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Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma with a Combination of Immunotherapies and Molecularly Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153779. [PMID: 35954441 PMCID: PMC9367420 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapies and molecularly targeted therapies have drastically changed the therapeutic approach for unresectable advanced or metastatic melanoma. The majority of melanoma patients have benefitted from these therapies; however, some patients acquire resistance to them. Novel combinations of immunotherapies and molecularly targeted therapies may be more efficient in treating these patients. In this review, we discuss various combination therapies under pre-clinical and clinical development which can reduce toxicity, enhance efficacy, and prevent recurrences in patients with metastatic melanoma. Abstract Melanoma possesses invasive metastatic growth patterns and is one of the most aggressive types of skin cancer. In 2021, it is estimated that 7180 deaths were attributed to melanoma in the United States alone. Once melanoma metastasizes, traditional therapies are no longer effective. Instead, immunotherapies, such as ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab, are the treatment options for malignant melanoma. Several biomarkers involved in tumorigenesis have been identified as potential targets for molecularly targeted melanoma therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Unfortunately, melanoma quickly acquires resistance to these molecularly targeted therapies. To bypass resistance, combination treatment with immunotherapies and single or multiple TKIs have been employed and have been shown to improve the prognosis of melanoma patients compared to monotherapy. This review discusses several combination therapies that target melanoma biomarkers, such as BRAF, MEK, RAS, c-KIT, VEGFR, c-MET and PI3K. Several of these regimens are already FDA-approved for treating metastatic melanoma, while others are still in clinical trials. Continued research into the causes of resistance and factors influencing the efficacy of these combination treatments, such as specific mutations in oncogenic proteins, may further improve the effectiveness of combination therapies, providing a better prognosis for melanoma patients.
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Zhou L, Yang Y, Si L, Chi Z, Sheng X, Lian B, Wang X, Tang B, Mao L, Yan X, Li S, Bai X, Guo J, Cui C. Phase II study of apatinib combined with temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma after failure of immunotherapy. Melanoma Res 2022; 32:142-149. [PMID: 35190519 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatment for advanced melanoma after progression on immunotherapy is limited. This phase II trial (NCT03422445) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib plus temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma after failure of immunotherapy. Patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma after progression on immunotherapy were treated with temozolomide 300 mg on days 1-5 and apatinib 500 mg daily every 28-day cycle until disease progression or intolerable toxicities. Besides immunotherapy, prior chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and clinical trials were allowed. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. Secondary endpoints were objective response rate, disease control rate, overall survival, and safety. Of 29 patients, 28 (96.6%) had metastatic diseases, and the predominant subtypes were mucosal [12 (41.4%)] and acral melanoma [eight (27.6%)]. Five (17.2%) patients showed BRAF, CKIT, or NRAS mutation. Five achieved confirmed partial response, with an objective response rate of 17.2%. The disease control rate was 82.8%. The median progression-free survival was 5.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7-5.3], and the median overall survival was 10.1 months (95% CI: 5.1-15.0). Grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events included proteinuria [four (13.8%)], thrombocytopenia [two (6.9%)], hypertension [one (3.4%)], and hyperbilirubinemia [one (3.4%)]. No treatment-related death occurred. Apatinib plus temozolomide demonstrated promising efficacy and manageable safety profile in patients with advanced melanoma after progression on immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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Belanger K, Ung TH, Damek D, Lillehei KO, Ormond DR. Concomitant Temozolomide plus radiotherapy for high-grade and recurrent meningioma: a retrospective chart review. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:367. [PMID: 35392834 PMCID: PMC8988385 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-grade and recurrent meningiomas are often treatment resistant and pose a therapeutic challenge after surgical and radiation therapy (RT) failure. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a DNA alkylating agent that appears to have a radiosensitizing effect when used in combination with RT and may be worthwhile in meningioma treatment. Thus, we investigated the potential efficacy of concomitant RT plus TMZ compared to historical controls of just RT used in the treatment of high-grade and recurrent meningiomas. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with meningioma treated at the University of Colorado with TMZ chemoradiation. