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Marinho AD, Lucena da Silva E, Jullyanne de Sousa Portilho A, Lacerda Brasil de Oliveira L, Cintra Austregésilo Bezerra E, Maria Dias Nogueira B, Leitão-Araújo M, Lúcia Machado-Alves M, Correa Neto C, Seabra Ferreira R, de Fátima Aquino Moreira-Nunes C, Elisabete Amaral de Moraes M, Jorge RJB, Montenegro RC. Three snake venoms from Bothrops genus induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in K562 human leukemic cell line. Toxicon 2024; 238:107547. [PMID: 38065258 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is indisputably one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Snake venoms are a potential source of bioactive compounds, complex mixtures constituted mainly of proteins and peptides with several pharmacological possibilities, including the potential to inhibit tumoral cell growth. In the present study, it was evaluated the antitumor effect of crude venom of Bothrops erythromelas (BeV), Bothrops jararaca (from Southern and Southeastern- BjsV and BjsdV, respectively) and Bothrops alternatus (BaV) in in vitro Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cancer cell line model. After 24 h of cell exposure to 10 and 50 μg/mL, BjsV, BjsdV, and BaV exerted a decrease in cell viability in both concentrations. BeV was not cytotoxic and, therefore wasn't chosen for further mechanism of action investigation. Furthermore, morphological alterations show modification typical of apoptosis. Also, was observes a significant cell cycle arrest in the S phase by BjsdV and BaV treatment. Flow cytometry evidenced the involvement of changes in the cell membrane permeability and the mitochondrial function by BjsV and BjsdV, corroborating with the triggering of the apoptotic pathway by the venom administration. BjsV, BjsdV, and BaV also led to extensive DNA damage and were shown to modulate the gene expression of transcripts related to the cell cycle progression and suppress the expression of the BCR-ABL1 oncogene. Altogether, these findings suggest that the venoms trigger the apoptosis pathway due to mitochondrial damage and cell cycle arrest, with modulation of intracellular pathways important for CML progression. Thus, indicating the pharmacological potential of these venoms in the development of new antitumoral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline D Marinho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Emerson Lucena da Silva
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adrhyann Jullyanne de Sousa Portilho
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Laís Lacerda Brasil de Oliveira
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Cintra Austregésilo Bezerra
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Maria Dias Nogueira
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Moema Leitão-Araújo
- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Núcleo Regional de Ofiologia de Porto Alegre, Dr. Salvador França St., 1427, 90690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Machado-Alves
- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Núcleo Regional de Ofiologia de Porto Alegre, Dr. Salvador França St., 1427, 90690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Correa Neto
- Instituto Vital Brazil, Maestro José Botelho St., 64, 24230-410, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, César Pernetta St., 1573-1675, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, São Paulo State University, José Barbosa de Barros St., 1780, 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline de Fátima Aquino Moreira-Nunes
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Amaral de Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta J B Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Raquel C Montenegro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Hora PS, Nogueira Junior JRDJ, Couto RD, Campos LMDCC, Soares TDJ, Casais-E-Silva LL, Souza SID. Renal functional and structural alterations induced by intramuscular injection of Bothrops leucurus venom. Toxicon 2023; 234:107265. [PMID: 37673342 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main cause of death from Bothrops snakebite. Although many studies have investigated the nephrotoxicity induced by other Bothrops species, no study has assessed the renal alterations induced by intramuscular (i.m.) injection of Bothrops leucurus venom. In this study, we evaluated the nephrotoxicity induced by B. leucurus venom by analyzing renal function and histology. Wistar rats were submitted to i. m. injection of B. leucurus venom or saline and divided into two groups: Control group (C), rats submitted to i. m. injections of saline, and B. leucurus group (Bl), rats submitted to i. m. injections of B. leucurus venom (1 mg/kg). After venom or saline injection, serum and urine were collected to measure creatinine, albumin, sodium, and potassium levels. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary flow urinary, creatinine/serum creatinine ratio, and albuminuria-urinary creatinine ratio were determined. All rats were euthanized 72 h following the injections, and the kidneys were removed for histology and immunohistochemical studies. B. leucurus experimental envenoming was accompanied by an increase of 236% in serum creatine kinase activity in the Bl group. The weights of the right and left kidneys were, respectively, 26 and 22% higher in rats of the Bl group than in control rats. Regarding renal function, the Bl group showed a decrease of 37% in GFR compared to control group. The rats of the Bl group also presented increased cortical (8.20 ± 1.35) and medullar (6.17 ± 2.00) tubulointerstitial lesion area when compared to control group (0.02 ± 0.00) (1.20 ± 0.73), respectively. The number of macrophages was also higher in the renal cortex (6.66 ± 0.06) and medulla (1.22 ± 0.10) of rats from the Bl group when compared to control rats (1.04 ± 0.55), (0.65 ± 0.10), respectively. Our results indicate that B. leucurus venom promoted significant histological and functional renal alterations following intramuscular inoculation, which simulates the majority of snakebites observed in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Santos Hora
