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Moghadasi A, Yousefinejad S, Soleimani E. False positives and false negatives in benzene biological monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117836. [PMID: 38065394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Benzene is a commonly used industrial chemical that is a significant environmental pollutant. Occupational health specialists and industrial toxicologists are concerned with determining the exact amount of exposure to chemicals in the workplace. There are two main approaches to assess chemical exposure; air monitoring and biological monitoring. Air monitoring has limitations, which biological monitoring overcomes and could be used as a supplement to it. However, there are several factors that influence biological monitoring results. It would be possible to assess exposure more accurately if these factors were taken into account. This study aimed to review published papers for recognizing and discussing parameters that could affect benzene biological monitoring. Two types of effects can be distinguished: positive and negative effects. Factors causing positive effects will increase the metabolite concentration in urine more than expected. Furthermore, the parameters that decrease the urinary metabolite level were referred to as false negatives. From the papers, sixteen influential factors were extracted that might affect benzene biological monitoring results. Identified factors were clarified in terms of their nature and mechanism of action. It is also important to note that some factors influence the quantity and quality of the influence of other factors. As a result of this study, a decision-making protocol was developed for interpreting the final results of benzene biological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Moghadasi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Yousefinejad
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Esmaeel Soleimani
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Chen YC, Hsu JF, Chang CW, Li SW, Yang YC, Chao MR, Chen HJC, Liao PC. Connecting chemical exposome to human health using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based biomonitoring: Recent advances and future perspectives. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:2466-2486. [PMID: 36062854 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the rapid advances in genomics leading to broad understanding of human disease, the linkage between chemical exposome and diseases is still under investigation. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is expected to accelerate the process via relatively accurate and precise biomonitoring of human exposome. This review covers recent advancements in biomonitoring of exposed environmental chemicals (chemical exposome) using HRMS described in the 124 articles that resulted from a systematic literature search on Medline and Web of Science databases. The analytical strategic aspects, including the selection of specimens, sample preparation, instrumentation, untargeted versus targeted analysis, and workflows for MS-based biomonitoring to explore the environmental chemical space of human exposome, are deliberated. Applications of HRMS in human exposome investigation are presented by biomonitoring (1) exposed chemical compounds and their biotransformation products; (2) DNA/protein adducts; and (3) endogenous compound perturbations. Challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chih Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Fang Hsu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wen Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hauh-Jyun C Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Poli D, Andreoli R, Moscato L, Pelà G, de Palma G, Cavallo D, Petyx M, Pelosi G, Corradi M, Goldoni M. The Relationship Between Widespread Pollution Exposure and Oxidized Products of Nucleic Acids in Seminal Plasma and Urine in Males Attending a Fertility Center. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061880. [PMID: 32183208 PMCID: PMC7143937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: In recent decades, there has been an increase in male infertility, and in many cases, the etiology remains unclear. Several studies relate male hypo-fertility to xenobiotic exposure, even if no data exist about multiple exposure at the environmental level. Methods: The study involved 86 males with diagnosis of idiopathic male infertility (IMI), and 46 controls with no alteration in sperm characteristics. Seminal plasma (SP) and urine samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify biomarkers of exposure (the main metabolites of benzene, toluene, 1,3-butadiene, 3-monochloropropanediol, styrene, and naphthol) and effect (oxidized products of nucleic acids).Results: Biomarker concentrations were similar in subjects with IMI and controls even if a stronger correlation between biomarkers of exposure and effects were observed in SP. Data show that, both in SP and urine, most metabolites were inter-correlated, indicating a simultaneous co-exposure to the selected substances at the environmental level. Principal component analysis showed in SP the clustering of mercapturic acids indicating a preferential metabolic pathway with Glutathione (GSH) depletion and, consequently, an increase of oxidative stress. This result was also confirmed by multivariable analysis through the development of explanatory models for oxidized products of nucleic acids. Conclusions: This study highlights how oxidative stress on the male reproductive tract can be associated with a different representation of metabolic pathways making the reproductive tract itself a target organ for different environmental pollutants. Our results demonstrate that SP is a suitable matrix to assess the exposure and evaluate the effects of reproductive toxicants in environmental/occupational medicine. The statistical approach proposed in this work represents a model appropriate to study the relationship between multiple exposure and effect, applicable even to a wider variety of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Poli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Via Fontana Candida1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Roberta Andreoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.A.); (G.P.); (M.C.)