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated from the start of chemoradiation to local recurrence or death, respectively. Results Eleven patients (12 tumors) were treated with chemoradiation with a median follow-up of 41.5 months. There were two WHO grade 1, eight grade 2 and two grade 3 meningiomas. Three patients died during the follow-up period—one being disease related (11.1%). Two patients had meningioma recurrence—at 2.3 months (WHO grade 3), and 5.4 years (WHO grade 2). Three-year OS and PFS for grade 2 meningiomas were each 88%. Historical controls demonstrate a 3-year median OS and PFS of 83% and 75.8%, respectively. Conclusions Treatment options are limited for meningiomas after local failure. In this study, TMZ chemoradiation demonstrated no significant difference in PFS and OS in the treatment of grade 2 meningiomas compared to historic controls. Further study is warranted to find novel methods for the treatment of malignant and recurrent meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Belanger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Timothy H Ung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Denise Damek
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kevin O Lillehei
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - D Ryan Ormond
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Yuan S, Fu Q, Zhao L, Fu X, Li T, Han L, Qin P, Ren Y, Huo M, Li Z, Lu C, Yuan L, Gao Q, Wang Z. OUP accepted manuscript. Oncologist 2022; 27:e463-e470. [PMID: 35348754 PMCID: PMC9177116 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma is very poor and partly due to resistance to conventional chemotherapies. The study’s objectives were to assess the activity and tolerability of apatinib, an oral small molecule anti-angiogenesis inhibitor, in patients with recurrent advanced melanoma. Methods This was a single-arm, single-center phase II trial. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and the secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and overall survival (OS). Eligible patients had received at least one first-line therapy for advanced melanoma and experienced recurrence. Apatinib (500 mg) was orally administered daily. Results Fifteen patients (V660E BRAF status: 2 mutation, 2 unknown, 11 wild type) were included in the analysis. The median PFS was 4.0 months. There were two major objective responses, for a 13.3% response rate. Eleven patients had stable disease, with a DCR of 86.7%. The median OS was 12.0 months. The most common treatment-related adverse events of any grade were hypertension (80.0%), mucositis oral (33.3%), hand-foot skin reaction (26.7%), and liver function abnormalities, hemorrhage, diarrhea (each 20%). The only grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse effects that occurred in 2 patients was hypertension (6.7%) and mucositis (6.7%). No treatment-related deaths occurred. Conclusion Apatinib showed antitumor activity as a second- or above-line therapy in patients with malignant melanoma. The toxicity was manageable. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03383237
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Yuan
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingdi Zhao
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Fu
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiepeng Li
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingkun Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingke Huo
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaomin Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanli Gao
- Corresponding author: Zibing Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450008, People’s Republic of China. Tel: +1 8937621301; ; and Quanli Gao, MD, PhD.
| | - Zibing Wang
- Corresponding author: Zibing Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450008, People’s Republic of China. Tel: +1 8937621301; ; and Quanli Gao, MD, PhD.
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Molecular Profiling and Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Mucosal Melanoma: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010147. [PMID: 35008570 PMCID: PMC8745551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma is a rare and aggressive subtype of melanoma. Unlike its cutaneous counterpart, mucosal melanoma has only gained limited benefit from novel treatment approaches due to the lack of actionable driver mutations and poor response to immunotherapy. Over the last years, whole-genome and exome sequencing techniques have led to increased knowledge on the molecular landscape of mucosal melanoma. Molecular studies have underlined noteworthy findings with potential therapeutic implications, including the presence of KIT mutations, which are potential targets of tyrosine kinase inhibitors currently in use in the clinic (imatinib), but also SF3B1 mutation, CDK4 amplifications, and CDKN2A gene deletions, which are presently under investigation in clinical trials. Recent results from a pooled analysis of patients with mucosal melanoma treated with immunotherapy have suggested that the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors might improve survival outcomes in this subset of patients, as compared with single-agent immunotherapy. However, these results are not confirmed across different studies, and combo-immunotherapy correlates with a higher rate of adverse events. In this review, we describe the clinical, biological, and genetic features of mucosal melanoma. We also provide an update on the results of approved systemic treatment in this setting and overview the therapeutic strategies currently under investigation in clinical trials.