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029094, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo David Couto
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170115, Brazil
| | | | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029094, Brazil
| | | | - Samira Itana de Souza
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40231300, Brazil.
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Teixeira-Cruz JM, Martins-Ferreira J, Monteiro-Machado M, Strauch MA, de Moraes JA, Amaral LS, Valente RC, Melo PA, Quintas LEM. Heparin prevents the cytotoxic activity of Bothrops jararacussu and Apis mellifera venoms in renal cells. Toxicon 2023; 223:107011. [PMID: 36584790 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Envenomation by Bothrops snakes and Apis mellifera bee may imply systemic disorders which affect well-perfused organs such as kidneys, a process that can lead to acute renal failure. Nevertheless, there is scarce information regarding a direct renal cell effect and the putative antagonism by antivenoms. Here the cytotoxic effect of B. jararacussu and A. mellifera venoms was evaluated in the renal proximal tubule cell line LLC-PK1, as well as the antagonism of this effect by heparin. B. jararacussu venom showed significant cytotoxicity as assessed by LDH release and MTT reduction, with a sharp decline of the cell number after 180 min (>90% at 50 μg/mL). A. mellifera venom produced a much faster and potent cytotoxic activity, conferring almost no viable cells after 15 min at 25 μg/mL. Phase contrast microscopy revealed that while B. jararacussu venom induced a progressive loss of cell adhesion and detachment, A. mellifera venom promoted a rapid plasma membrane disruption and nuclear condensation suggestive of necrotic cell death. Pre-incubation of both venoms with heparin for 30 min significantly reduced cytotoxicity. Our results demonstrate direct toxicity of B. jararacussu and A. mellifera venoms toward renal cells but with distinct kinetics and cell pattern, suggesting different mechanisms of action. In addition, the antagonistic, cytoprotective effect of heparin ascribes such compound as a promising drug for preventing renal failure from envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatha M Teixeira-Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jainne Martins-Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Monteiro-Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Strauch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Vital Brazil, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Alfredo de Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael C Valente
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa Em Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo M Quintas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Resiere D, Mehdaoui H, Neviere R. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Snakebite Envenomation: A Brief Descriptive Review and Clinical Implications. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110802. [PMID: 36422976 PMCID: PMC9694585 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a pathological condition which may occur in response to the injection of venom. Snake venoms contain a complex mixture of biologically active molecules which are responsible for a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from local tissue injuries to fatal complications. Snake venom administration commonly provokes local tissue injury often associated with systemic effects, including neurotoxic and cardiotoxic manifestations, bleeding, acute kidney injury, and rhabdomyolysis. An important spectrum of pathogenesis of snake envenomation is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can directly provoke tissue damage and also potentiate the deleterious consequences of inflammation at the bite site. Snake venom components known to induce oxidative stress include phospholipases A2, metalloproteinases, three-finger toxins, and L-amino acid oxidase. Clear evidence is mounting suggesting that inflammation and oxidative stress participate in the destructive effects of envenoming, including acute renal failure, tissue necrosis, and unusual susceptibility to bleed (hemorrhage), mostly due to hypocoagulability, neuro/cardio toxicity, and myonecrosis. Impaired regulation of oxidative stress may also set the stage for secondary/long-term complications of snakebite envenomation such as musculoskeletal disabilities. Some aspects of natural antioxidant therapeutic options are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabor Resiere
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, University of the French West Indies, 97157 Fort de France, France
