1
|
Kim JL, Reader BF, Dumond C, Lee Y, Mokadam NA, Black SM, Whitson BA. Pegylated-Catalase Is Protective in Lung Ischemic Injury and Oxidative Stress. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 111:1019-1027. [PMID: 32710846 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury is typified by toxic metabolites and oxygen free radicals leading to worse graft function. Catalase is an enzyme involved in oxidative-stress detoxification. We hypothesize that direct delivery of highly concentrated polyethylene glycol-catalase (PEG-CAT) during normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) significantly reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS To demonstrate protection, primary culture porcine endothelial cells were treated with PEG-CAT (0 to 1250 U/mL) in a model of oxidative stress (400 μM H2o2). In vivo, rat lungs were subjected to 0 hours or 1 hour of warm ischemic injury and 2 hours of EVLP with or without PEG-CAT. Perfusate was collected throughout the perfusion duration and tissue was collected at the end. Tissue and perfusate underwent analysis for markers of apoptosis and a biometric signature of lung health. RESULTS Uptake of PEG-CAT into primary endothelial cells was demonstrated with Alexa Fluor 488-labeled PEG-CAT. Oxidatively stressed cells pretreated with PEG-CAT had significantly decreased cytotoxicity and caspase 3/7 activity and increased cell viability and cell membrane integrity. In a rat model of warm ischemia with EVLP, PEG-CAT improved allograft viability as measured by indications of cell membrane integrity (lactate dehydrogenase and hyaluronic acid), presence of vasoconstrictive peptides (endothelin-1 and big endothelin-1) released from endothelial cells, and reduced apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling). CONCLUSIONS In vitro and ex vivo, PEG-CAT protects against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity, maintains cellular metabolism, and mitigates lung ischemia-reperfusion in an experimental model. Together, these data suggest that PEG-CAT is a potential therapeutic target for donor organs at risk for ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Lye Kim
- COPPER Laboratory, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brenda F Reader
- COPPER Laboratory, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Curtis Dumond
- COPPER Laboratory, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yonggyu Lee
- COPPER Laboratory, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nahush A Mokadam
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sylvester M Black
- COPPER Laboratory, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bryan A Whitson
- COPPER Laboratory, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akateh C, Beal EW, Kim JL, Reader BF, Maynard K, Zweier JL, Whitson BA, Black SM. Intrahepatic Delivery of Pegylated Catalase Is Protective in a Rat Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Model. J Surg Res 2019; 238:152-163. [PMID: 30771685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) can occur during liver surgery. Endogenous catalase is important to cellular antioxidant defenses and is critical to IRI prevention. Pegylation of catalase (PEG-CAT) improves its therapeutic potential by extending plasma half-life, but systemic administration of exogenous PEG-CAT has been only mildly therapeutic for hepatic IRI. Here, we investigated the protective effects of direct intrahepatic delivery of PEG-CAT during IRI using a rat hilar clamp model. MATERIALS AND METHODS PEG-CAT was tested in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, enriched rat liver cell populations were subjected to oxidative stress injury (H2O2), and measures of cell health and viability were assessed. In vivo, rats underwent segmental (70%) hepatic warm ischemia for 1 h, followed by 6 h of reperfusion, and plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, tissue malondialdehyde, adenosine triphosphate, and GSH, and histology were assessed. RESULTS In vitro, PEG-CAT pretreatment of liver cells showed substantial uptake and protection against oxidative stress injury. In vivo, direct intrahepatic, but not systemic, delivery of PEG-CAT during IRI significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.01, P < 0.0001, respectively, for all time points) compared to control. Similarly, tissue malondialdehyde (P = 0.0048), adenosine triphosphate (P = 0.019), and GSH (P = 0.0015), and the degree of centrilobular necrosis, were improved by intrahepatic compared to systemic PEG-CAT delivery. CONCLUSIONS Direct intrahepatic administration of PEG-CAT achieved significant protection against IRI by reducing the volume distribution and taking advantage of the substantial hepatic first-pass uptake of this molecule. The mode of delivery was an important factor for protection against hepatic IRI by PEG-CAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Akateh
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eliza W Beal
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jung-Lye Kim
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brenda F Reader
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Katelyn Maynard
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bryan A Whitson
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sylvester M Black
