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Farina M, Ballerini A, Fraga DW, Nicolov E, Hogan M, Demarchi D, Scaglione F, Sabek OM, Horner P, Thekkedath U, Gaber OA, Grattoni A. 3D Printed Vascularized Device for Subcutaneous Transplantation of Human Islets. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28734022 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets or stem cell derived insulin secreting cells is an attractive treatment strategy for diabetes. However, islet transplantation is associated with several challenges including function-loss associated with dispersion and limited vascularization as well as the need for continuous immunosuppression. To overcome these limitations, here we present a novel 3D printed and functionalized encapsulation system for subcutaneous engraftment of islets or islet like cells. The devices were 3D printed with polylactic acid and the surfaces treated and patterned to increase the hydrophilicity, cell attachment, and proliferation. Surface treated encapsulation systems were implanted with growth factor enriched platelet gel, which helped to create a vascularized environment before loading human islets. The device protected the encapsulated islets from acute hypoxia and kept them functional. The adaptability of the encapsulation system was demonstrated by refilling some of the experimental groups transcutaneously with additional islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Farina
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballerini
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel W Fraga
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eugenia Nicolov
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Hogan
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip Horner
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Usha Thekkedath
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Osama A Gaber
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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Sabek OM, Fraga DW, Henry J, Gaber LW, Kotb M, Gaber AO. Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β by Human Islets: Impact on Islet Viability and Function. Cell Transplant 2017; 16:775-85. [DOI: 10.3727/000000007783465217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a pleotropic cytokine that promotes angiogenesis and extracellular matrix protein synthesis in addition to its immunosuppressive effects. The purpose of this study is to identify optimal conditions for in vivo expression of TGF-β1 by human islets to exploit the possible beneficial effects and minimize undesirable side effects. We transduced human islets with adenoviral vectors encoding the active form of Ad-TGF-β1 or Ad-LacZ to test the effects of TGF-β1 gene expression on islet in vivo function following their transplantation into a NOD-SCID mouse model. Islets were transduced with multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 20, 10, 5, and 2.5 per islet cell. At a MOI ranging from 2.5 to 20, expression of TGF-β1 in islet supernatant persisted for 1–2 months and ranged from 153 ± 5 to 2574 ± 1299 pg/ml, respectively. Transduction with the lowest MOI (2.5) did not compromise the in vivo production of human C-peptide. We conclude that TGF-β1 expression in transplanted islets does not compromise viability and that adenoviral transduction with the TGF-β1 gene has a dose-dependent effect, with larger MOIs being deleterious. The data also indicate that in vitro culture system and the in vivo NOD-SCID model could be used successfully to evaluate the nonimmune effects of gene transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omaima M. Sabek
- Department of Surgery, Methodist Hospital/Cornell University, Physicians Organization, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel W. Fraga
- Department of Surgery, Methodist Hospital/Cornell University, Physicians Organization, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James Henry
- Environmental Health and Safety, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lillian W. Gaber
- Department of Surgery, Methodist Hospital/Cornell University, Physicians Organization, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malak Kotb
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A. Osama Gaber
- Department of Surgery, Methodist Hospital/Cornell University, Physicians Organization, Houston, TX, USA
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Hawthorne WJ, Williams L, Chew YV. Clinical Islet Isolation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 938:89-122. [PMID: 27586424 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39824-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The overarching success of islet transplantation relies on the success in the laboratory to isolate the islets. This chapter focuses on the processes of human islet cell isolation and the ways to optimally provide islet cells for transplantation. The major improvements in regards to the choice of enzyme type, way the digested pancreas tissue is handled to best separate islets from the acinar and surrounding tissues, the various methods of purification of the islets, their subsequent culture and quality assurance to improve outcomes to culminate in safe and effective islet transplantation will be discussed. After decades of improvements, islet cell isolation and transplantation now clearly offer a safe, effective and feasible therapeutic treatment option for an increasing number of patients suffering from type 1 diabetes specifically for those with severe hypoglycaemic unawareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne J Hawthorne
