1
|
Jähnichen T, Hojak J, Bläker C, Pasel C, Mauer V, Zittel V, Denecke R, Bathen D, Enke D. Synthesis of Turbostratic Boron Nitride: Effect of Urea Decomposition. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33375-33384. [PMID: 36157771 PMCID: PMC9494676 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the recent discovery of the template-free synthesis of porous boron nitride, research on the synthesis and application of the material has steadily increased. Nevertheless, the formation mechanism of boron nitride is not yet fully understood. Especially for the complex precursor decomposition of urea-based turbostratic boron nitride (t-BN), a profound understanding is still lacking. Therefore, in this publication, we investigate the influence of different common pre-heating temperatures of 100, 200, 300, and 400 °C on the subsequent properties of t-BN. We show that the structure and porosity of t-BN can be changed by preheating, where a predominantly mesoporous material can be obtained. Within these investigations, the sample BN-300/2 depicts the highest mesopore surface area of 242 m2 g-1 with a low amount of micropores compared to other BNs. By thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, valid details about the formation of intermediates, types of chemical bonds, and the generation of t-BN are delivered. Hence, we conclude that the formation of a mesoporous material arises due to a more complete decomposition of the urea precursor by pre-heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Jähnichen
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jan Hojak
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Christian Bläker
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Christoph Pasel
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Volker Mauer
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Valeria Zittel
- Wilhelm-Ostwald
Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 2, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Reinhard Denecke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald
Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 2, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Dieter Bathen
- Chair
of Thermal Process Engineering, University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
- IUTA
e.V., Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, Duisburg 47229, Germany
| | - Dirk Enke
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rhouma M, Lachapelle V, Comeau G, Quessy S, Zanabria R, Provost F, Italiano C, Holley R, Smillie J, Brockhoff E, Bosch ML, Collins S, Dumas A, Chorfi Y, Costa M, Gaucher ML, Racicot M. Identification and selection of animal health and food safety-related risk factors to be included in the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's risk assessment model for livestock feed mills. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
3
|
He W, Lei T. Identification of camellia oil using FT-IR spectroscopy and chemometrics based on both isolated unsaponifiables and vegetable oils. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117839. [PMID: 31812560 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Camellia oil is one of editable high-quality oils recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization. Thus the method to authenticate camellia oil is significant research. Saponification is one of the simple and inexpensive processes have been used to identify the adulteration in edible oil. At present, the saponification takes a long time, higher temperature and the isolation of unsaponifiables from saponifiables is tedious. In this research, the enriched saponification process has been developed using ultrasonication technique instead of a conventional reflux method. The process has been significantly reduced to 15 min at 55 °C from the regular saponification which need about 2 h by ISO 18609:2000. The special solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge has been designed and prepared to separate the unsaponifiables, which separates the residual alkaline substance as well as absorbs water in the organic phase in a single cycle. PLS-DA is used to establish model I based on isolated unsaponifiables and model II based on of vegetable oils for identification of camellia oil. The combined FT-IR and chemometrics based on the isolated unsaponifiables was first used to authenticate vegetable oil. Model I had more sensitivity to discriminate adulterated camellia oils by adulterants whose fatty acid compositions similar to camellia oil such as hazelnut oil, soybean oil, corn oil and cheap mixed oil. On the contrary, model II had more sensitivity to discriminate adulterated camellia oils by adulterant whose fatty acid compositions were different from camellia oil such as palm oil. The results concluded that the FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics based on both isolated unsaponifiables and vegetable oils could be fast and effective to authenticate camellia oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan He
- Department of Materials and Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Minjiang University, China.
| | - Tianxing Lei
- Department of Materials and Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Picouet PA, Gou P, Hyypiö R, Castellari M. Implementation of NIR technology for at-line rapid detection of sunflower oil adulterated with mineral oil. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
López P, Tienstra M, Lommen A, Mol HG. Validation of an automated screening method for persistent organic contaminants in fats and oils by GC × GC-ToFMS. Food Chem 2016; 211:645-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|