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beal EW, Dumond C, Kim JL, Akateh C, Eren E, Maynard K, Sen CK, Zweier JL, Washburn K, Whitson BA, Black SM. A Small Animal Model of Ex Vivo Normothermic Liver Perfusion. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30010635 DOI: 10.3791/57541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a significant shortage of liver allografts available for transplantation, and in response the donor criteria have been expanded. As a result, normothermic ex vivo liver perfusion (NEVLP) has been introduced as a method to evaluate and modify organ function. NEVLP has many advantages in comparison to hypothermic and subnormothermic perfusion including reduced preservation injury, restoration of normal organ function under physiologic conditions, assessment of organ performance, and as a platform for organ repair, remodeling, and modification. Both murine and porcine NEVLP models have been described. We demonstrate a rat model of NEVLP and use this model to show one of its important applications - the use of a therapeutic molecule added to liver perfusate. Catalase is an endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger and has been demonstrated to decrease ischemia-reperfusion in the eye, brain, and lung. Pegylation has been shown to target catalase to the endothelium. Here, we added pegylated-catalase (PEG-CAT) to the base perfusate and demonstrated its ability to mitigate liver preservation injury. An advantage of our rodent NEVLP model is that it is inexpensive in comparison to larger animal models. A limitation of this study is that it does not currently include post-perfusion liver transplantation. Therefore, prediction of the function of the organ post-transplantation cannot be made with certainty. However, the rat liver transplant model is well established and certainly could be used in conjunction with this model. In conclusion, we have demonstrated an inexpensive, simple, easily replicable NEVLP model using rats. Applications of this model can include testing novel perfusates and perfusate additives, testing software designed for organ evaluation, and experiments designed to repair organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza W Beal
- Collaboration for Organ Perfusion, Protection, Engineering and Regeneration (COPPER) Lab, Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Curtis Dumond
- Collaboration for Organ Perfusion, Protection, Engineering and Regeneration (COPPER) Lab, Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Jung-Lye Kim
- Collaboration for Organ Perfusion, Protection, Engineering and Regeneration (COPPER) Lab, Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Clifford Akateh
- Collaboration for Organ Perfusion, Protection, Engineering and Regeneration (COPPER) Lab, Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Emre Eren
- Collaboration for Organ Perfusion, Protection, Engineering and Regeneration (COPPER) Lab, Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Katelyn Maynard
- Collaboration for Organ Perfusion, Protection, Engineering and Regeneration (COPPER) Lab, Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Chandan K Sen
- Department of Surgery, Division of CardioThoracic Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Kenneth Washburn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Bryan A Whitson
- Collaboration for Organ Perfusion, Protection, Engineering and Regeneration (COPPER) Lab, Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Department of Surgery, Division of CardioThoracic Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Sylvester M Black
- Collaboration for Organ Perfusion, Protection, Engineering and Regeneration (COPPER) Lab, Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maheswari E, Saraswathy GRL, Santhranii T. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of N-acetyl cysteine in carbamazepine-administered rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 46:211-5. [PMID: 24741196 PMCID: PMC3987193 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.129321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Rats were treated with CBZ (50 mg/kg p.o.) and CBZ supplemented with NAC 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 45 days, after which blood samples were collected and subjected to liver function tests. Animals were killed, liver was separated, weighed and the levels of antioxidants and liver enzymes were estimated. In addition, histopathological investigation was also performed. Results: Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate (SGOT) transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, lipid peroxidation, absolute and relative liver weights were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated, whereas serum levels of albumin, total protein and body weight were decreased in the CBZ-treated animals. CBZ also produced vacuolar degeneration, centrilobular congestion and hepatic necrosis as evidenced from histopathological report. NAC significantly reduced the levels of serum transaminase, ALP, bilirubin and liver weight and increased the levels of total protein, albumin and body weight. Conclusion: It was observed that NAC increased the glutathione (GSH) content, reduced lipid peroxidation and reversed the CBZ-induced histopathological abnormalities. CBZ-induced hepatotoxicity may be due its toxic epoxide metabolite-induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eswaran Maheswari
- Department of Pharmacology, M.S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesan Raja Lekshmi Saraswathy
- Department of Pharmacology, M.S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thakur Santhranii
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effect of a combined treatment with erythropoietin and melatonin on renal ischemia reperfusion injury in male rats. Clin Exp Nephrol 2014; 18:855-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-014-0937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Demirci BG, Cindoruk M, Yilmaz UT, Demirag MD, Gonul II, Demirci U, Gulbahar O, Dalgic A. Effects of everolimus on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in an experimental rat model. Eur Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-012-0152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