- Centre for Research in Toxicology (CERT), University of Parma, via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Moscato
- Center of Reproductive Infertility (CIR), University Hospital of Parma, via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Pelà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.A.); (G.P.); (M.C.)
- University Hospital of Parma, via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe de Palma
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, Radiological Sciences, Public Health and Human Sciences Unit, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Delia Cavallo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Via Fontana Candida1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Marta Petyx
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Via Fontana Candida1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Centre for Research in Toxicology (CERT), University of Parma, via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Massimo Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.A.); (G.P.); (M.C.)
- Centre for Research in Toxicology (CERT), University of Parma, via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- University Hospital of Parma, via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Goldoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.A.); (G.P.); (M.C.)
- Centre for Research in Toxicology (CERT), University of Parma, via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Liigand P, Liigand J, Cuyckens F, Vreeken RJ, Kruve A. Ionisation efficiencies can be predicted in complicated biological matrices: A proof of concept. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1032:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Toss V, Leito I, Yurchenko S, Freiberg R, Kruve A. Determination of glyphosate in surface water with high organic matter content. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7880-7888. [PMID: 28194676 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the sample preparation and analysis process in order to achieve adequate results for surface water collected from rivers that flow through swamps and are consequently rich in organic matter. We show that matrix effects in glyphosate determination can be reduced by optimizing sample volume, liquid chromatography (LC) mobile phase buffer concentration and pH as well as gradient speed. Also, aspects of derivatization procedure (borate buffer concentration, fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride concentration) and their influence on accuracy are considered in detail. We encountered a cross-talk effect in the mass spectra, interfering with quantization during analysis, which was removed by optimizing MS parameters. As a result it was demonstrated that isotope-labelled internal standard with just one 13C atom is sufficient for the analysis.All these aspects were found to strongly impact the accuracy of the glyphosate determination but have received little or no attention in earlier works. We propose a reliable solid phase extraction and LC/ESI/MS/MS method for determination of glyphosate in organic-rich waters and demonstrate that LoD can be decreased by about two times using an ESI nebulizer with a modified design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahur Toss
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sergei Yurchenko
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rene Freiberg
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anneli Kruve
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
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Gonçalves ES, Borges RM, Carvalho LVBD, Alves SR, André LC, Moreira JC. Estratégias analíticas com cromatografia e espectrometria de massas para biomonitorização da exposição ao benzeno pela determinação do ácido S-fenilmercaptúrico urinário. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369000127615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução: o benzeno é uma substância de reconhecida toxicidade e sua biomonitorização torna-se fundamental para a prevenção de danos à saúde humana, principalmente em situações de exposição ocupacional. Dentre os biomarcadores de exposição, o ácido S-fenilmercaptúrico é considerado o único específico, mas, devido a suas baixas concentrações na urina, é requerido o uso de técnicas analíticas sensíveis capazes de quantificar traços. Objetivo: revisar metodologias baseadas na cromatografia e na espectrometria de massas para a determinação do ácido S-fenilmercaptúrico. Método: revisão da literatura sobre a determinação do ácido S-fenilmercaptúrico urinário por técnicas de cromatografia e espectrometria de massas, nas principais bases de dados científicas, considerando o período entre 1951 e 2015. Resultados: 120 documentos serviram como base teórica para a construção desta revisão. A técnica analítica mais empregada foi o acoplamento da cromatografia a líquido com a espectrometria de massas. Contudo, os métodos diferem quanto ao preparo das amostras. Conclusão: o alto custo de aquisição e a manutenção de equipamentos são fatores limitantes para a difusão dos sistemas de cromatografia e espectrometria de massas. No entanto, sua elevada sensibilidade e seletividade faz com que essas técnicas, acopladas, possibilitem elucidar situações de exposição ocupacional e ambiental a poluentes, como o benzeno.
