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Bachmann KN, Deger SM, Alsouqi A, Huang S, Xu M, Ferguson JF, Su YR, Niswender KD, Ikizler TA, Wang TJ. Acute effects of insulin on circulating natriuretic peptide levels in humans. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196869. [PMID: 29758041 PMCID: PMC5951576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The natriuretic peptide hormones play an important role in salt and blood pressure regulation. In observational studies, obesity and insulin resistance have been consistently associated with lower concentrations of natriuretic peptides. It has been proposed that insulin influences natriuretic peptide production. Objective We sought to determine the acute effects of insulin administration on natriuretic peptide concentrations. Methods 31 men and women (11 lean, 10 overweight, and 10 obese), ages 30–70 years, without cardiovascular disease or overt diabetes underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic insulin clamp. Plasma concentrations of N-terminal pro atrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured at baseline and steady-state (the final 30 minutes of the clamp protocol). Results From baseline to steady-state, insulin levels increased from a mean level of 9.5 to 176.7 μU/ml (p<0.001). Over this period, circulating NT-proANP concentrations decreased by 9% (-1933 ng/L, p = 0.01). The changes in NT-proANP did not differ between lean, overweight, and obese individuals. Steady-state NT-proANP levels, adjusted for baseline, were lower in individuals with greater insulin resistance, independent of BMI. In contrast to NT-proANP, NT-proBNP levels did not change significantly during the clamp (p = 0.41). Conclusion Insulin administration was associated with a moderate decrease in circulating NT-proANP, but not NT-proBNP. The lowest NT-proANP concentrations were found in insulin-resistant individuals. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying the effects of insulin on the cardiac hormonal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N. Bachmann
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Serpil Muge Deger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Aseel Alsouqi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shi Huang
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Meng Xu
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jane F. Ferguson
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yan Ru Su
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Niswender
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - T. Alp Ikizler
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Wang
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Woodman OL, Malakul W, Cao AH, Xu Q, Ritchie RH. Atrial natriuretic peptide prevents diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. Life Sci 2008; 82:847-54. [PMID: 18302965 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 01/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) exerts beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system in part by exerting antioxidant activity. Given that oxidant stress is a key cause of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes, we investigated whether ANP improves endothelial function in rats with diabetes. Rats were injected with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg iv) to induce type 1 diabetes or the citrate vehicle as controls (n=12). After 4 weeks the diabetic rats were treated with ANP (10 pmol/kg/min sc, n=12) or the antioxidant tempol (1.5 mmol/kg/day sc, n=11), both by osmotic minipump, ramipril (1 mg/kg per day in the drinking water) or remained untreated (n=11). After a further 4 weeks, anaesthetised rats were killed by exsanguination and the thoracic aortae collected for examination of vascular activity and measurement of superoxide generation. Diabetic rats showed elevated plasma glucose concentration (45+/-3 mM) compared to controls (10+/-1 mM) and this was not affected by ANP (43+/-3 mM), ramipril (41+/-2 mM) or tempol (43+/-2 mM). Endothelium-dependent relaxation ex vivo in response to acetylcholine was impaired in diabetic rats (Rmax=66+/-4%) compared to control rats (Rmax=94+/-1%) but treatment with ANP (Rmax=80+/-4%), ramipril (Rmax=88+/-2%) or tempol (Rmax=81+/-5%) significantly improved those responses. Relaxant responses to the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside were enhanced by treatment of diabetic rats with ANP or ramipril and their combination; but not by tempol. Superoxide generation was significantly elevated in aorta from untreated diabetic rats (649+/-146% of control). In diabetic rats, superoxide generation was significantly attenuated by ANP (to 229+/-78%) or tempol (to 186+/-64%). This study demonstrates that ANP improves vascular oxidant stress in concert with endothelial function, independent of any effect on plasma glucose levels. These studies may lead to new therapies, based on natriuretic peptide and/or antioxidant approaches, for ameliorating the vascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen L Woodman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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