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Salamone M, Rigogliuso S, Nicosia A, Campora S, Bruno CM, Ghersi G. 3D Collagen Hydrogel Promotes In Vitro Langerhans Islets Vascularization through ad-MVFs Angiogenic Activity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070739. [PMID: 34199087 PMCID: PMC8301445 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose derived microvascular fragments (ad-MVFs) consist of effective vascularization units able to reassemble into efficient microvascular networks. Because of their content in stem cells and related angiogenic activity, ad-MVFs represent an interesting tool for applications in regenerative medicine. Here we show that gentle dissociation of rat adipose tissue provides a mixture of ad-MVFs with a length distribution ranging from 33–955 μm that are able to maintain their original morphology. The isolated units of ad-MVFs that resulted were able to activate transcriptional switching toward angiogenesis, forming tubes, branches, and entire capillary networks when cultured in 3D collagen type-I hydrogel. The proper involvement of metalloproteases (MMP2/MMP9) and serine proteases in basal lamina and extracellular matrix ECM degradation during the angiogenesis were concurrently assessed by the evaluation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression. These results suggest that collagen type-I hydrogel provides an adequate 3D environment supporting the activation of the vascularization process. As a proof of concept, we exploited 3D collagen hydrogel for the setting of ad-MVF–islet of Langerhans coculture to improve the islets vascularization. Our results suggest potential employment of the proposed in vitro system for regenerative medicine applications, such as the improving of the islet of Langerhans engraftment before transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Salamone
- Abiel s.r.l., c/o Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Salvatrice Rigogliuso
- Abiel s.r.l., c/o Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation-National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Simona Campora
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Marco Bruno
- Abiel s.r.l., c/o Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Abiel s.r.l., c/o Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (C.M.B.)
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Rigogliuso S, Salamone M, Barbarino E, Barbarino M, Nicosia A, Ghersi G. Production of Injectable Marine Collagen-Based Hydrogel for the Maintenance of Differentiated Chondrocytes in Tissue Engineering Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165798. [PMID: 32806778 PMCID: PMC7461064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage is an avascular tissue with limited ability of self-repair. The use of autologous chondrocyte transplants represent an effective strategy for cell regeneration; however, preserving the differentiated state, which ensures the ability to regenerate damaged cartilage, represents the main challenge during in vitro culturing. For this purpose, we produced an injectable marine collagen-based hydrogel, by mixing native collagen from the jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo with hydroxy-phenyl-propionic acid (HPA)-functionalized marine gelatin. This biocompatible hydrogel formulation, due to the ability of enzymatically reticulate using horseradish peroxidase (HPR) and H2O2, gives the possibility of trap cells inside, in the absence of cytotoxic effects, during the cross-linking process. Moreover, it enables the modulation of the hydrogel stiffness merely varying the concentration of H2O2 without changes in the concentration of polymer precursors. The maintenance of differentiated chondrocytes in culture was then evaluated via morphological analysis of cell phenotype, GAG production and cytoskeleton organization. Additionally, gene expression profiling of differentiation/dedifferentiation markers provided evidence for the promotion of the chondrogenic gene expression program. This, combined with the biochemical properties of marine collagen, represents a promising strategy for maintaining in vitro the cellular phenotype in the aim of the use of autologous chondrocytes in regenerative medicine practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatrice Rigogliuso
- Abiel s.r.l, c/o University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Monica Salamone
- Abiel s.r.l, c/o University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Enza Barbarino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Barbarino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation-National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Abiel s.r.l, c/o University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.B.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (G.G.)
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3
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Neural Crest-Derived Chondrocytes Isolation for Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2020. [PMID: 32295228 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040962.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte transplantation has been successfully tested and proposed as a clinical procedure aiming to repair articular cartilage defects. However, the isolation of chondrocytes and the optimization of the enzymatic digestion process, as well as their successful in vitro expansion, remain the main challenges in cartilage tissue engineering. In order to address these issues, we investigated the performance of recombinant collagenases in tissue dissociation assays with the aim of isolating chondrocytes from bovine nasal cartilage in order to establish the optimal enzyme blend to ensure the best outcomes of the overall procedure. We show, for the first time, that collagenase H activity alone is required for effective cartilage digestion, resulting in an improvement in the yield of viable cells. The extracted chondrocytes proved able to grow and activate differentiation/dedifferentiation programs, as assessed by morphological and gene expression analyses.