7
|
Basarslan F, Yilmaz N, Davarci I, Akin M, Ozgur M, Yilmaz C, Ulutas KT. Effects of ebselen on radiocontrast media–induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:746-52. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712442730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is accepted as a potential responsible mechanism in the pathogenesis of radiocontrast media (RCM)-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of ebselen against RCM-induced hepatotoxicity by measuring tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and histological changes in rats. Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups consisting of eight rats per group. Normal saline was given to the rats in control group (group 1). RCM was given to the rats in group 2, and both RCM and ebselen were given to the rats in group 3. Only ebselen was given to the rats in group 4. Liver sections of the killed animals were analyzed to measure the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as histopathological changes. In RCM group, SOD and CAT levels were found increased. In RCM-ebselen group, MDA, SOD and CAT levels were found decreased. In RCM-ebselen group, however, GSH-Px activities of liver tissue increased. All these results indicated that ebselen produced a protective mechanism against RCM-induced hepatotoxicity and took part in oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nigar Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Isil Davarci
- Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akin
- Department of Pathology, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozgur
- Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Antakya State Hospital, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Cahide Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Douzinas EE, Livaditi O, Tasoulis MK, Prigouris P, Bakos D, Goutas N, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Andrianakis I, Betrosian A, Tsoukalas GD. Nitrosative and oxidative stresses contribute to post-ischemic liver injury following severe hemorrhagic shock: the role of hypoxemic resuscitation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32968. [PMID: 22403729 PMCID: PMC3293918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation is frequently associated with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of the study was to investigate whether hypoxemic resuscitation attenuates liver injury. METHODS Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated New Zealand white rabbits were exsanguinated to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg for 60 minutes. Resuscitation under normoxemia (Normox-Res group, n = 16, PaO(2) = 95-105 mmHg) or hypoxemia (Hypox-Res group, n = 15, PaO(2) = 35-40 mmHg) followed, modifying the FiO(2). Animals not subjected to shock constituted the sham group (n = 11, PaO(2) = 95-105 mmHg). Indices of the inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative response were measured and histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of the liver were performed. RESULTS Normox-Res group animals exhibited increased serum alanine aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor--alpha, interleukin (IL) -1β and IL-6 levels compared with Hypox-Res and sham groups. Reactive oxygen species generation, malondialdehyde formation and myeloperoxidase activity were all elevated in Normox-Res rabbits compared with Hypox-Res and sham groups. Similarly, endothelial NO synthase and inducible NO synthase mRNA expression was up-regulated and nitrotyrosine immunostaining increased in animals resuscitated normoxemically, indicating a more intense nitrosative stress. Hypox-Res animals demonstrated a less prominent histopathologic injury which was similar to sham animals. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxemic resuscitation prevents liver reperfusion injury through attenuation of the inflammatory response and oxidative and nitrosative stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel E Douzinas
- 3rd Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Winbladh A, Björnsson B, Trulsson L, Bojmar L, Sundqvist T, Gullstrand P, Sandström P. N-acetyl cysteine improves glycogenesis after segmental liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in pigs. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:225-36. [PMID: 22242616 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2011.643480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidative molecule known to protect liver tissue from oxygen radical species generated during ischemia and reperfusion (IR). Nutritional and toxicology studies have shown that NAC also improves glucose metabolism and glycogen stores. We hypothesized that NAC improves glycogenesis and that impaired glycogenesis is a key element in IR injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS In an experimental model, 80 min of segmental liver ischemia was induced in 16 pigs and the reperfusion was followed for 360 min. Eight animals received NAC 150 mg/kg as a bolus injection followed by an infusion of NAC 50 mg/kg/h intravenously. RESULTS AST and leukocyte density were lower in the NAC-treated animals, unrelated to the glutathione levels or apoptosis. Glycogen stores returned to a higher degree in the NAC-treated animals and microdialysis revealed lower levels of lactate during the reperfusion phase. Nitrite/Nitrate levels in the NAC group were lower in both serum and microdialysates, indicating that NAC scavenges radical nitrosative species. CONCLUSIONS NAC treatment improves glycogenesis after liver IR injury and reduces the level of intraparenchymal lactate during reperfusion, possibly due to the scavenging of radical nitrosative species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Winbladh
