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Deng Y, Chen JY, Wang Y, Wang YL, Liu J, Peng Z, Zhou J, Lu K, Wen X, Chen X, Pang S, Wang D, Li M, Du S, Cao SJ, Zhao Q. Evaluating the Immunogenic Potential of ApxI and ApxII from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: An Immunoinformatics-Driven Study on mRNA Candidates. Vet Sci 2025; 12:414. [PMID: 40431507 PMCID: PMC12115502 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12050414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2025] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Porcine infectious pleuropneumonia (PCP) caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) leads to severe economic losses in swine production. Commercial vaccines offer limited cross-protection for the 19 serotypes, while APP mRNA vaccines remain unexplored. This study evaluated eight candidate APP proteins (ApxI-IV, OlmA, TbpB, GalT, and GalU) using immunobioinformatics tools, and their immunogenicity and cross-protection were assessed in a mouse model. The results revealed that ApxI and ApxII excel due to their stability, strong antigenicity, non-sensitization, and high immune receptor affinity. Compared to the PBS group, both ApxI and ApxII induced higher serum IgG, IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels. Following challenge with the two most prevalent APP strains in Mainland China, APP 5b and APP 1, the survival rates for ApxI (71.4% and 62.5%) and ApxII (75% and 71.4%) were measured, with notably reduced lung lesions and neutrophil infiltration. These findings highlight ApxI and ApxII's potential in mRNA vaccine development as a promising approach to overcome current vaccine limitations. Future research should focus on creating APP mRNA vaccines and testing their efficacy in swine. This study is the first to combine immunoinformatics with experimental validation for APP mRNA vaccine antigens, representing a novel contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Deng
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Jia-Yong Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Yu-Luo Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Jiale Liu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Zhiling Peng
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Kun Lu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Xin Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Xizhu Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Siyu Pang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Dan Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Miaohan Li
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - San-Jie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.-L.W.); (J.L.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); (K.L.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (M.L.); (S.D.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
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Khlebnikova A, Kirshina A, Zakharova N, Ivanov R, Reshetnikov V. Current Progress in the Development of mRNA Vaccines Against Bacterial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13139. [PMID: 39684849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252313139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections have accompanied humanity for centuries. The discovery of the first antibiotics and the subsequent golden era of their discovery temporarily shifted the balance in this confrontation to the side of humans. Nevertheless, the excessive and improper use of antibacterial drugs and the evolution of bacteria has gotten the better of humans again. Therefore, today, the search for new antibacterial drugs or the development of alternative approaches to the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections is relevant and topical again. Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for the prevention of bacterial infections. The success of new-generation vaccines, such as mRNA vaccines, in the fight against viral infections has prompted many researchers to design mRNA vaccines against bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the biology of bacteria and their interactions with the host's immunity are much more complex compared to viruses. In this review, we discuss structural features and key mechanisms of evasion of an immune response for nine species of bacterial pathogens against which mRNA vaccines have been developed and tested in animals. We focus on the results of experiments involving the application of mRNA vaccines against various bacterial pathogens in animal models and discuss possible options for improving the vaccines' effectiveness. This is one of the first comprehensive reviews of the use of mRNA vaccines against bacterial infections in vivo to improve our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Khlebnikova
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Anna Kirshina
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Natalia Zakharova
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Roman Ivanov
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Reshetnikov
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
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Tian X, Li J, Liu S, Dong Q, Fu Y, Luo R, Sun Y, Guo L, Lu Q, Ye C, Liu J, Fu S, Qiu Y. Anemoside B4 attenuates necrotic enteritis of laying hens induced by Clostridium perfringens via inhibiting NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33161. [PMID: 39005924 PMCID: PMC11239702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Poultry necrotic enteritis is an important enteric disease which might be controlled by antibiotics. However, with the excessive use of antibiotics, the phenomenon of drug resistance of Clostridium perfringens is becoming increasingly prominent. Anemoside B4 exhibits important anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. This study was performed to estimate the effect of Anemoside B4 on chicken necrotic enteritis induced by C. perfringens in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo experiment we investigated the efficacy of Anemoside B4 on the growth curve, biofilm formation, haemolytic activity, virulence-related gene expression and NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation in Caco-2 cells induced by C. perfringens. The results showed that 12.5-50 μg/mL Anemoside B4 had no antibacterial activity but could inhibit biofilm formation, attenuate haemolytic activity and virulence-related gene expression of C. perfringens and weaken NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation triggered by C. perfringens in Caco-2 cells. In the in vivo experiment, 60 17-day-old healthy White Leghorns were randomly divided into six groups. The growing laying hens of the control group were fed a basic diet, and those of the five challenged groups were fed a basic diet (infection group), added 0.43 g/kg Anemoside B4 (0.43 g/kg Ane group), 0.86 g/kg Anemoside B4 (0.86 g/kg Ane group), 1.72 g/kg Anemoside B4 (1.72 g/kg Ane group) and 40 mg/kg lincomycin (lincomycin group), respectively. All challenged laying hens were infected with 1 × 109 CFU C. perfringens from day 17-20. Blood and intestinal samples were obtained, and the data demonstrated that Anemoside B4 improved the blood biochemical parameters, attenuated jejunum tissue injury, increased the spleen, thymus, bursa of fabricius index, and decreased lesion scores of the jejunum and the ileum. In the jejunum, Anemoside B4 and lincomycin downregulated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ at mRNA levels. Moreover, Anemoside B4 significantly enhanced both mRNA and protein levels of tight junctions ZO-1, Claudin-1 and MUC-2 in the jejunum. Anemoside B4 weakened p-P65, p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR protein expression in the jejunum infected by C. perfringens. Diets supplemented with Anemoside B4 alleviated C. perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis in laying hens by inhibiting NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways and improving intestinal barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Qiaoli Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Yunjian Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Ronghui Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Ling Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Qirong Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
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