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Xing F, Liu Y, Tian F, Hou X, Lian Q, Hu Y, Xing L, Gao J, Fan X. BMP2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its effects on SCC9 cell biological behavior. Sci Rep 2025; 15:11584. [PMID: 40185978 PMCID: PMC11971369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-96274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/07/2025] Open
Abstract
This study examined bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its effects on the biological behavior of OSCC cells, along with potential underlying mechanisms. BMP2 expression in OSCC was analyzed using mRNA data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genomics Expression Omnibus Database (GEO). SCC9 cells were transfected in vitro with small interfering RNA targeting BMP2 (si-BMP2), a negative control sequence (si-NC), BMP2 plasmid, or empty plasmid (vector). After transfection, Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, colony formation, scratch wound healing, Transwell, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analyses were conducted to assess changes in SCC9 cell behavior in response to altered BMP2 expression and to explore relevant signaling pathways.BMP2 upregulation promoted SCC9 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; inhibited apoptosis; and activated the Smad1/5 and p38 signaling pathways. Conversely, BMP2 downregulation inhibited SCC9 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; promoted apoptosis; and suppressed the Smad1/5 and p38 pathways. BMP2 is highly expressed in OSCC and may drive its progression through the BMP/Smad and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, indicating potential prognostic value and promise as a therapeutic target for small-molecule OSCC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuao Xing
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, HeBei, China
- Affiliated Kailuan General Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, 57 Xinhua East Road, Tangshan, 063000, HeBei, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, HeBei, China
| | - Faming Tian
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, HeBei, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, HeBei, China
| | - Qiangqiang Lian
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, HeBei, China
| | - Yunpeng Hu
- Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, 063000, HeBei, China
| | - Lei Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, HeBei, China
| | - JingYuan Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, HeBei, China
| | - Xinhao Fan
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, HeBei, China.
- Affiliated Kailuan General Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, 57 Xinhua East Road, Tangshan, 063000, HeBei, China.
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Kalal AA, Mohapatra S. A Comprehensive Review Exploring the Role of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins [BMP]: Biological Mechanisms. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2025; 47:156. [PMID: 40136410 PMCID: PMC11941256 DOI: 10.3390/cimb47030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2025] [Revised: 02/15/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β family. They perform diverse roles in development, osteogenesis, and vasculogenesis. BMPs have crucial functions in embryonic development and regulate the specialization of various cell types. The dysregulation of BMP activity at various stages in signal transduction is associated with a diverse range of human diseases. It is not surprising that BMPs also have a role in tumor formation and control the progression of cancer through different phases. Nevertheless, their specific roles remain ambiguous and the findings regarding this have been inconsistent. The objective of this review is to highlight the important functions of BMP ligands, receptors, and signaling mediators and the subsequent effects on final cellular responses resulting from these signaling modalities. This review elucidates the dysregulation of BMPs identified in various cancer types, which serves as a predictive sign for favorable results in cancer therapy. Alterations in the BMP pathway can represent a crucial milestone in the genetic and molecular mechanisms that facilitate cancer formation. This review has shown that alterations in certain components of the BMP pathway are evident in various tumor forms, including breast, gastric, colorectal, and myeloma cancer. This review reinforces the conclusion that BMPs exert both beneficial and detrimental effects on cancer biology. Collectively, these findings indicate that BMPs serve multiple functions in cancer; therefore, directing therapeutic efforts to focus on BMP may be a highly effective method for treating several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satyajit Mohapatra
- SRM Centre for Clinical Trials and Research, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur 603203, India;
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