|
1
|
Ziranu P, Pretta A, Aimola V, Cau F, Mariani S, D’Agata AP, Codipietro C, Rizzo D, Dell’Utri V, Sanna G, Moledda G, Cadoni A, Lai E, Puzzoni M, Pusceddu V, Castagnola M, Scartozzi M, Faa G. CD44: A New Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1569. [PMID: 38672650 PMCID: PMC11048923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a non-kinase cell surface glycoprotein. It is overexpressed in several cell types, including cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cells overexpressing CD44 exhibit several CSC traits, such as self-renewal, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) capability, and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. The role of CD44 in maintaining stemness and the CSC function in tumor progression is accomplished by binding to its main ligand, hyaluronan (HA). The HA-CD44 complex activates several signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion. The CD44 gene regularly undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in the standard (CD44s) and variant (CD44v) isoforms. The different functional roles of CD44s and specific CD44v isoforms still need to be fully understood. The clinicopathological impact of CD44 and its isoforms in promoting tumorigenesis suggests that CD44 could be a molecular target for cancer therapy. Furthermore, the recent association observed between CD44 and KRAS-dependent carcinomas and the potential correlations between CD44 and tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) open new research scenarios for developing new strategies in cancer treatment. This review summarises current research regarding the different CD44 isoform structures, their roles, and functions in supporting tumorigenesis and discusses its therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pina Ziranu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea Pretta
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Valentina Aimola
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (V.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Flaviana Cau
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (V.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandra Pia D’Agata
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudia Codipietro
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Daiana Rizzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Veronica Dell’Utri
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Giorgia Sanna
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Giusy Moledda
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea Cadoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Eleonora Lai
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Valeria Pusceddu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00013 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
El-maksoud RAA, El-okda MO, Zidan AHM, Wagih HM. Assessment of Immunohistochemical Expression of CD44 and Osteopontin in Colorectal Carcinoma and colorectal adenoma.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2574213/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a foremost global health concern and remains one of the major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. It is the third most common cancer in adults after lung cancer and breast cancer worldwide. The theory that cancer originates from a subpopulation of tumor cells, named cancer stem cells (CSC), they have important role of CSC in the initiation and maintenance of the tumor, as well as invasion, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Among CSC markers, CD44 and OPN are two of the most investigated colorectal CSC markers and their proteins are introduced as the subpopulation with a greater tumorigenicity. This study aiming assessing the immunohistochemical expression of CD44 & OPN in colorectal adenomas & CRCs. And their relation between immunohistochemical expression of CD44 & OPN with tumor differentiation (grading), lympho-vascular invasion, perineural invasion, desmoplasia and TNM stage.
Methods
this is a retrospective descriptive study that included Sixty paraffin embedded blocks from the pathology laboratory, Suez Canal University Hospital. Paraffin blocks included (14 cases of colorectal carcinoma and 18 cases of colorectal adenoma). paraffin blocks reviewed for clinicopathological prognostic factors and stained by CD44 & OPN, monoclonal antibodies by immunohistochemical method.
Results
The CD44 protein was overexpressed in 80% of CRC, while was positive (44.4%) in adenoma this difference was statistically significant. Also, in this study the difference between the expression OPN in CRC and adenomas was statistically insignificant.
Conclusions
CD 44 is highly expressed in large number of CRC (80 of tumors). It is also significantly more expressed in CRC than in adenomas, suggesting a role of CD 44 in CRC tumorigenesis and progression of adenomas into carcinomas. Our study also associated CD 44 overexpression with both late TNM stage and lympho-vascular invasion.