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Toxicology and Emergency, CHU Martinique, University Hospital of Martinique, 97200 Fort de France, France
| | - Hossein Mehdaoui
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, University of the French West Indies, 97157 Fort de France, France
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Toxicology and Emergency, CHU Martinique, University Hospital of Martinique, 97200 Fort de France, France
| | - Remi Neviere
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, University of the French West Indies, 97157 Fort de France, France
- Correspondence:
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Marinho AD, Coelho Jorge AR, Nogueira Junior FA, Alison de Moraes Silveira J, Rocha DG, Negreiros Nunes Alves AP, Ferreira RS, Bezerra Jorge RJ, Azul Monteiro HS. Effects of cilostazol, a Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor, on kidney function and redox imbalance in acute kidney injury caused by Bothrops alternatus venom. Toxicon 2022; 220:106922. [PMID: 36167141 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in snakebites is multifactorial and involves hemodynamic disturbances, with release of free radical causing cytotoxic effects. The phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE3) inhibitor, Cilostazol, has been reported to provide protection against renal oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the protective effects of cilostazol against Bothrops alternatus snake venom (BaV)-induced nephrotoxicity. METHODS Wistar rat kidneys (n = 6, 260-300 g) were isolated and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 6 g/100 mL of bovine serum albumin. After 30 min, the kidneys were perfused with BaV to a final concentration of 1 and 3 μg/mL, and subsequently evaluated for perfusion pressure (PP), renal vascular resistance (RVR), urinary flow (UF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and percentage of electrolyte tubular sodium and chloride transport (%TNa+, %TCl-). Oxidative stress and renal histological analyses were performed. RESULTS BaV caused a reduction in all the evaluated renal parameters (PP, RVR, GFR, UF, %TNa+, and %TCl-). Although only the effects on PP and UF were reversed with cilostazol treatment, the decrease in the malondialdehyde levels, without changes in glutathione levels, further reduced the venom-induced renal tissue changes. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that PDE3 is involved in BaV-induced nephrotoxicity, as cilostazol administration significantly ameliorated these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Diogo Marinho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Rafael Coelho Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Assis Nogueira Junior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Alison de Moraes Silveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Danilo Galvão Rocha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Dental Clinic, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Monsenhor Furtado St., 60.430-350, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, São Paulo State University, José Barbosa de Barros St., 1780, 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Helena Serra Azul Monteiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Jorge ARC, Marinho AD, Silveira JADM, Nogueira Junior FA, de Aquino PEA, Alves APNN, Jorge RJB, Ferreira Junior RS, Monteiro HSA. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil attenuates kidney injury induced by Bothrops alternatus snake venom. Toxicon 2021; 202:46-52. [PMID: 34516995 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury pathogenesis in envenoming by snakes is multifactorial and involves immunologic reactions, hemodynamic disturbances, and direct nephrotoxicity. Sildenafil (SFC), a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, has been reported to protect against pathological kidney changes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of sildenafil against Bothrops alternatus snake venom (BaV)-induced nephrotoxicity. METHODS Kidneys from Wistar rats (n = 6, weighing 260-300 g) were isolated and divided into four groups: (1) perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution (MKHS) containing 6 g% of bovine serum albumin; (2) administered 3 μg/mL SFC; (3) perfused with 3 μg/mL BaV; and (4) administered SFC + BaV, both at 3 μg/mL. Subsequently, the perfusion pressure (PP), renal vascular resistance (RVR), urinary flow (UF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and percentage of electrolyte tubular sodium and chloride transport (%TNa+, %TCl-, respectively) were evaluated. The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were analyzed in the perfusate, and the kidneys were removed to perform oxidative stress and histopathological analyses. RESULTS All renal parameters evaluated were reduced with BaV. In the SFC + BaV group, SFC restored PP to normal values and promoted a significant increase in %TNa+ and %TCl-. cGMP levels were increased in the SFC + BaV group. The oxidative stress biomarkers, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), were reduced by BaV. In the SFC + BaV group, a decrease in MDA without an increase in GSH was observed. These findings were confirmed by histological analysis, which showed improvement mainly in tubulis. CONCLUSION Our data suggest the involvement of phosphodiesterase-5 and cGMP in BaV-induced nephrotoxicity since its effects were attenuated by the administration of SFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Rafael Coelho Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Aline Diogo Marinho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - João Alison de Moraes Silveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Assis Nogueira Junior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Everson Alexandre de Aquino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Dental Clinic, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Monsenhor Furtado St., 60.430-350, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira Junior