- Division of Surgery, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yuksel S, Sezer MT, Sahin O, Sutcu R, Koçogullari C, Yilmaz HR, Uz E, Kara Y, Aydin B, Altuntas A. The Role of Carnitine in Preventing Renal Damage Developed as a Result of Infrarenal Aortic Ischemia–Reperfusion. Ren Fail 2011; 33:440-9. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2011.568148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
11
|
Abdeen SM, Mathew TC, Dashti HM, Asfar S. Protective effects of green tea on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nutrition 2010; 27:598-603. [PMID: 21167681 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intestinal mucosa is known to be adversely affected by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Previously we showed that green tea protects the intestinal mucosa from fasting-induced damage. The aim of this study is to determine whether green tea has any protective role in I/R of the intestine. METHODS Three groups of male rats were used in this study. Group I (I/R) underwent I/R of the intestine (30 min of ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion). Group II (green tea + I/R) was given green tea for 2 wk before inducing I/R. Group III (control) had sham I/R. After the experiments, the jejunum was removed and the tissues were processed for histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical analysis for cell proliferation markers and antioxidant enzymes. RESULTS The intestinal mucosa in group II was preserved compared with that in group I. The expressions of cellular proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67) and cellular antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in group II were similar to those in group III and much less than in group I, reflecting the protective effects of green tea in group II animals. CONCLUSION In this animal model, administration of green tea before inducing I/R protects the intestinal mucosa from injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Abdeen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen CF, Lee JF, Wang D, Shen CY, Shen KL, Lin MH. Water extract of Zizyphus Jujube attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury in rats (PP106). Transplant Proc 2010; 42:741-3. [PMID: 20430161 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injuries in the liver remain important clinical problems. Free oxygen radicals and nitrosative stress have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis I/R-related liver injury. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of an extract of Zizyphus Jujube (ZJ), which has strong antioxidant effects, on I/R-induced liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ischemia (I) was induced in rat livers by clamping the common hepatic artery and portal vein for 40 minutes, after which flow was restored, and the liver was reperfused for 90 minutes. Blood samples were collected prior to I and after reperfusion to assay blood levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), oxygen radical (OH), and nitric oxide (NO). In the pharmacologic intervention group a water extract of the fruit of ZJ was administered orally to rats (100 mg/mL for 7 days) that were subsequently exposed to the I/R liver injury. RESULTS The data showed that reperfusion (R) of the liver produced increases in blood concentrations of ALT (41.9+/-8.2 vs 338.0+/-89.6; P<.01; N=7) and LDH (317+/-129 vs 4073+/-950; P<.001; N=7). Oxygen radicals (55.1+/-14.3 vs 262.4+/-60.3; P<.001; N=7) and NO (69.3+/-14.9 vs 121.6+/-27.1; P<.01; N=7) also increased significantly in this R group. In the ZJ intervention group the liver injury, oxidative stress, and nitrosative stress were all significantly attenuated. CONCLUSION These results suggested that I/R-induced liver injury with white blood cell activation, oxidative stress, and nitrosative stress. Pretreatment with an extract of ZJ, which shows high antioxidant effects, significantly attenuated the I/R-induced liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital and Department of Healthcare Information, School of Health, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang N, Lin H, Yeh D, Chou T, Chen C, Leu F, Wang D, Hu R. Effects of the Antioxidants Lycium Barbarum and Ascorbic Acid on Reperfusion Liver Injury in Rats. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:4110-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
14
|
Ozkan OV, Yuzbasioglu MF, Ciralik H, Kurutas EB, Yonden Z, Aydin M, Bulbuloglu E, Semerci E, Goksu M, Atli Y, Bakan V, Duran N. Resveratrol, a natural antioxidant, attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2009; 218:251-8. [PMID: 19561396 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.218.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The intestine is highly susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Splanchnic ischemia is the initial event that releases injurious factors, leading to systemic disorders with high morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress mediators are believed to contribute to the intestinal I/R injury. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, is shown to be a strong antioxidant in various tissues, with a property of an estrogen-receptor agonist. Therefore, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on oxidative injury in the intestine. Female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 8, each). The sham group was only subjected to surgical procedures, while other animals were subjected to intestinal ischemia (60 min) and subsequent reperfusion (60 min). One group received resveratrol (15 mg/kg, 0.3 ml/day intraperitoneally) for both 5 days before surgery and 15 min before ischemia, while the other was treated intraperitoneally with 0.5% ethyl alcohol as vehicle (0.3 ml/day). In the I/R rat intestines, we detected severe tissue injuries (p < 0.001), the significant increases in the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (p < 0.001), and the decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p < 0.001), compared to the sham control. Resveratrol significantly ameliorated the intestinal injury, decreased MDA, NO and MPO levels to the sham control levels, and decreased bacterial translocation in mesentery lymph nodes, liver and spleen (p < 0.001). Resveratrol also restored the SOD activity. These results suggest that resveratrol could protect intestinal tissue against I/R injury with its potent antioxidant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Veli Ozkan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Santiago FM, Bueno P, Olmedo C, Muffak-Granero K, Comino A, Serradilla M, Mansilla A, Villar JM, Garrote D, Ferrón JA. Effect of N-acetylcysteine administration on intraoperative plasma levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 in liver transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2009; 40:2978-80. [PMID: 19010165 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether intraoperative administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in liver transplant recipients ameliorated their inflammatory responses by increasing intraoperative plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. This prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial included liver transplant recipients randomly assigned to the NAC-treated (n = 25) or the placebo (n = 25) group. The NAC-treated group received 100 mg/kg dissolved in 5% dextrose over 15 minutes during the anhepatic phase, followed by a continuous infusion of 50 mg/kg in 5% dextrose over the next 24 hours, whereas the placebo group received equal amounts of 5% dextrose solution during the same time. Peripheral blood samples were drawn in EDTA-containing tubes after induction of anesthesia (I-1); at 15 minutes into the anhepatic phase (I-2) prior to the administration of NAC or placebo; at 5 minutes before reperfusion (I-3); at 10 minutes after reperfusion (I-4); at 20 minutes after reperfusion (I-5); at 60 minutes after reperfusion (I-6); and at 1 hour after completion of the liver transplantation (I-7). Cytokine levels were determined using a technique which combined enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry. Plasma IL-4 levels were significantly higher among the NAC-treated group than the placebo group at I-3 (P = .046) and I-4 (P = .041). Plasma IL-10 levels showed significant enhancement in the NAC-treated group at 5 minutes before reperfusion (I-3; P = .007). We concluded that intraoperative NAC administration during the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation significantly increased recipient IL-4 plasma levels before and after reperfusion, and IL-10 plasma values before reperfusion (I-3). These enhancements seemed to be associated with a protective effect against reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Santiago
- Anesthesiology Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Protective Effect of Erythropoietin on Renal Injury Induced by Abdominal Aortic-Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. J Surg Res 2008; 149:206-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.12.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
17
|
Ahmed HH, El-Aziem SHA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Potential role of cysteine and methionine in the protection against hormonal imbalance and mutagenicity induced by furazolidone in female rats. Toxicology 2007; 243:31-42. [PMID: 17964703 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 08/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nitrofurans as veterinary drugs has been banned in the EU since 1993 due to doubts on the safety of the protein-bound residues of these drugs in edible products. Furazolidone (FUZ) is a nitrofuran drug, which has been used for many years as an antibacterial drug in veterinary practice. The aim of the current study is to investigate the role of L-cysteine and L-methionine in the protection against hormonal imbalance and the genotoxicity induced by FUZ using the micronucleus (MN) assay and random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD-PCR) analysis in female rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups included the untreated control group; a group treated with FUZ (300 mg/kg b.w.); a group treated with a mixture of L-cysteine (300 mg/kg b.w.) and L-methionine (42.8 mg/kg b.w.) and a group treated with FUZ plus the mixture of L-cysteine and L-methionine for 10 days. The results indicated that FUZ induced hormonal disturbances involving thyroid, ovarian and adrenal hormones. Moreover, FUZ increased the micronucleus formation and induced changes in polymorphic band patterns. The combined treatment with FUZ and the mixture of L-cysteine and L-methionine succeeded to prevent or diminish the endocrine disturbance and the clastogenic effects of FUZ. The current study is casting new light on the complex mechanisms underlying the ameliorating action of dietary L-cysteine and L-methionine against FUZ toxicity in experimental animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|