B. Role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as risk factor for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. J Clin Transl Res 2017; 3:212-232. [PMID: 28691103 PMCID: PMC5500243 DOI: 10.18053/jctres.03.2017s1.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is often associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which refers to a large spectrum of hepatic lesions including fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Different investigations showed or suggested that obesity and NAFLD are able to increase the risk of hepatotoxicity of different drugs. Some of these drugs could induce more frequently an acute hepatitis in obese individuals whereas others could worsen pre-existing NAFLD. AIM The main objective of the present review was to collect the available information regarding the role of NAFLD as risk factor for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. For this purpose, we performed a data-mining analysis using different queries including drug-induced liver injury (or DILI), drug-induced hepatotoxicity, fatty liver, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (or NAFLD), steatosis and obesity. The main data from the collected articles are reported in this review and when available, some pathophysiological hypotheses are put forward. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS Drugs that could pose a potential risk in obese patients include compounds belonging to different pharmacological classes such as acetaminophen, halothane, methotrexate, rosiglitazone, stavudine and tamoxifen. For some of these drugs, experimental investigations in obese rodents confirmed the clinical observations and unveiled different pathophysiological mechanisms which could explain why these pharmaceuticals are particularly hepatotoxic in obesity and NAFLD. Other drugs such as pentoxifylline, phenobarbital and omeprazole might also pose a risk but more investigations are required to determine whether this risk is significant or not. Because obese people often take several drugs for the treatment of different obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, it is urgent to identify the main pharmaceuticals that can cause acute hepatitis on a fatty liver background or induce NAFLD worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Caroline Moreau
- INSERM, U991, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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21
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Dioscin relieves endotoxemia induced acute neuro-inflammation and protect neurogenesis via improving 5-HT metabolism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40035. [PMID: 28059131 PMCID: PMC5216397 DOI: 10.1038/srep40035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, in addition to causing fatality, is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment among sepsis survivors. The pathologic mechanism of endotoxemia induced acute neuro-inflammation still has not been fully understood. For the first time, we found the disruption of neurotransmitters 5-HT, impaired neurogenesis and activation of astrocytes coupled with concomitant neuro-inflammation were the potential pathogenesis of endotoxemia induced acute neuro-inflammation in sepsis survivors. In addition, dioscin a natural steroidal saponin isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs, enhanced the serotonergic system and produced anti-depressant effect by enhancing 5-HT levels in hippocampus. What is more, this finding was verified by metabolic analyses of hippocampus, indicating 5-HT related metabolic pathway was involved in the pathogenesis of endotoxemia induced acute neuro-inflammation. Moreover, neuro-inflammation and neurogenesis within hippocampus were indexed using quantitative immunofluorescence analysis of GFAP DCX and Ki67, as well as real-time RT-PCR analysis of some gene expression levels in hippocampus. Our in vivo and in vitro studies show dioscin protects hippocampus from endotoxemia induced cascade neuro-inflammation through neurotransmitter 5-HT and HMGB-1/TLR4 signaling pathway, which accounts for the dioscin therapeutic effect in behavioral tests. Therefore, the current findings suggest that dioscin could be a potential approach for the therapy of endotoxemia induced acute neuro-inflammation.
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22
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Roth AD, Lee MY. Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury (IDILI): Potential Mechanisms and Predictive Assays. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9176937. [PMID: 28133614 PMCID: PMC5241492 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9176937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) is a significant source of drug recall and acute liver failure (ALF) in the United States. While current drug development processes emphasize general toxicity and drug metabolizing enzyme- (DME-) mediated toxicity, it has been challenging to develop comprehensive models for assessing complete idiosyncratic potential. In this review, we describe the enzymes and proteins that contain polymorphisms believed to contribute to IDILI, including ones that affect phase I and phase II metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, drug transporters, inflammation, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA). We then describe the various assays that have been developed to detect individual reactions focusing on each of the mechanisms described in the background. Finally, we examine current trends in developing comprehensive models for examining these mechanisms. There is an urgent need to develop a panel of multiparametric assays for diagnosing individual toxicity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Roth
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115-2214, USA
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115-2214, USA
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23
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Differential sensitivity of metabolically competent and non-competent HepaRG cells to apoptosis induced by diclofenac combined or not with TNF-α. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258:71-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Yao H, Hu C, Yin L, Tao X, Xu L, Qi Y, Han X, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Peng J. Dioscin reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory liver injury via regulating TLR4/MyD88 signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:132-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Barcelos RP, Bresciani G, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Cuevas MJ, Soares FAA, Barbosa NV, González-Gallego J. Diclofenac pretreatment effects on the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammatory response to eccentric exercise in rat liver. Life Sci 2016; 148:247-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Thompson RA, Isin EM, Ogese MO, Mettetal JT, Williams DP. Reactive Metabolites: Current and Emerging Risk and Hazard Assessments. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:505-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Thompson
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Emre M. Isin
- DMPK, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Monday O. Ogese
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, Darwin Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome T. Mettetal
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, 35 Gatehouse Dr, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Dominic P. Williams
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, Darwin Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, United Kingdom
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27