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, São Paulo State University, José Barbosa de Barros St. 1780, 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Serra Azul Monteiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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7
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Marinho AD, Silveira JADM, Chaves Filho AJM, Jorge ARC, Nogueira Júnior FA, Pereira VBM, de Aquino PEA, Pereira CAS, Evangelista JSAM, Macedo DS, Lima Júnior RCP, Toyama MH, Jorge RJB, Pereira GJS, Monteiro HSA. Bothrops pauloensis snake venom-derived Asp-49 and Lys-49 phospholipases A2 mediates acute kidney injury by oxidative stress and release of inflammatory cytokines. Toxicon 2020; 190:31-38. [PMID: 33307108 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The envenomation caused by the Bothrops pauloensis snake leads to severe local and systemic effects including acute kidney injury. In this study, we investigated the renal effects by phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), divided into two main subgroups, Asp-49 and Lys-49, isolated from the Bothrops pauloensis snake venom (BpV) in isolated rat kidney system. Both PLA2s (3 μg/mL), added alone to the perfusion system and analyzed for 120 min, had significant effects on isolated rat kidney. Asp-49 reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) at 60, 90 and 120 min, and the percentage of total tubular sodium transport (%TNa+) and potassium transport (%TK+) at 120 min. Lys-49 increased Perfusion Pressure (PP) at 120 min and reduced GFR, %TNa+ and the percentage of total tubular chloride transport (%TCl-) at 60, 90 and 120 min. Cytokine release in the kidney tissues were increased with Asp-49 PLA2 (IL-10) and Lys-49 PLA2 (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10). Both increased MPO activity. Asp-49 PLA2 decreased Glutathione (GSH) and increased nitrite levels, while Lys-49 PLA2 increased Malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH and nitrite levels. Histological analysis of the perfused kidneys revealed the presence of glomerular degeneration and atrophy, deposit of proteinaceous material in Bowman's space and intratubular with both PLA2s. These findings indicated that both PLA2s modified the functional parameters in an isolated perfused kidney model with increased oxidative stress and cytokine release. PLA2s are one of the components at high concentration in BpV and our results provide important knowledge about their involvement with the nephrotoxic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Diogo Marinho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - João Alison de Moraes Silveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Antônio Rafael Coelho Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Assis Nogueira Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Venúcia Bruna Magalhães Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Everson Alexandre de Aquino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cássia Arruda Souza Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio St., 100, 04.044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Silveira Macedo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberto César Pereira Lima Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Hikari Toyama
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gustavo José Silva Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio St., 100, 04.044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Serra Azul Monteiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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8
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A lipidomics approach reveals new insights into Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops moojeni snake venoms. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:345-353. [PMID: 32880718 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation causes > 81,000 deaths and incapacities in another 400,000 people worldwide every year. Snake venoms are complex natural secretions comprised of hundreds of different molecules with a wide range of biological functions that after injection cause local and systemic manifestations. Although several studies have investigated snake venoms, the majority have focused on the protein portion (toxins), without significant attention paid to the lipid fraction. Therefore, an untargeted lipidomic approach based on liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was applied to investigate the lipid constituents of venoms of the snake species Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops moojeni. Phosphatidylcholines (PC), Lyso-PCs, phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), Lyso-PE, phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), ceramides (Cer), and sphingomyelin (SM) species were detected in the analyzed snake venoms. The identified lipids included bioactive compounds such as platelet-activating factor (PAF) precursor, PAF-like molecules, plasmalogens, ceramides, and sphingomyelins with long fatty acid chain lengths, which may be associated with the systemic responses triggered by C. d. terrificus and B. moojeni envenomation. These responses include platelet aggregation, activation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), apoptosis, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, cytokines, and reactive species. The newly proposed lipidomics strategy provided valuable information regarding the lipid profiles of viperid venoms, which could lead to increased understanding of the complex pathology promoted by snakebite envenomation.
