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Snapkow I, Smith NM, Arnesdotter E, Beekmann K, Blanc EB, Braeuning A, Corsini E, Sollner Dolenc M, Duivenvoorde LPM, Sundstøl Eriksen G, Franko N, Galbiati V, Gostner JM, Grova N, Gutleb AC, Hargitai R, Janssen AWF, Krapf SA, Lindeman B, Lumniczky K, Maddalon A, Mollerup S, Parráková L, Pierzchalski A, Pieters RHH, Silva MJ, Solhaug A, Staal YCM, Straumfors A, Szatmári T, Turner JD, Vandebriel RJ, Zenclussen AC, Barouki R. New approach methodologies to enhance human health risk assessment of immunotoxic properties of chemicals - a PARC (Partnership for the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals) project. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1339104. [PMID: 38654939 PMCID: PMC11035811 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1339104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As a complex system governing and interconnecting numerous functions within the human body, the immune system is unsurprisingly susceptible to the impact of toxic chemicals. Toxicants can influence the immune system through a multitude of mechanisms, resulting in immunosuppression, hypersensitivity, increased risk of autoimmune diseases and cancer development. At present, the regulatory assessment of the immunotoxicity of chemicals relies heavily on rodent models and a limited number of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines, which only capture a fraction of potential toxic properties. Due to this limitation, various authorities, including the World Health Organization and the European Food Safety Authority have highlighted the need for the development of novel approaches without the use of animals for immunotoxicity testing of chemicals. In this paper, we present a concise overview of ongoing efforts dedicated to developing and standardizing methodologies for a comprehensive characterization of the immunotoxic effects of chemicals, which are performed under the EU-funded Partnership for the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Snapkow
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicola M. Smith
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Arnesdotter
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Karsten Beekmann
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Université degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Loes P. M. Duivenvoorde
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Nina Franko
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Université degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Johanna M. Gostner
- Biochemical Immunotoxicology Group, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Arno C. Gutleb
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rita Hargitai
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aafke W. F. Janssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Solveig A. Krapf
- Section for Occupational Toxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Lindeman
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ambra Maddalon
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Université degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Steen Mollerup
- Section for Occupational Toxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucia Parráková
- Biochemical Immunotoxicology Group, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Raymond H. H. Pieters
- Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, Research Center for Healthy and Sustainable Living, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- IRAS-Toxicology, Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maria J. Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Yvonne C. M. Staal
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Anne Straumfors
- Section for Occupational Toxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tünde Szatmári
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jonathan D. Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rob J. Vandebriel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Barouki
- T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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