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Vitali L, Gonçalves S, Rodrigues V, Fávere VT, Micke GA. Development of a fast method for simultaneous determination of hippuric acid, mandelic acid, and creatinine in urine by capillary zone electrophoresis using polymer multilayer-coated capillary. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1943-1950. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schettgen T, Dewes P, Kraus T. A method for the simultaneous quantification of eight metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids in urine of the general population using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5467-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schettgen T, Bertram J, Kraus T. Accurate quantification of the mercapturic acids of acrylonitrile and its genotoxic metabolite cyanoethylene-epoxide in human urine by isotope-dilution LC-ESI/MS/MS. Talanta 2012; 98:211-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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JOHN ANDREA, HESSEL STEFANIE, LAMPEN ALFONSO, SEIDEL ALBRECHT. Analysis of GSH Conjugates of Bay- and Fjord-Region Dihydrodiol Epoxides of Benzo[a]pyrene and Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene and their Transport in Enterocyte-like Caco-2 Cells. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2012.657741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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(2-Methoxyethoxy)acetic acid: a urinary biomarker of exposure for jet fuel JP-8. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 85:413-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Accurate quantification of mercapturic acids of styrene (PHEMAs) in human urine with direct sample injection using automated column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:3563-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Aprea C, Sciarra G, Bozzi N, Pagliantini M, Perico A, Bavazzano P, Leandri A, Carrieri M, Scapellato ML, Bettinelli M, Bartolucci GB. Reference values of urinary trans,trans-muconic acid: Italian Multicentric Study. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2008; 55:329-340. [PMID: 18214577 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-007-9119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the results of a study, conducted in the framework of the scientific activities of the Italian Society for Reference Values, aimed at defining reference values of urinary trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) in the general population not occupationally exposed to benzene. t,t-MA concentrations detected in 376 subjects of the resident population in three areas of Italy, two in central (Florence and southern Tuscany) and one in northern Italy (Padua), by three laboratories, compared by repeated interlaboratory controls, showed an interval of 14.4-225.0 microg/L (5th-95th percentile) and a geometric mean of 52.5 microg/L. The concentrations measured were influenced by tobacco smoking in a statistically significant way: Geometric mean concentrations were 44.8 microg/L and 76.1 microg/Ll in nonsmokers (264 subjects) and smokers (112 subjects), respectively. In the nonsmoking population, a significant influence of gender was found when concentrations were corrected for urinary creatinine, geometric mean concentrations being 36.7 microg/g creatinine in males (128 subjects) and 44.7 microg/g creatinine in females (136 subjects). The place of residence of subjects did not seem to influence urinary excretion of the metabolite, although personal inhalation exposure to benzene over a 24-h period showed slightly higher concentrations in Padua and Florence (geometric means of 6.5 microg/m(3) and 6.6 microg/m(3), respectively) than in southern Tuscany (geometric mean of 3.9 microg/m(3)). Concentration of t,t-MA in urine samples collected at the end of personal air sampling showed little relationship to personal inhalation exposure to benzene, confirming the importance of other factors in determining excretion of t,t-MA when concentrations in personal air samples are very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aprea
- Laboratorio di Sanità Pubblica, Azienda USL 7 di Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Patring JDM, Jastrebova JA. Application of liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry for determination of dietary folates: Effects of buffer nature and mobile phase composition on sensitivity and selectivity. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1143:72-82. [PMID: 17210159 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method to determine dietary folates was developed and validated. Folates were detected and quantified using positive electrospray ionisation (ESI) with selective ion monitoring of protonated ions [M+H]+. The effects of buffer nature and mobile phase composition on separation, peak shape and intensity of MS signal were investigated. The acidic-basic properties of folates were successfully used to predict possible ionisation patterns, but they were not sufficient to predict the intensity of MS signal and the proportion of different ionisation products, which indicated that other parameters, such as gas phase acidity/basicity of analytes and ion evaporation mechanisms might be important. The use of aqueous acetic acid as volatile buffer was found to be preferable compared to formic acid due to considerable gain in intensity of MS signal for all folate forms studied. Limits of quantifications were 0.3 ng/mL for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and 0.6 ng/mL for tetrahydrofolate, 10-formylfolic acid, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid when using 20 microL injection. For 10-formylfolic acid, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid the MS detection was found to be superior over commonly used fluorescence and UV detection in terms of selectivity and sensitivity. The method was successfully applied to analysis of folates in baker's yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan D M Patring
- Department of Food Science, Division of Food Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:1654-1665. [PMID: 17136768 DOI: 10.1002/jms.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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