- National Pancreas and Islet Transplant Laboratories, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. .,Department of Surgery, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Lindy Williams
- National Pancreas and Islet Transplant Laboratories, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Yi Vee Chew
- National Pancreas and Islet Transplant Laboratories, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
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Sabek OM, Ferrati S, Fraga DW, Sih J, Zabre EV, Fine DH, Ferrari M, Gaber AO, Grattoni A. Characterization of a nanogland for the autotransplantation of human pancreatic islets. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3675-3688. [PMID: 23884326 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50601k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of pancreatic islet transplantation, graft function is frequently lost over time due to islet dispersion, lack of neovascularization, and loss of physiological architecture. To address these problems, islet encapsulation strategies including scaffolds and devices have been developed, which produced encouraging results in preclinical models. However, islet loss from such architectures could represent a significant limitation to clinical use. Here, we developed and characterized a novel islet encapsulation silicon device, the NanoGland, to overcome islet loss, while providing a physiological-like environment for long-term islet viability and revascularization. NanoGlands, microfabricated with a channel size ranging from 3.6 nm to 60 μm, were mathematically modeled to predict the kinetics of the response of encapsulated islets to glucose stimuli, based on different channel sizes, and to rationally select membranes for further testing. The model was validated in vitro using static and perifusion testing, during which insulin secretion and functionality were demonstrated for over 30-days. In vitro testing also showed 70-83% enhanced islet retention as compared to porous scaffolds, here simulated through a 200 μm channel membrane. Finally, evidence of in vivo viability of human islets subcutaneously transplanted within NanoGlands was shown in mice for over 120 days. In this context, mouse endothelial cell infiltration suggesting neovascularization from the host were identified in the retrieved grafts. The NanoGland represents a novel, promising approach for the autotransplantation of human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, The Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Cooper DK, Bottino R, Satyananda V, Wijkstrom M, Trucco M. Toward clinical islet xenotransplantation - are revisions to the IXA guidelines warranted? Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:68-74. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David K.C. Cooper
- Department of Surgery; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | | | - Vikas Satyananda
- Department of Surgery; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - Martin Wijkstrom
- Department of Surgery; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Division of Immunogenetics; Department of Pediatrics; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
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Wijkstrom M, Bottino R, Cooper DKC. Limitations of the pig-to-non-human primate islet transplantation model. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:2-4. [PMID: 23297811 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wijkstrom
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Advances and challenges in islet transplantation: islet procurement rates and lessons learned from suboptimal islet transplantation. J Transplant 2011; 2011:979527. [PMID: 22235361 PMCID: PMC3253477 DOI: 10.1155/2011/979527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial step in successful islet transplantation is procurement of healthy donor islets. Given the limited number of donor pancreata selected for islet isolation and that islets from multiple donors are typically required to obtain insulin independence, it is critical to improve pancreas procurement rates and yield of islets for transplantation. Islets are delicate microorgans that are susceptible to apoptosis, hypoxia, and ischemia during isolation, culture, and the peritransplant period. Once the islets are engrafted, both prompt revascularization and protection from beta-cell death and graft rejection are key to secure long-term survival and function. To facilitate the engraftment of more robust islets suitable for combating the challenging isolation period and proinflammatory transplantation milieu, numerous approaches have been employed to prevent beta-cell dysfunction and death including immune modulation, prevention of apoptosis and hypoxia, as well as stimulation of growth factors, angiogenesis, and reinnervation. In addition to briefly discussing islet isolation procedures, procurement rates, and islet transplantation, the relevant literature pertaining to successful suboptimal islet transplantation is reviewed to provide insight into potential approaches to balance the limited supply of available donor islets.
