Renal amyloidosis followed more than 5 years: Report of 12 cases

A rare case of hydatid cyst-associated AA amyloidosis and literature review of hydatid cyst-associated nephropathy

Hydatid disease is an infective picture caused by echinococcus, which progresses with cysts in various organs, especially in the liver. Renal involvement is an unusual location in the course of the disease. Although mostly asymptomatic renal cysts are seen, rarely glomerular or tubular associated nephropathy develops. In addition, the development of amyloidosis has been shown previously in patients with untreated chronic hydatid cysts. We wanted to bring a 27-year-old female patient with a 10-year history of hydatid cyst and AA amyloidosis to the literature. In addition, in our literature review for hydatid disease-associated nephropathies, we brought together data from 12 studies involving a total of 21 cases. Of these cases, 3 were membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), 5 were, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), 1 was minimally change disease (MCD), 5 were AA amyloidosis (including our case), 3 were immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), 1 was tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), 1 was chronic kidney disease (CKD), 1 was TIN with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN), 1 was TIN with IgAN, 1 was MPGN with immunoglobulin M nephropathy (IgMN). In this way, we wanted to shed light on the relationship between Echinococcus and nephropathy. In this way, we wanted to emphasise the necessity of doing renal examinations in the follow-up of hydatid cyst patients.

A clinical evaluation of renal amyloidosis in the Japan renal biopsy registry: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND AND AIM

The available clinical data are limited in a rare glomerular disease, renal amyloidosis. We aimed to clarify the clinical features of renal amyloidosis from database of the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR).

METHODS

We performed a cross-sectional study with database of the J-RBR of the Japanese Society of Nephrology. We identified 281 cases of renal amyloidosis from 20,997 cases enrolled into the J-RBR from 2007 to 2014. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were compared among the levels of ages, amount of urine protein excretion (AUPE) or CKD G stages.

RESULTS

The prevalence of renal amyloidosis was 1.3 % (281/20,997). DBP significantly decreased in higher age quartiles (P = 0.034). SBP and DBP did not increase in the progression of AUPE levels and CKD G stages. In multiple regression analysis, eGFR was a significant independent factor for SBP in all cases and a subgroup without hypertensive agents. There was a reverse significant relationship between SBP and eGFR.

CONCLUSION

Blood pressure did not significantly increase in elderly and much proteinuric condition in renal amyloidosis. The progression of CKD and decrease of eGFR did not produce the higher SBP. The mechanism underlying these results remains unclear; however, they are unique features of renal amyloidosis. The couple of hypotensive and hypertensive conditions might produce no relationship between blood pressure and CKD stages.

Is colchicine therapy effective in all patients with secondary amyloidosis?

OBJECTIVE

Although colchicine is effective on prevention and regression of amyloidosis in many cases, rate of unresponsiveness to colchicine therapy is not too low. However, there is no sufficient data about which factors effect to response of colchicine therapy on regression of amyloidosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

24 patients with renal amyloidosis were enrolled into the study. The patients were divided in two groups according to urinary protein excretions: non-nephrotic stage (14/24) and nephrotic stage (10/24). The patients were also categorized according to the etiology of amyloidosis; familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)-associated amyloidosis (15/24) versus rheumatoid disorders (RD)-associated amyloidosis (9/24). The changes of amount of proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rates were investigated after colchicine treatment started in these groups.

RESULTS

The mean follow-up period was 27.7 ± 19.2 months. After initiating colchicine therapy, the degree of proteinuria was decreased higher than 50% in 11/14 (78%) of non-nephrotic patients and elevated only in three (22%) patients. In nephrotic group, proteinuria was increased in 5/10 (50%) of patients. Glomerular filtration rates were stable in nephrotic and non-nephrotic groups. Presenting with nephrotic syndrome was higher in RD-associated amyloidosis (RD_A) group (5/9) than FMF-associated amyloidosis (FMF_A) group (5/15) without statistical significance (p > 0.05). After colchicine treatment, proteinuria was decreased in 12/15 patients in FMF_A group, however, the significant decreasing of proteinuria was not observed in RD_A group (p = 0.05 vs. p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Colchicine therapy was found more effective in low proteinuric stage of amyloidosis. The beneficial effect of colchicine therapy was not observed in patients with RD- associated amyloidosis.