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4
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Salamone M, Rigogliuso S, Nicosia A, Tagliavia M, Campora S, Cinà P, Bruno C, Ghersi G. Neural Crest-Derived Chondrocytes Isolation for Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040962. [PMID: 32295228 PMCID: PMC7226976 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte transplantation has been successfully tested and proposed as a clinical procedure aiming to repair articular cartilage defects. However, the isolation of chondrocytes and the optimization of the enzymatic digestion process, as well as their successful in vitro expansion, remain the main challenges in cartilage tissue engineering. In order to address these issues, we investigated the performance of recombinant collagenases in tissue dissociation assays with the aim of isolating chondrocytes from bovine nasal cartilage in order to establish the optimal enzyme blend to ensure the best outcomes of the overall procedure. We show, for the first time, that collagenase H activity alone is required for effective cartilage digestion, resulting in an improvement in the yield of viable cells. The extracted chondrocytes proved able to grow and activate differentiation/dedifferentiation programs, as assessed by morphological and gene expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Salamone
- Abiel s.r.l, c/o University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Salvatrice Rigogliuso
- Abiel s.r.l, c/o University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation-National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.N.); (M.T.)
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies [STEBICEF], University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Tagliavia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation-National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.N.); (M.T.)
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies [STEBICEF], University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Campora
- Abiel s.r.l, c/o University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies [STEBICEF], University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Cinà
- Abiel s.r.l, c/o University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Carmelo Bruno
- Abiel s.r.l, c/o University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Abiel s.r.l, c/o University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (S.C.); (P.C.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies [STEBICEF], University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Vibrio Proteases for Biomedical Applications: Modulating the Proteolytic Secretome of V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus for Improved Enzymes Production. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100387. [PMID: 31554228 PMCID: PMC6843219 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes are of great interest for biotechnological purposes, and their large-scale production, as well as the discovery of strains producing new molecules, is a relevant issue. Collagenases are employed for biomedical and pharmaceutical purposes. The high specificity of collagenase-based preparations toward the substrate strongly relies on the enzyme purity. However, the overall activity may depend on the cooperation with other proteases, the presence of which may be essential for the overall enzymatic activity, but potentially harmful for cells and tissues. Vibrios produce some of the most promising bacterial proteases (including collagenases), and their exo-proteome includes several enzymes with different substrate specificities, the production and relative abundances of which strongly depend on growth conditions. We evaluated the effects of different media compositions on the proteolytic exo-proteome of Vibrio alginolyticus and its closely relative Vibrio parahaemolyticus, in order to improve the overall proteases production, as well as the yield of the desired enzymes subset. Substantial biological responses were achieved with all media, which allowed defining culture conditions for targeted improvement of selected enzyme classes, besides giving insights in possible regulatory mechanisms. In particular, we focused our efforts on collagenases production, because of the growing biotechnological interest due to their pharmaceutical/biomedical applications.
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Bertuzzi F, De Carlis L, Marazzi M, Rampoldi AG, Bonomo M, Antonioli B, Tosca MC, Galuzzi M, Lauterio A, Fava D, Dorighet P, De Gasperi A, Colussi G. Long-term Effect of Islet Transplantation on Glycemic Variability. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:840-846. [PMID: 29871516 PMCID: PMC6047271 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718763751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation has been reported to restore normoglycemia and the overall metabolic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). In the most experienced centers, islet transplantation clinical outcome is similar to that of the whole pancreas transplantation. Long-term islet transplantation function remains a very interesting matter worth discussing. A progressive islet function decrease was reported, probably due to islet exhaustion. In 5 islet-transplanted patients with at least 3-yr follow-up and still insulin independent, their glycemic control was characterized by a blinded retrospective continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). Islet transplantation restored glycemic control and glucose variability. Data were compared with patients in the waiting list. All the parameters of glycemic variability tested had improved significantly in patients who had islet transplantation compared with those patients who were on the waiting list. In conclusion, islet transplantation is able to maintain a proper glucose control and normalize glycemic variability in selected patients. A blinded retrospective CGMS is a useful method to characterize glucose homeostasis deeply in vivo in islet-transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Marazzi
- 3 Tissue Therapy Unit, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Galuzzi
- 3 Tissue Therapy Unit, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Danila Fava
- 5 Diabetology Unit, S. San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Dorighet