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Albuquerque PLMM, Paiva JHHGL, Martins AMC, Meneses GC, da Silva GB, Buckley N, Daher EDF. Clinical assessment and pathophysiology of Bothrops venom-related acute kidney injury: a scoping review. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20190076. [PMID: 32704246 PMCID: PMC7359628 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bothrops are one of the most common medically important snakes found in Latin America. Its venom is predominantly hemotoxic and proteolytic, which means that local lesion (edema and redness) and hemorrhagic symptoms are recurrent in envenoming by this snake. Although hemorrhage is usually the major cause of death, snakebite-related acute kidney injury is another potentially fatal clinical complication that may lead to chronic kidney disease. The present review highlights the main studies on Bothrops venom-related acute kidney injury, including observational, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort human studies available up to December 2019. The following descriptors were used according to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): on Medline/Pubmed and Google Scholar "acute kidney injury" or "kidney disease" and "Bothrops"; on Lilacs and SciELO "kidney disease" or "acute kidney injury" and "Bothrops". Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to appraise the quality of the cross-sectional and cohort studies included. The selection of more severe patients who looked for health care units and tertiary centers is a risk of bias. Due to the methodological heterogeneity of the studies, a critical analysis of the results was performed based on the hypothesis that the design of the included studies influences the incidence of acute kidney injury. Fifteen human studies (total participants 4624) were included according to stablished criteria. The coagulation abnormalities (hemorrhagic symptoms, abnormal fibrinogen and activated partial thromboplastin time) were associated with acute kidney injury in the most recent studies reported. The findings observed in this review provide up-to-date evidence about the acute kidney injury pathogenesis following Bothrops syndrome. Studies pointed out that coagulation abnormalities comprise the major pathway for acute kidney injury development. This review may improve patient management by primary healthcare providers, allowing earlier diagnosis and treatment of Bothrops venom-related acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polianna Lemos Moura Moreira Albuquerque
- University of Fortaleza (Unifor), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Toxicological Information and Assistance Center, Instituto Doutor Jose Frota Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Geraldo Bezerra da Silva
- Public Health and Medical Sciences Graduate Programs, School of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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10
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Júnior FAN, Jorge ARC, Marinho AD, Silveira JADM, Alves NTQ, Costa PHS, E Silva PLB, Chaves-Filho AJM, Lima DB, Sampaio TL, Morais GBD, Evangelista JSAM, Martins AMC, Júnior RSF, Macedo DS, Jorge RJB, Monteiro HSA. Bothrops alternatus Snake Venom Induces Cytokine Expression and Oxidative Stress on Renal Function. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2058-2068. [PMID: 31400266 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190809100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Envenomation caused by Bothrops alternatus is common in Southern Brazil. Acute Kidney Injury occurs after Bothrops snakebite and more information is necessaryrequired to understand its mechanism. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effect of Bothrops alternatus venom (BaV) on renal cells and rat isolated kidney function. METHODS Wistar rats (n = 6, weighing 260-320 g) were perfused with a Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 6 g 100 mL-1 of bovine serum albumin. After 30 minutes, the kidneys were perfused with BaV to a final concentration of 1 and 3 μgmL-1; and subsequently were evaluated for Perfusion Pressure (PP), Renal Vascular Resistance (RVR), Urinary Flow (UF), Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), and percentage of electrolyte tubular transport. Renal histological analysis, cytokine release, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in renal proximal tubular cells were assessed. RESULTS BaV reduced PP, RVR, GFR, UF, total and proximal sodium transport (%TNa+), and chloride (%TCl-) in the isolated kidney perfusion model. Histological analysis of perfused kidneys disclosed the presence of proteinaceous material in the glomeruli and renal tubules, vacuolar tubular epithelial cell degeneration, Bowman's capsule degeneration, swelling of glomerular epithelial cells, glomerular atrophy and degeneration, and the presence of intratubular protein. Cytokine release (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10) and oxidative stress were increased in the kidneys. The viability of LLC-MK2 cells (IC50: 221.3 μg/mL) was decreased by BaV and necrosis was involved in cell death. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that BaV modifies functional parameters in an isolated perfused kidney model and has cytotoxic effects on renal lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Nogueira Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A R Coelho Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A D Marinho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J A de Moraes Silveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - N T Queiroz Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - P H Sá Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - P L Braga E Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A J Maia Chaves-Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - D B Lima
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - T L Sampaio
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - G B de Morais
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - A M Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R S Ferreira Júnior
- Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos - CEVAP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D S Macedo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R J Bezerra Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - H S Azul Monteiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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11
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Villalta M, Sampaio TL, de Menezes RRPPB, Lima DB, Jorge ARC, Alves RS, Monteiro HSA, Gawarammana I, Maduwage K, Malleappah R, León G, Martins AMC, Gutiérrez JM. Nephrotoxicity induced by the venom of Hypnale hypnale from Sri Lanka: Studies on isolated perfused rat kidney and renal tubular cell lines. Toxicon 2019; 165:40-46. [PMID: 31034846 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The hump-nosed pit viper Hypnale hypnale is responsible for a high number of snakebite cases in southwestern India and Sri Lanka. Although most patients only develop local signs and symptoms of envenoming, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that these envenomings may be associated with systemic alterations, including acute kidney injury. In this study we evaluated the renal toxicity of H. hypnale venom by using a perfused isolated rat kidney system and by assessing cytotoxicity in two different renal tubular cell lines in culture. The venom caused alterations in several renal functional parameters, such as reduction on perfusion pressure, renal vascular resistance, and sodium and chloride tubular transport, whereas glomerular filtration rate and urinary flow initially decreased and then increased after venom perfusion. In addition, this venom was cytotoxic to proximal and distal renal tubular cells in culture, with predominance of necrosis over apoptosis. Moreover, the venom affected the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced an increment in reactive oxygen species in these cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate a nephrotoxic activity of H. hypnale venom in these experimental models, in agreement with clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauren Villalta
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Tiago Lima Sampaio
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Dânya Bandeira Lima
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Sousa Alves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roy Malleappah
- Animal Venom Research International (AVRI), California, USA
| | - Guillermo León
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alice M C Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
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Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Antivenom Research. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10100393. [PMID: 30261694 PMCID: PMC6215175 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Antivenom cross-reactivity has been investigated for decades to determine which antivenoms can be used to treat snakebite envenomings from different snake species. Traditionally, the methods used for analyzing cross-reactivity have been immunodiffusion, immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enzymatic assays, and in vivo neutralization studies. In recent years, new methods for determination of cross-reactivity have emerged, including surface plasmon resonance, antivenomics, and high-density peptide microarray technology. Antivenomics involves a top-down assessment of the toxin-binding capacities of antivenoms, whereas high-density peptide microarray technology may be harnessed to provide in-depth knowledge on which toxin epitopes are recognized by antivenoms. This review provides an overview of both the classical and new methods used to investigate antivenom cross-reactivity, the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and examples of studies using the methods. A special focus is given to antivenomics and high-density peptide microarray technology as these high-throughput methods have recently been introduced in this field and may enable more detailed assessments of antivenom cross-reactivity.
