Comparison of binary mixtures of dibutyl phthalate and diisobutyl phthalate cytotoxicity towards skin and lung origin cells in vitro

Systemic investigation of di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) exposure in the risk of cardiovascular via influencing the gut microbiota arachidonic acid metabolism in obese mice model

Phthalate esters (PE), a significant class of organic compounds used in industry, can contaminate humans and animals by entering water and food chains. Recent studies demonstrate the influence of PE on the development and progression of heart diseases, particularly in obese people. Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) was administered orally to normal and diet-induced obese mice in this research to assess cardiovascular risk. The modifications in the microbial composition and metabolites were examined using RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis. Based on the findings, lean group rodents were less susceptible to DIBP exposure than fat mice because of their cardiovascular systems. Histopathology examinations of mice fed a high-fat diet revealed lesions and plagues that suggested a cardiovascular risk. In the chronic DIBP microbial remodeling metagenomics Faecalibaculum rodentium was the predominant genera in obese mice. According to metabolomics data, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism changes caused by DIBP were linked to unfavorable cardiovascular events. Our research offers new understandings of the cardiovascular damage caused by DIBP exposure in obese people and raises the possibility that arachidonic acid metabolism could be used as a regulator of the gut microbiota to avert related diseases.

Associations between mixed exposure to phthalates and latent tuberculosis infection among the general U.S. population from NHANES 2011-2012

Background

People are constantly exposed to phthalates, but few reliable studies have focused on the connection between phthalate exposure and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).

Methods

Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2011-2012). The LTBI was assessed by QuantiFERON®-TB Gold-In-Tube (QFT) or tuberculin skin testing (TST). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per log10 unit change in the concentration of phthalate metabolites were calculated using crude and adjusted logistic regression models. The relationships between mixed phthalate concentrations and LTBI were assessed using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models.

Results

According to the results of the multivariable logistic regression, in a fully adjusted model, only monobenzyl phthalate (MBZP) was negatively associated with LTBI in Q3 (OR (95% CI): 0.485 (0.286,0.823), P = 0.007). According to the restricted cubic spline (RCS) model, there was a linear dose‒response association between all 11 phthalate metabolites and LTBI (p for nonlinearity >0.05). We found a significant positive correlation between mixed phthalate metabolites and LTBI by using fully adjusted BKMR model.

Conclusions

Our analysis demonstrated that LTBI in the general U.S. population is linearly linked with exposure to single or combined phthalates.

Toxic Ingredients in Personal Care Products: A Dermatological Perspective

Environmental dermatology is the study of how environmental factors affect the integumentary system. The environment includes natural and built habitats, encompassing ambient exposure, occupational exposures, and lifestyle exposures secondary to dietary and personal care choices. This review explores common toxins found in personal care products and packaging, such as bisphenols, parabens, phthalates, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, p-phenylenediamine, and formaldehyde. Exposure to these toxins has been associated with carcinogenic, obesogenic, or proinflammatory effects that can potentiate disease. In addition, these compounds have been implicated as endocrine-disrupting chemicals that can worsen dermatological conditions such as acne vulgaris, or dermatitis. Certain pollutants found in personal care products are not biodegradable and have the potential to bioaccumulate in humans. Therefore, even short-term exposure can cause long-lasting issues for communities. The skin is often the first point of contact for environmental exposures and serves as the conduit between environmental toxins and the human body. Therefore, it is important for dermatologists to understand common pollutants and their acute, subacute, and chronic impact on dermatological conditions to better diagnose and manage disease.