- 6 Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Colussi
- 6 Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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7
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Al-Abdullah IH, Bagramyan K, Bilbao S, Qi M, Kalkum M. Fluorogenic Peptide Substrate for Quantification of Bacterial Enzyme Activities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44321. [PMID: 28287171 PMCID: PMC5347087 DOI: 10.1038/srep44321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel peptide substrate (A G G P L G P P G P G G) was developed for quantifying the activities of bacterial enzymes using a highly sensitive Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based assay. The peptide substrate was cleaved by collagenase class I, II, Liberase MTF C/T, collagenase NB1, and thermolysin/neutral protease, which was significantly enhanced in the presence of CaCl2. However, the activities of these enzymes were significantly decreased in the presence of ZnSO4 or ZnCl2. Collagenase I, II, Liberase MTF C/T, thermolysin/neutral protease share similar cleavage sites, L↓G and P↓G. However, collagenase NB1 cleaves the peptide substrate at G↓P and P↓L, in addition to P↓G. The enzyme activity is pH dependent, within a range of 6.8 to 7.5, but was significantly diminished at pH 8.0. Interestingly, the peptide substrate was not cleaved by endogenous pancreatic protease such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase. In conclusion, the novel peptide substrate is collagenase, thermolysin/neutral protease specific and can be applied to quantify enzyme activities from different microbes. Furthermore, the assay can be used for fine-tuning reaction mixtures of various agents to enhance the overall activity of a cocktail of multiple enzymes and achieve optimal organ/tissue digestion, while protecting the integrity of the target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail H. Al-Abdullah
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, USA
| | - Karine Bagramyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, USA
| | - Shiela Bilbao
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, USA
| | - Meirigeng Qi
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, USA
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, USA
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8
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Knapinska AM, Amar S, He Z, Matosevic S, Zylberberg C, Fields GB. Matrix metalloproteinases as reagents for cell isolation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:29-43. [PMID: 27702483 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell isolation methods for therapeutic purposes have seen little advancement over the years. The original methods of stem cell and islet isolation using bacterial collagenases were developed in the early 1980s and are still used today. Bacterial collagenases are subject to autodegradation, and isolates obtained with these enzymes may be contaminated with endotoxins, reducing cell viability and contributing to toxicity in downstream applications. Here we describe a novel method for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (ADSC) utilizing recombinantly produced matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). The ADSCs isolated by MMPs displayed essentially identical morphological and phenotypical characteristics to cells isolated by bacterially-derived collagenase I and Liberase™. Samples isolated with MMPs and Liberase™ had comparable levels of CD73, CD90, and CD105. The adipogenic and osteogenic potential of the ADSCs isolated by MMPs was retained as compared to cells isolated with Liberase™. However, ADSCs isolated by Liberase™ displayed 6% contamination with other cells as per negative markers revealed by PE staining, as opposed to<1% for all MMP-treated samples. MMP-based cell isolation may contribute to optimization of transplantation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Knapinska
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, United States
| | - Sabrina Amar
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, United States
| | - Zhong He
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, United States
| | | | | | - Gregg B Fields
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, United States; The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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9
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Synergistic Effect of Neutral Protease and Clostripain on Rat Pancreatic Islet Isolation. Transplantation 2016; 99:1349-55. [PMID: 25803499 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet isolation currently requires collagenase, neutral protease and other components. Thermolysin (TL) from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus is the gold standard neutral protease. However, we speculated that neutral protease derived from Clostridium histolyticum (Ch; ChNP) would be biologically superior for islet isolation. Tryptic-like activity has also been reported to be important. Therefore, we focused on clostripain (CP), since it is one of the main proteases in Clostridium histolyticum which possesses tryptic-like activity. We then examined the synergistic effects of highly purified ChNP and CP on rat islet isolation. METHODS The same amount of collagenase was used in all four groups (TL, ChNP, TL+CP and ChNP+CP; n = 12/group). The efficiency was evaluated by the islet yield and function. An immunohistochemical analysis, in vitro digestion assay for each enzyme component and evaluation of the activation of endogenous exocrine proteases during islet isolation were also performed. RESULTS The islet yield of the TL group was significantly higher than that of the ChNP group (P < 0.01). The islet yield was dose dependently increased in the ChNP+CP group, but was decreased in the TL + CP group. The islet yield in the ChNP + CP group was significantly higher than that in the TL group, but their islet function was similar. Different specificities for laminin, especially laminin-511, were observed in the TL, ChNP, and CP groups. CONCLUSIONS Clostripain had a strong synergistic effect with ChNP, but not with TL. Therefore, ChNP and CP, in combination with collagenase derived from the same bacteria, may effectively increase the isolation efficiency without affecting the quality of islets.