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Maiuri AR, Breier AB, Gora LFJ, Parkins RV, Ganey PE, Roth RA. Cytotoxic Synergy Between Cytokines and NSAIDs Associated With Idiosyncratic Hepatotoxicity Is Driven by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:265-80. [PMID: 25953702 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequent causes of idiosyncratic, drug-induced liver injury (IDILI). Mechanisms of IDILI are unknown, but immune responses are suspected to underlie them. In animal models of IDILI, the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) are essential to the pathogenesis. Some drugs associated with IDILI interact with cytokines to kill hepatocytes in vitro, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) might play a role. We tested the hypothesis that caspases and MAPKs are involved in NSAID/cytokine-induced cytotoxicity. NSAIDs that are acetic acid (AA) derivatives and associated with IDILI synergized with TNFα in causing cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, and IFNγ enhanced this interaction. NSAIDs that are propionic acid (PA) derivatives and cause IDILI that is of less clinical concern also synergized with TNFα, but IFNγ was without effect. Caspase inhibition prevented cytotoxicity from AA and PA derivative/cytokine treatment. Treatment with a representative AA or PA derivative induced activation of the MAPKs c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38. Inhibition of either JNK or ERK reduced cytotoxicity from cytokine interactions with AA derivatives. In contrast, an ERK inhibitor potentiated cytotoxicity from cytokine interactions with PA derivatives. An AA derivative but not a PA derivative enhanced IFNγ-mediated activation of STAT-1, and this enhancement was ERK-dependent. These findings raise the possibility that some IDILI reactions result from drug/cytokine synergy involving caspases and MAPKs and suggest that, even for drugs within the same pharmacologic class, synergy with cytokines occurs by different kinase signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Maiuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Anna B Breier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Lukas F J Gora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Robert V Parkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Patricia E Ganey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Robert A Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Ramm S, Morissey B, Hernandez B, Rooney C, Pennington SR, Mally A. Application of a discovery to targeted LC-MS proteomics approach to identify deregulated proteins associated with idiosyncratic liver toxicity in a rat model of LPS/diclofenac co-administration. Toxicology 2015; 331:100-11. [PMID: 25772430 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing experimental and clinical evidence suggest a contribution of non-drug related risk factors (e.g., underlying disease, bacterial/viral infection) to idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDR). Our previous work showed that co-treatment with bacterial endotoxin (LPS) and therapeutic doses of diclofenac (Dcl), an analgesic associated with drug idiosyncrasy in patients, induced severe hepatotoxicity in rats. Here, we used an integrated discovery to targeted LC-MS proteomics approach to identify mechanistically relevant liver and plasma proteins modulated by LPS/Dcl treatment, potentially applicable as early markers for IDRs. Based on pre-screening results and their role in liver toxicity, 47 liver and 15 plasma proteins were selected for targeted LC-MS analysis. LPS alone significantly changed the levels of 19 and 3 of these proteins, respectively. T-kininogen-1, previously suggested as a marker of drug-induced liver injury, was markedly elevated in plasma after repeated Dcl treatment in the absence of hepatotoxicity, possibly indicating clinically silent stress. Dcl both alone and in combination with LPS, caused up-regulation of the ATP synthase subunits (ATP5J, ATPA, and ATPB), suggesting that Dcl may sensitize cells against additional stress factors, such as LPS through generation of mitochondrial stress. Additionally, depletion of plasma fibrinogen was observed in the co-treatment group, consistent with an increased hepatic fibrin deposition and suspected contribution of the hemostatic system to IDRs. In contrast, several proteins previously suggested as liver biomarkers, such as clusterin, did not correlate with liver injury in this model. Taken together, these analyses revealed proteomic changes in a rat model of LPS/Dcl co-administration that could offer mechanistic insight and may serve as biomarkers or safety alert for a drug's potential to cause IDRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramm
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - B Morissey
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Hernandez
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Rooney
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S R Pennington
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Goto S, Deguchi J, Nishio N, Nomura N, Funabashi H. Hepatotoxicants induce cytokine imbalance in response to innate immune system. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:389-404. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Goto
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd
| | - Jiro Deguchi
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd
| | - Naoki Nishio
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd
| | - Naruaki Nomura
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd
| | - Hitoshi Funabashi
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd
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van Swelm RPL, Kramers C, Masereeuw R, Russel FGM. Application of urine proteomics for biomarker discovery in drug-induced liver injury. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44:823-41. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.931341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wink S, Hiemstra S, Huppelschoten S, Danen E, Niemeijer M, Hendriks G, Vrieling H, Herpers B, van de Water B. Quantitative high content imaging of cellular adaptive stress response pathways in toxicity for chemical safety assessment. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:338-55. [PMID: 24450961 DOI: 10.1021/tx4004038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, major leaps forward have been made on the mechanistic understanding and identification of adaptive stress response landscapes underlying toxic insult using transcriptomics approaches. However, for predictive purposes of adverse outcome several major limitations in these approaches exist. First, the limited number of samples that can be analyzed reduces the in depth analysis of concentration-time course relationships for toxic stress responses. Second these transcriptomics analysis have been based on the whole cell population, thereby inevitably preventing single cell analysis. Third, transcriptomics is based on the transcript level, totally ignoring (post)translational regulation. We believe these limitations are circumvented with the application of high content analysis of relevant toxicant-induced adaptive stress signaling pathways using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter cell-based assays. The goal is to establish a platform that incorporates all adaptive stress pathways that are relevant for toxicity, with a focus on drug-induced liver injury. In addition, cellular stress responses typically follow cell perturbations at the subcellular organelle level. Therefore, we complement our reporter line panel with reporters for specific organelle morphometry and function. Here, we review the approaches of high content imaging of cellular adaptive stress responses to chemicals and the application in the mechanistic understanding and prediction of chemical toxicity at a systems toxicology level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Wink
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University , The Netherlands
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