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Jiang YJ, Zhang TT, Zhu YQ, Cai HQ, Chang C, Hao JJ, Cai Y, Wang MR, Liang JW, Zhang Y. Development of novel DNAJB6-KIAA1522-p-mTOR three-protein prognostic prediction models for CRC. Transl Oncol 2023; 28:101609. [PMID: 36571988 PMCID: PMC9803855 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the prognostic value of DNAJB6, KIAA1522, and p-mTOR expression for colorectal cancer (CRC) and to develop effective prognostic models for CRC patients. METHODS The expression of DNAJB6, KIAA1522, and p-mTOR (Ser2448) was detected using immunohistochemistry in 329 CRC specimens. The prognostic values of the three proteins in the training cohort were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Prediction nomogram models integrating the three proteins and TNM stage were constructed. Subsequently, calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the concordance index (C-index), and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the performance of the nomograms in the training and validation cohorts. RESULTS The three proteins DNAJB6, KIAA1522, and p-mTOR were significantly overexpressed in CRC tissues (each P < 0.01), and their expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (each P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curves (AUC) and C-index values were approximately 0.7. Additionally, the calibration curves showed that the predicted values and the actual values fit well. Furthermore, DCA curves indicated that the clinical value of the nomogram models was higher than that of TNM stage. Overall, the novel prediction models have good discriminability, sensitivity, specificity and clinical utility. CONCLUSION The nomograms containing DNAJB6, KIAA1522, and p-mTOR may be promising models for predicting postoperative survival in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tong-Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yi-Qing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hong-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chen Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jia-Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Chang K, Jiang L, Sun Y, Li H. Effect of E-cadherin on Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Update. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:397-409. [PMID: 35732878 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of E-cadherin on colorectal cancer is still controversial. In order to clarify the effect of E-cadherin on the prognosis and clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer, a meta-analysis was conducted. METHODS PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were used to collect all relevant literature published before November 2021, and the corresponding data was extracted to analyze the correlation between the expression of E-cadherin and the prognosis and clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer. In addition, the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was used to validate our results. RESULTS Fifty-two studies, including 9591 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, low expression of E-cadherin was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.67-2.62; Z = 6.42, p = 0.000) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.71-2.42; Z = 7.95, p = 0.000). In addition, low expression of E-cadherin resulted in higher risk of low differentiation (odds ratio [OR] 0.35, 95% CI 0.25-0.50; p = 0.000), high risk of distant metastasis (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.35-0.58; p = 0.000), high risk of vascular invasion (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45-0.83; p = 0.002), higher risk of lymph node metastasis (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.42-0.69; p = 0.000), high risk of lymphatic invasion (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40-0.80; p = 0.001), high risk of deep infiltration (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.50-0.80; p = 0.000), later TNM stage (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46-0.78; p = 0.000) and late Dukes' stage (OR 0.35,95% CI 0.25-0.49; p = 0.000), but wasn't associated with tumor size (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.71-1.15; p = 0.406).The results of GEPIA showed that E-cadherin mRNA expression in colorectal cancer tumor tissues and normal tissues had no difference, and had no effect on OS and DFS. CONCLUSION Although not supported by GEPIA, our meta-analysis provided abundant data to suggest that low expression of E-cadherin is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients and is an important factor influencing adverse clinicopathological features. Therefore, E-cadherin may be used to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer and provide guidance for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Chang
- Department of Stomach and Intestine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Stomach and Intestine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Department of Stomach and Intestine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong Province, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Stomach and Intestine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Yan B, Mu Y, Cui M, Liu L. Clinicopathological significance and prognostic implication of CD44 and its splice variants (v3 and v6) in colorectal cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:1215-1224. [PMID: 35117466 PMCID: PMC8797301 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.02.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD44 is a marker for colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells (CCSCs), but its prognostic value remains controversial. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the expression profile of CD44 variants in CRC. The proto-oncogene mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (c-Kit) was previously found to play an important role in supporting CRC cells; however, the associations between c-Kit and CD44 (and its splice variants) remain largely unknown. METHODS A total of 148 patients with CRC were enrolled in the present study, and the levels of CD44, CD44 splice variant (v)3, CD44v6 and c-Kit were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Associations between these markers and clinicopathological parameters, as well as the extent to which these markers predict progression free-survival (PFS), were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 29 (19.6%), 60 (40.5%) and 66 (44.6%) patients were CD44-, CD44v3- and CD44v6-positive, respectively. No clear c-Kit-positivity was detected in any of the patients. Analyses of clinicopathological features indicated that positive expression of CD44v3 was significantly associated with cell differentiation (P=0.03), and N (P=0.04), M (P<0.01) and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages (P<0.01). Univariate analysis demonstrated that T, N, M and TNM stages (all P<0.01), and CD44 (P<0.01), CD44v3 (P=0.03) and CD44v6 (P=0.02) levels were significantly associated with PFS. Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that patients without CD44 expression (P<0.01) but with CD44v3 (P=0.04) and CD44v6 (P=0.02) expression exhibited significantly shortened PFS. CONCLUSIONS CD44, CD44v3 and CD44v6 were determined to be heterogeneously expressed in CRC, and may aid in the prognostic prediction of patients with this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- Departments of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Ying Mu
- Department of Nutritional, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Meiqi Cui
- Department of Outpatient, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianyou Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Briede I, Strumfa I, Vanags A, Gardovskis J. The Association Between Inflammation, Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness in Colorectal Carcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:15-34. [PMID: 32021376 PMCID: PMC6955597 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s224441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays an important albeit dual role in carcinogenesis. Survival studies have highlighted the prognostic significance of peritumorous inflammation. Currently, the theoretical background allows inflammation, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the closely associated stem cell differentiation in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) to be linked. However, there is scarce direct morphological evidence. Purpose and methods The aim of our study was to investigate the role of inflammation in cancer growth and invasion by analyzing the association between inflammation and known morphological prognostic features of colorectal cancer, EMT, stemness and mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression. The study was designed as a retrospective morphological and immunohistochemical assessment of 553 consecutive cases of surgically treated primary CRC. Results There were statistically significant associations between high-grade inflammation and lower pT (p = 0.002), absence of lymph node metastases (p < 0.001) and less frequent lymphatic (p = 0.003), venous (p = 0.017), arterial (p = 0.012), perineural (p = 0.001) and intraneural (p = 0.01) invasion. In contrast, Crohn's like reaction (CLR) by density of lymphoid follicles in the invasive front lacked significant differences in regard to pT, pN, tumor invasion into surrounding structures (blood or lymphatic vessels, nerves), grade or necrosis (all p > 0.05). The expression of E-cadherin, CD44 and MMR proteins yielded no statistically significant associations with peritumorous inflammation by Klintrup-Mäkinen score or the density of lymphoid follicles. Nevertheless, E-cadherin levels were significantly associated with the density of eosinophils (p = 0.007). Conclusion High-grade peritumorous inflammation is associated with beneficial morphologic CRC features, including less frequent manifestations of invasion, and is not secondary to tissue damage and necrosis. CLR is not associated with cancer spread by pTN; this finding indirectly suggests an independent role of CLR in carcinogenesis. Further, inflammation by Klintrup-Mäkinen grade and CLR is not dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell differentiation. Our study highlights the complex associations between inflammation, tumor morphology, EMT, stemness and MMR protein expression in human CRC tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inese Briede
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Strumfa
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Vanags
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Zheng B, Mai Q, Jiang J, Zhou Q. The Therapeutic Potential of Small Activating RNAs for Colorectal Carcinoma. Curr Gene Ther 2019; 19:140-146. [PMID: 31284860 DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666190708111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Small double-strand RNAs have been recognized as master regulators of gene expression.
In contrast to the evolutionary conserved RNA interference machinery, which degrades or inhibits the
translation of target mRNAs, small activating RNA (saRNA) activates the specific gene in a target dependent
manner through a similar mechanism as RNAi. Recently, saRNA mediated expression regulation
of specific genes has been extensively studied in cancer researches. Of particular interest is the
application of the RNA mediated gene activation within colorectal cancer (CRC) development, due to
the high incidence of the CRC. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of saRNA mediated
genetic activation and its underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight the advantages of
the utilization of saRNAs induced gene expression as an investigating tool in colorectal cancer research.