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Salamone M, Nicosia A, Bennici C, Quatrini P, Catania V, Mazzola S, Ghersi G, Cuttitta A. Comprehensive Analysis of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain Extracellular Serine Protease VpSP37. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126349. [PMID: 26162075 PMCID: PMC4498684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases play an important role in the field of tissue dissociation combined with regenerative medicine. During the years new sources of proteolytic enzymes have been studied including proteases from different marine organisms both eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Herein we have purified a secreted component of an isolate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, with electrophoretic mobilities corresponding to 36 kDa, belonging to the serine proteases family. Sequencing of the N-terminus enabled the in silico identification of the whole primary structure consisting of 345 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 37.4 KDa. The purified enzyme, named VpSP37, contains a Serine protease domain between residues 35 and 276 and a canonical Trypsin/Chimotrypsin 3D structure. Functional assays were performed to evaluate protease activity of purified enzyme. Additionally the performance of VpSP37 was evaluated in tissue dissociations experiments and the use of such enzyme as a component of enzyme blend for tissue dissociation procedures is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Salamone
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, Torretta Granitola 91021, Trapani, Sicily, Italy
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, Torretta Granitola 91021, Trapani, Sicily, Italy
| | - Carmelo Bennici
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, Torretta Granitola 91021, Trapani, Sicily, Italy
| | - Paola Quatrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF),Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, edificio 16, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Valentina Catania
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF),Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, edificio 16, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mazzola
- National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Calata porta di Massa, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF),Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, edificio 16, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Calata porta di Massa, 80133, Napoli, Italy
- ABIEL S.r.l., Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola 91021, Trapani, Sicily, Italy
| | - Angela Cuttitta
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, Torretta Granitola 91021, Trapani, Sicily, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF),Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, edificio 16, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Calata porta di Massa, 80133, Napoli, Italy
- ABIEL S.r.l., Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola 91021, Trapani, Sicily, Italy
- * E-mail:
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11
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Tokmina-Roszyk M, Tokmina-Roszyk D, Bhowmick M, Fields GB. Development of a Förster resonance energy transfer assay for monitoring bacterial collagenase triple-helical peptidase activity. Anal Biochem 2014; 453:61-9. [PMID: 24608089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to their efficiency in the hydrolysis of the collagen triple helix, Clostridium histolyticum collagenases are used for isolation of cells from various tissues, including isolation of the human pancreatic islets. However, the instability of clostridial collagenase I (Col G) results in a degraded Col G that has weak collagenolytic activity and an adverse effect on islet isolation and viability. A Förster resonance energy transfer triple-helical peptide substrate (fTHP) has been developed for selective evaluation of bacterial collagenase activity. The fTHP [sequence: Gly-mep-Flp-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)4-Gly-Lys(Mca)-Thr-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys(Dnp)-Ser-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)4-NH2] had a melting temperature (Tm) of 36.2°C and was hydrolyzed efficiently by bacterial collagenase (k(cat)/K(M)=25,000s(-1)M(-1)) but not by clostripain, trypsin, neutral protease, thermolysin, or elastase. The fTHP bacterial collagenase assay allows for rapid and specific assessment of enzyme activity toward triple helices and, thus, potential application for evaluating the efficiency of cell isolation by collagenases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gregg B Fields
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
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12
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Structure of collagenase G reveals a chew-and-digest mechanism of bacterial collagenolysis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18:1109-14. [PMID: 21947205 PMCID: PMC3191118 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Collagen constitutes one third of the body protein in humans, reflecting its extraordinary role in health and disease. Of similar importance, therefore, are the idiosyncratic proteases that nature evolved for collagen remodeling. Intriguingly, the most efficient collagenases are those that enable clostridial bacteria to colonize their host tissues, but despite intense studies, the structural and mechanistic basis of these enzymes has remained elusive. Here we present the crystal structure of collagenase G from Clostridium histolyticum at 2.55 Å resolution. By combining the structural data with enzymatic and mutagenesis studies, we derive a conformational two-state model of bacterial collagenolysis, in which the recognition and unraveling of collagen microfibrils into triple helices as well as the unwinding of the latter go hand in hand with collagenase opening and closing.
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