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Zhu FF, Zhang PB, Zhang DH, Sui X, Yin M, Xiang TT, Shi Y, Ding MX, Deng H. Generation of pancreatic insulin-producing cells from rhesus monkey induced pluripotent stem cells. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2325-36. [PMID: 21755313 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides a promising possibility for type 1 diabetes therapy. However, the generation of insulin-producing cells from iPSCs and evaluation of their efficacy and safety should be achieved in large animals before clinically applying iPSC-derived cells in humans. Here we try to generate insulin-producing cells from rhesus monkey (RM) iPSCs. METHODS Based on the knowledge of embryonic pancreatic development, we developed a four-stage protocol to generate insulin-producing cells from RM iPSCs. We established a quantitative method using flow cytometry to analyse the differentiation efficiency. In addition, to evaluate the differentiation competence and function of RM iPSC-derived cells, transplantation of stage 3 and 4 cells into immunodeficient mice was performed. RESULTS RM iPSCs were sequentially induced to definitive endoderm (DE), pancreatic progenitors (PP), endocrine precursors (EP) and insulin-producing cells. PDX1(+) PP cells were obtained efficiently from RM iPSCs (over 85% efficiency). The TGF-β inhibitor SB431542 promoted the generation of NGN3(+) EP cells, which can generate insulin-producing cells in vivo upon transplantation. Finally, after this four-stage differentiation in vitro, insulin-producing cells that could secrete insulin in response to glucose stimulation were obtained. When transplanted into mouse models for diabetes, these insulin-producing cells could decrease blood glucose levels in approximately 50% of the mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We demonstrate for the first time that RM iPSCs can be differentiated into functional insulin-producing cells, which will provide the basis for investigating the efficacy and safety of autologous iPSC-derived insulin-producing cells in a rhesus monkey model for type 1 diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Zhu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Bentsi-Barnes K, Doyle ME, Abad D, Kandeel F, Al-Abdullah I. Detailed protocol for evaluation of dynamic perifusion of human islets to assess β-cell function. Islets 2011; 3:284-90. [PMID: 21811103 PMCID: PMC3219161 DOI: 10.4161/isl.3.5.15938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The definitive measure of β-cell quality in an islet is the measurement of β-cell function, i.e., the ability of the islets to release insulin in a controlled manner in response to minute changes in ambient glucose levels. Continuous flow or dynamic perifusion of the solution containing glucose and secretagogues through the islets is the most accurate assessment of regulated insulin release in vitro. Here, we describe in detail a low cost, mini-perifusion system that can be adapted to any laboratory to assess islet function by examining dynamic insulin release in response to elevated glucose concentrations and addition of secretagogues. Human islets with purity > 80% and viability > 90% were perifused with low glucose (1 mM) and subsequently challenged with high glucose (16.8 mM ± KCl, 25 mM). A prototypical biphasic response to elevated glucose concentrations was observed with an average 8-fold (above basal) increase in insulin concentration at peak values. Similarly, perifusion with carbachol or exendin-4 (Byetta) with glucose (6 mM) resulted in 1.32- and 1.35-fold increase in insulin secretion above basal. Islets could be maintained in the perifusion apparatus and continued to respond to glucose for up to 3 h. At minimal financial cost and technical expertise, this apparatus can be set-up in any biological laboratory to evaluate regulated hormone release from many cell types in less than 6 h. This will allow other laboratories to measure insulin responses to their drug or modifier of interest in vitro, in a manner that better approximates islet function in vivo.
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Sabek OM, Cowan P, Fraga DW, Gaber AO. The effect of isolation methods and the use of different enzymes on islet yield and in vivo function. Cell Transplant 2008; 17:785-92. [PMID: 19044205 DOI: 10.3727/096368908786516747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to isolate high-yield pure and viable islets from human cadaver pancreas donors is dependent on donor factor as well as isolation factors. The aim of this study was to examine factors influencing islets recovery and in vivo function with an emphasis on donor and isolation methods as well as to compare the effectiveness of Liberase, widely used in clinical islet isolation, with Serva for the isolation of pure functional islets. The results of 123 islet isolations using Liberase for digestion were compared with those of 113 isolations with Serva. Islet equivalents per gram of tissue were similar between Liberase and Serva (3620 +/- 1858 vs. 4132 +/- 2104, p < 0.2) as well as the percent purity (75 +/- 16 vs. 74 +/- 15, p < 0.9). In vivo function of islets from 71 isolations (Liberase = 45, Serva = 26) were further tested by transplantation into NOD-SCID mice following short-term culture (< 6 days, n = 71). Our data show that both Liberase- and Serva-isolated islets showed similar function results following short-term culture. These data demonstrate that there is no difference in islet yield, purity, and function between the two enzymes. However, when these 71 isolations were analyzed for in vivo function with emphasis on donor factors, cold ischemia time (12.0 +/- 5.3 vs. 15.0 +/- 5.7, p < 0.04), islet integrity (1.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.5, p < 0.05), and female gender were the only factors that correlated with in vivo function. We also compared the mechanical-shaking method for islets isolation with hand-shaking methods. Our results show that although there is no different in islet yield, purity, and integrity between different enzymes using the same method, hand-shaking method yields more islets with better integrity than mechanical-shaking method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bertuzzi
- The Meditterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies, via Tricomi 1, Palermo, Italy.
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