Finally, the possibility and the challenge of the saRNA application as a potential therapy for
colorectal cancer are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - QingYun Mai
- The Center for Reproductive medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - JinXing Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - QinQin Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Wang Z, Tang Y, Xie L, Huang A, Xue C, Gu Z, Wang K, Zong S. The Prognostic and Clinical Value of CD44 in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:309. [PMID: 31114754 PMCID: PMC6503057 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CD44 is widely used as a putative cancer stem cells (CSCs) marker for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the prognostic role of CD44 in CRC remains controversial. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of various CD44 isoforms and overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological features of CRC patients. Results: A total of 48 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Total CD44 isoforms overexpression was significantly correlated with worse OS of patients with CRC (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.08-1.61, P = 0.007). In a stratified analysis, a higher level of either CD44v6 or CD44v2 had an unfavorable impact on OS (HRCD44v6 = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.10-2.14, P = 0.010; HRCD44v2 = 2.93, 95% CI = 1.49-5.77, P = 0.002). Additionally, CD44 was shown to be associated with some clinicopathological features, such as lymph node metastasis (ORCD44 = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.01-2.41, P = 0.044; ORCD44v6 = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.19-3.26, P = 0.008; ORTotal CD44 isoforms = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.15-2.14, P = 0.004), distant metastasis (ORCD44 = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.08-7.83, P = 0.035; ORTotal CD44 isoforms = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.02-3.53, P = 0.044). Moreover, a high level of CD44 showed a possible correlation with poor differentiation (ORTotal CD44 isoforms = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.00-2.08, P = 0.051), elevated level of CD44v6 tend to be correlated with tumor size (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 0.99-2.96, P = 0.056). Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that CD44 overexpression might be an unfavorable prognostic factor for CRC patients and could be used to predict poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Wang
- Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Tang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiping Huang
- Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Xue
- Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqi Zong
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Ma CT, Luo HS, Gao F, Tang QC, Chen W. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by interacting with E-cadherin. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2606-2612. [PMID: 30013655 PMCID: PMC6036566 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that Fusobacterium nucleatum is involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Previous studies have explored whether F. nucleatum may trigger colonic epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The results of the present study demonstrated that F. nucleatum enhances the proliferation and invasion of NCM460 cells compared with that of normal control and DH5α cells. Furthermore, F. nucleatum significantly increased the phosphorylation of p65 (a subunit of nuclear factor-κB), as well as the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13. Additionally, F. nucleatum infection did not affect the expression levels of epithelial (E-)cadherin and β-catenin. E-cadherin knockdown in NCM460 cells did not induce the activation of inflammatory responses in response to F. nucleatum infection, whereas it increased inflammation in response to β-catenin silencing. F. nucleatum infection could not increase the proportion of cells at S phase when E-cadherin was silenced. Nevertheless, F. nucleatum infection enhanced the proportion of NCM460 cells at S phase when transfected with small interfering RNAs to knock down β-catenin expression. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that F. nucleatum infection interacted with E-cadherin instead of β-catenin, which in turn enhances the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - He-Sheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 8320001, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Cai Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Angiodrastic Chemokines in Colorectal Cancer: Clinicopathological Correlations. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:1616973. [PMID: 29850390 PMCID: PMC5926520 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1616973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To study the expression of angiodrastic chemokines in colorectal tumors and correlate findings with clinicopathological parameters and survival. Methods The proangiogenic factor VEGF, the angiogenic chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL6, and the angiostatic chemokine CXCL4 were measured by ELISA in tumor and normal tissue of 35 stage II and III patients and correlated with the histopathology markers Ki67, p53, p21, bcl2, EGFR, and MLH1 and 5-year survival. The Wilcoxon and chi-square tests were used for statistical comparisons. Results There was a significant increase of CXCL6 (p = 0.005) and VEGF (p = 0.003) in cancerous tissue compared to normal. Patients with lower levels of CXCL8 and CXCL4 lived significantly longer. Patients with loss of EGFR expression had higher levels of CXCL8 while p21 loss was associated with higher levels of CXCL6. Chemokine levels were not correlated with TNM or Dukes classification. Strong expression of p53 was accompanied by decreased survival. Conclusions (1) The angiogenic factors CXCL6 and VEGF are increased in colorectal cancer tissue with no association with the clinical stage of the disease or survival. (2) However, increased levels of tissue CXCL8 and CXCL4 are associated with poor survival. (3) Strong expression of p53 is found in patients with poor survival.
Collapse
|