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Dart SJ, Prosser AC, Huang WH, Liu L, Lucas AD, Delriviere L, Gaudieri S, Jeffrey GP, Lucas M. Subset-specific Retention of Donor Myeloid Cells After Major Histocompatibility Complex-matched and Mismatched Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2023; 107:1502-1512. [PMID: 36584373 PMCID: PMC10508270 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During solid organ transplantation, donor leukocytes, including myeloid cells, are transferred within the organ to the recipient. Both tolerogenic and alloreactive roles have been attributed to donor myeloid cells; however, their subset-specific retention posttransplantation has not been investigated in detail. METHODS Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched and mismatched liver transplants were performed in mice, and the fate of donor and recipient myeloid cells was assessed. RESULTS Following MHC-matched transplantation, a proportion of donor myeloid cells was retained in the graft, whereas others egressed and persisted in the blood, spleen, and bone marrow but not the lymph nodes. In contrast, after MHC-mismatched transplantation, all donor myeloid cells, except Kupffer cells, were depleted. This depletion was caused by recipient T and B cells because all donor myeloid subsets were retained in MHC-mismatched grafts when recipients lacked T and B cells. Recipient myeloid cells rapidly infiltrated MHC-matched and, to a greater extent, MHC-mismatched liver grafts. MHC-mismatched grafts underwent a transient rejection episode on day 7, coinciding with a transition in macrophages to a regulatory phenotype, after which rejection resolved. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic and kinetic differences in the myeloid cell responses between MHC-matched and mismatched grafts were identified. A detailed understanding of the dynamics of immune responses to transplantation is critical to improving graft outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Dart
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amy C. Prosser
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wen Hua Huang
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Liver Transplant Service, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Liu Liu
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Lucas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Luc Delriviere
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Liver Transplant Service, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Silvana Gaudieri
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gary P. Jeffrey
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Liver Transplant Service, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michaela Lucas
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia
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Hofmann J, Greter M, Du Pasquier L, Becher B. B-cells need a proper house, whereas T-cells are happy in a cave: the dependence of lymphocytes on secondary lymphoid tissues during evolution. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:144-53. [PMID: 20181529 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental tenet of immunology is that adaptive immune responses are initiated in secondary lymphoid tissues. This dogma has been challenged by several recent reports. We discuss how successful T cell-mediated immunity can be initiated outside of such dedicated structures, whereas they are required for adaptive humoral immunity. This resembles an ancient immune pathway in the oldest cold-blooded vertebrates, which lack lymph nodes and sophisticated B-cell responses including optimal affinity maturation. The T-cell, however, has retained the capacity to recognize antigen in a lymph node-free environment. Besides bone marrow and lung, the liver is one organ that can potentially serve as a surrogate lymphoid organ and could represent a remnant from the time before lymph nodes developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Hofmann
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Inst. Exp. Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Alcoholic patients have a high incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Alcohol consumption enhances the severity of the HCV disease course and worsens the outcome of chronic hepatitis C. The accumulation of virally infected cells in the liver is related to the HCV-induced inability of the immune system to recognize infected cells and to develop the immune responses. This review covers the effects of HCV proteins and ethanol on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and class II-restricted antigen presentation. Here, we discuss the liver which functions as an immune privilege organ; factors, which affect cleavage and loading of antigenic peptides onto MHC class I and class II in hepatocytes and dendritic cells, and the modulating effects of ethanol and HCV on antigen presentation by liver cells. Altered antigen presentation in the liver limits the ability of the immune system to clear HCV and infected cells and contributes to disease progression. HCV by itself affects dendritic cell function, switching their cytokine profile to the suppressive phenotype of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) predominance, preventing cell maturation and allostimulation capacity. The synergistic action of ethanol with HCV results in the suppression of MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation. In addition, ethanol metabolism and HCV proteins reduce proteasome function and interferon signaling, thereby suppressing the generation of peptides for MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation. Collectively, ethanol exposure further impairs antigen presentation in HCV-infected liver cells, which may provide a partial explanation for exacerbations and the poor outcome of HCV infection in alcoholics.
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Sprengers D, Sillé FCM, Derkow K, Besra GS, Janssen HLA, Schott E, Boes M. Critical role for CD1d-restricted invariant NKT cells in stimulating intrahepatic CD8 T-cell responses to liver antigen. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:2132-43. [PMID: 18549881 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS V alpha14 invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) are localized in peripheral tissues such as the liver rather than lymphoid tissues. Therefore, their role in modulating the stimulation of conventional, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T-cell responses has remained ambiguous. We here describe a role for V alpha14 iNKT cells in modulating conventional T-cell responses to antigen expressed in liver, using transferrin-mOVA (Tf-mOVA) mice. METHODS Naïve ovalbumin-specific class I MHC-restricted T cells (OTI) were adoptively transferred into Tf-mOVA mice in the presence or absence of iNKT-cell agonist alpha-galactosylceramide, after which OTI T-cell priming, antigen-specific cytokine production, cytotoxic killing ability, and liver damage were analyzed. RESULTS Transfer of OTI cells resulted in robust intrahepatic, antigen-specific proliferation of T cells. OTI T cells were activated in liver, and antigen-specific effector function was stimulated by coactivation of Valpha14 iNKT cells using alpha-galactosylceramide. This stimulation was absent in CD1d(-/-)Tf-mOVA mice, which lack V alpha14 iNKT cells, and was prevented when interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by V alpha14 iNKT cells was blocked. CONCLUSIONS CD1d-restricted V alpha14 iNKT cells stimulate intrahepatic CD8 T-cell effector responses to antigen expressed in liver. Our findings elucidate a previously unknown intervention point for targeted immunotherapy to autoimmune and possibly infectious liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Sprengers
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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