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13
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Evaluation of KIM-1 as an early biomarker of snakebite-induced AKI in mice. Toxicon 2018; 151:24-28. [PMID: 29909065 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most important complications of bothropic poisoning and its early identification remains challenging. The nephrotoxicity of Bothrops insularis venom (BinsV) was previously described by our research group. In this study, we continued to evaluate the effect of BinsV on kidney function in mice and LLC-MK2 proximal tubule cells, evaluating KIM-1 protein as an early AKI biomarker. Male Swiss mice were inoculated with BinsV intramuscularly and observed for 24 h in a metabolic cage model. Urine and blood were collected for biochemical analyses and the kidneys were examined for oxide-reducing balance and submitted to histological analysis. LLC-MK2 cells incubated with BinsV were assessed for cell viability and cell death mechanism by flow cytometry. Histological analysis of the kidneys indicated AKI and the oxide-reducing analyses demonstrated a decreasing in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and an increasing on Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. BinsV was cytotoxic to LLC-MK2 and the cytometry analyses suggested necrosis. Within 24 h after the envenomation, urinary creatinine did not increase, but the urinary levels of KIM-1 increased. In conclusion, we found AKI evidence in the kidney tissue and the increase in the KIM-1 levels suggest it can be used as an early AKI biomarker.
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14
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Jorge RJB, Jorge ARC, de Menezes RRPPB, Mello CP, Lima DB, Silveira JADM, Alves NTQ, Marinho AD, Ximenes RM, Corrêa-Netto C, Gonçalves Machado L, Zingali RB, Martins AMC, Monteiro HSA. Differences between renal effects of venom from two Bothrops jararaca populations from southeastern and southern Brazil. Toxicon 2016; 125:84-90. [PMID: 27867094 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.11.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Components from animal venoms may vary according to the snake's age, gender and region of origin. Recently, we performed a proteomic analysis of Bothrops jararaca venom from southern (BjSv) and southeastern (BjSEv) Brazil, showing differences in the venom composition, as well as its biological activity. To continue the study, we report in this short communication the different effects induced by the BjSEv and BjSv on isolated kidney and MDCK renal cells. BjSEv decreased perfusion pressure (PP) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) and increased urinary flow (UF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), while BjSv did not alter PP and RVR and reduced UF and GFR. Both types of venom, more expressively BjSEv, reduced %TNa+, %TK+ and %Cl-. In MDCK cells, the two types of venom showed cytotoxicity with IC50 of 1.22 μg/mL for BjSv and 1.18 μg/mL for BjSEv and caused different profiles of cell death, with BjSv being more necrotic. In conclusion, we suggest that BjSv is more nephrotoxic than BjSEv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Clarissa Perdigão Mello
- Departmento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Danya Bandeira Lima
- Departmento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aline Diogo Marinho
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Rafael Matos Ximenes
- Departmento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carlos Corrêa-Netto
- Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Gonçalves Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Russolina Benedeta Zingali
- Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Departmento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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de Sousa FCM, Jorge ARC, de Menezes RRPPB, Torres AFC, Mello CP, Lima DB, Borges Nojosa DM, Havt A, Alves RS, Martins AMC, Monteiro HSA. Bothrops erythromelas ( ) venom induces apoptosis on renal tubular epithelial cells. Toxicon 2016; 118:82-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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