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Wang X, Xu W, Chi Z, Si L, Sheng X, Kong Y, Zhou L, Mao L, Lian B, Tang B, Yan X, Bai X, Cui C, Guo J. Chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic drugs as salvage therapy in advanced melanoma patients progressing on PD-1 immunotherapy. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100949. [PMID: 33221685 PMCID: PMC7689327 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the effect of salvage therapy with nab-paclitaxel (nab-p) or temozolomide (TMZ) combined with antiangiogenic drugs in programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor-resistant patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 69 metastatic melanoma patients who received nab-p or TMZ combined with antiangiogenic drugs after developing PD-1 inhibitor resistance and were treated at the Beijing Cancer Hospital between 2016 and 2019. The disease control rate (c-DCR) and progression-free survival (c-PFS) of salvage CA (chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic drugs) regimens were investigated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the clinical pathological factors affecting the outcomes. Then, a nomogram was formulated to predict the probability of 3-month and 6-month c-PFS based on the multivariate analysis results. RESULTS The c-DCR was 63.8%, and the median c-PFS was 3.0 months. In the univariate analysis, factors associated with the c-DCR were included the melanoma subtype, baseline platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and best response status to PD-1 inhibitors. Factors influencing c-PFS included age, baseline lactic dehydrogenase, PLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), PFS duration of anti-PD-1 therapy (p-PFS), and the best response and progression pattern of PD-1 inhibitors. In the multivariate analysis, age <65 years, heterogeneous progression pattern and baseline PLR<200 were significantly associated with improved c-PFS. The concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram was equal to 0.65 (95% CI 0.566-0.734). CONCLUSIONS CA regimens demonstrated promising effects in PD-1 inhibitor-resistant patients. The nomogram could be a valuable predictive module for salvage therapy choice in PD-1 inhibitor-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Weiran Xu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhihong Chi
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lu Si
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xinan Sheng
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lili Mao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Bin Lian
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Bixia Tang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xieqiao Yan
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chuanliang Cui
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China.
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Yu J, Xu L, Yan J, Yu J, Wu X, Dai J, Guo J, Kong Y. MUC4 isoforms expression profiling and prognosis value in Chinese melanoma patients. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:299-311. [PMID: 32172429 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucin 4 (MUC4), a type I membrane-bound mucin, blocks apoptosis, promotes invasion, proliferation and migration and causes chemo-resistance in epithelial cancers. However, the expression profiling and clinical implications of MUC4 alternative splicing during cancer pathogenesis, including melanoma, remain obscure. We examined the mRNA expression profiling of MUC4 isoforms in gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, melanoma cell lines, human epidermal melanocyte cells, as well as 138 cases of human melanoma tissues by RT-qPCR. Then we analyzed the relationship of mRNA expression of MUC4 isoforms to clinicopathological characteristics and survival of patients. The dynamic mRNA expression profiling of MUC4 isoforms was found in melanoma. We identified MUC4 isoform f was highly expressed in melanoma cell lines but negative in gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. Clinical analysis based on 138 cases of human melanomas showed that MUC4 isoform d was related with melanoma subtypes (p = 0.028) and TNM stage (p = 0.036). MUC4 isoform e was related with tumor thickness (p = 0.004) and T stage (p = 0.036). The Kaplan-Meier assay showed that the median overall survival (OS) for patients with MUC4 isoform f high expression was significantly shorter than that of patients with low expression (p = 0.024). And the median PFS of the patients with high expression of MUC4 isoform d or e was significantly shorter than that of with low expression (p = 0.012 and 0.035, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that high level of MUC4 isoform f was an independent prognostic factor for OS, and MUC4 isoform d was an independent prognostic factor for PFS of patients treated with chemotherapy. In conclusion, our results indicate that the dynamic MUC4 isoforms expressed in melanoma, and MUC4 isoform d and f might be served as a novel prognostic indicator of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Longwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junya Yan
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Yang L, Xu Y, Luo P, Chen S, Zhu H, Wang C. Baseline platelet counts and derived inflammatory biomarkers: prognostic relevance in metastatic melanoma patients receiving Endostar plus dacarbazine and cisplatin. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:3681-3690. [PMID: 31118790 PMCID: PMC6500443 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s194176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinical efficacy and safety of Endostar combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma (MM) were analyzed and the indicators capable of predicting the efficacy of the regimen were identified to guide clinical practice. Patients and methods: The clinical data of 55 patients with metastatic MM without gene mutations who were treated with Endostar combined with dacarbazine and cisplatin were retrospectively analyzed. Efficacy was assessed using RECIST 1.1, and adverse events (AEs) were graded according to NCI-CTCAE 4.0. The log-rank test was used to compare the survival curves of patients in different subgroups, and stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine significant prognostic factors. Differences were considered statistically significant at P<0.05. Results: Of the 55 patients, seven showed a partial response, 20 showed stable disease, and 28 showed progressive disease. The median progression-free survival was 17.9 months. AEs were controllable. Univariate analysis identified biotherapy, clinical stage, clinical classification, low baseline platelet count, platelet to albumin ratio (PAR), and platelet to globulin ratio (PGR) as factors affecting drug efficacy. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified clinical stage and PAR as independent factors predicting the efficacy of the regimen. Conclusions: Endostar combined with chemotherapy showed a curative effect on metastatic MM without gene mutations, and AEs were controllable. The baseline platelet count and derived PAR and PGR values were associated with the efficacy of the regimen. The potential value of efficacy prediction remains to be further verified by prospective random experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingge Yang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Zhu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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