1
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Guo J, Zhang T, Song S, Li J. Combinations of compound cold medicines should be used with caution: a case series. Front Med (Lausanne) 2025; 12:1513019. [PMID: 40151828 PMCID: PMC11949375 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1513019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Compound cold medicines contain multiple ingredients and are widely used to alleviate discomfort caused by viral infections. It is generally believed that compound cold medicines rarely cause serious adverse reactions; therefore, patients do not need a prescription for them. Many individuals suffer from chronic illnesses and must take medications for prolonged periods. These patients may experience serious drug-drug interactions if they self-administer compound cold medicines. Here, we report three cases of severe adverse drug reactions induced by compound cold medicines. Case presentation All patients had a chronic disease and had been taking medication for a long time without experiencing serious adverse reactions. However, after self-administering a compound cold medicine, serious drug-drug interactions occurred. In Case 1, a 67-year-old woman with no history of coronary artery disease or angina developed angina after concurrently taking diltiazem and compound methoxyphenamine. In Case 2, a 65-year-old man who was taking propylthiouracil for a year without any adverse reactions experienced mental status abnormalities and acute liver failure after taking "CONTAC NT." In Case 3, a 63-year-old man, who was taking levodopa, entacapone, and selegiline for a long time, without any apparent adverse reactions, developed serotonin syndrome after adding CONTAC NT. These issues were resolved after the discontinuation of medication. Conclusion Patients should consult a pharmacist or physician before using compound cold medicines to avoid the risk of adverse reactions caused by drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tianning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yunnan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shaohui Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Dadukou District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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2
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Caron P. The key data from the 2023 European Thyroid Association Annual Meeting: Treatment of hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:158-160. [PMID: 38092571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Caron
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Unit, CHU Larrey, 24, chemin de Pouvourville, TSA 30030, 31059 Toulouse cedex, France.
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3
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Shen Y, Shi X, Zhang M, Xu Z, Yin J. Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Failure During Pregnancy: Case Report and Literature Review. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:1951-1955. [PMID: 37633757 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Liver failure during pregnancy is a rare and highly fatal condition frequently resulting from the patient's pre-existing chronic liver disease. There is no established protocol for managing this condition, and physicians tend to adopt a conservative approach due to concerns about the impact of liver transplantation on fetal development. However, conservative treatment may exacerbate the condition, increasing the risk of fetal and miscarriage deaths. In this study, we present a case of acute-on-chronic liver failure resulting from chronic hepatitis during the 19th week of gestation. Despite undergoing conservative treatment, the fetus tragically died, but the patient achieved an excellent clinical outcome after emergency liver transplantation. We also conducted a systematic review of the literature on liver transplantation during pregnancy from the last decade, examining the causes of liver failure and transplantation during pregnancy. Our research complied with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Istanbul Declaration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousu Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiling Shi
- Department of Obstetrics, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhidan Xu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Junxiang Yin
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
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4
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Kamath P, Kamath A, Ullal SD. Liver injury associated with drug intake during pregnancy. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:747-762. [PMID: 34367496 PMCID: PMC8326163 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i7.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug use during pregnancy is not common. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a potential complication that is rare but can adversely affect both the mother and the fetus. Although many drugs can directly cause hepatotoxicity, idiosyncratic liver injury is common in pregnancy. Underreporting of adverse drug reactions, lack of adequate literature regarding drug safety in pregnancy, and the inherent difficulty in diagnosing DILI during pregnancy make the management of this condition challenging. This review attempts to describe the existing literature regarding DILI in pregnancy, which is mainly in the form of case reports; several studies have looked at the safety of antithyroid drugs, antiretroviral drugs, and paracetamol, which have an indication for use in pregnancy; the relevant data from these studies with regard to DILI has been presented. In addition, the review describes the diagnosis of DILI, grading the disease severity, assessment of causality linking the drug to the adverse event, regulatory guidelines for evaluating the potential of drugs to cause liver injury, efforts to ensure better participation of women in clinical trials and studies in pregnant women population in particular, and the challenges involved in generating adequate research evidence. The establishment of DILI registries in various countries is an encouraging development; however, there is a need for promoting active, spontaneous reporting of adverse events during pregnancy to ensure rapid generation of evidence regarding the safety of a drug in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kamath
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India - 575001
| | - Ashwin Kamath
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India - 575001.
| | - Sheetal D Ullal
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India - 575001
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5
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Romano DN, Mokuolu DC, Katz DJ, DeMaria S. Orthotopic liver transplant in the pregnant recipient: A systematic review of preoperative management and maternal and fetal outcomes. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14269. [PMID: 33615548 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe liver dysfunction requiring transplantation is a major event at any stage of life, but for those requiring liver transplantation while pregnant, two lives hang in the balance. Available evidence on this relatively rare event consists solely of case reports and have yet to be reviewed or synthesized. We performed a systematic literature review and analyzed reports of 22 patients who underwent liver transplantation during pregnancy. This review describes the reported etiologies of hepatic failure in pregnant patients requiring transplantation, perioperative anesthetic management techniques, and the maternal and fetal clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana N Romano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Liver Transplant Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Debbie C Mokuolu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Katz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel DeMaria
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Liver Transplant Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Lee JC, Li PH, Mok TY, You SH, Hung HC, Lee CF, Chou HS, Lee WC. Acute exacerbation of hepatitis B with hepatic failure during the first trimester of pregnancy: Delivery of a healthy term baby after liver transplantation. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:1386-1390. [PMID: 32909341 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The severe form of acute exacerbation of hepatitis B during pregnancy is a rare but life-threatening condition for both the mother and the fetus. A 32-year-old pregnant woman at 10 weeks of gestation was diagnosed with acute decompensated liver failure due to acute exacerbation of hepatitis B. The Model for End-stage Liver Disease score was up to 37. The patient was managed carefully with antiviral treatment, fluid resuscitation, correction of coagulopathy, close monitoring of hepatic function, and regular assessment of the fetus. She was transplanted with a deceased liver at 14 weeks and 1 day of gestation. With careful post-transplant care and avoidance of medication with risk of miscarriage and teratogenicity, a healthy baby was delivered at 39 weeks and 1 day of gestation. Herein, we report this critical condition of pregnancy that was complicated with liver failure due to acute exacerbation of hepatitis B, but had favorable outcomes for both the mother and the baby after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chiao Lee
- Division of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hua Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Yee Mok
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chien Hung
- Division of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fang Lee
- Division of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiue Chou
- Division of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Division of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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7
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Francis T, Francis N, Lazarus JH, Okosieme OE. Safety of antithyroid drugs in pregnancy: update and therapy implications. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:565-576. [PMID: 32223355 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1748007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The thionamide antithyroid drugs, methimazole (MMI), its pro-drug derivative carbimazole (CMZ), and propylthiouracil (PTU) are the mainstay of treatment for hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. However, antithyroid drugs carry risks of adverse effects that can affect fetal and maternal well-being.Areas covered: This review provides an update on the safety of antithyroid drugs in pregnancy, focusing on the most serious concerns of severe liver disease and congenital anomalies.Expert opinion: PTU-induced liver disease is uncommon but can run a catastrophic course in pregnancy with a risk of liver failure and threats to maternal or fetal survival. Acute pancreatitis is a relatively rare occurrence that has been linked to thionamide use in a handful of reports in non-pregnant individuals. Observational studies on the risk of birth defects with antithyroid drug exposure in pregnancy overall show an increase in birth defect risk with exposure to CMZ/MMI, and to a lesser extent, PTU. Further studies are required to determine whether the currently recommended approach of switching between thionamide drugs in pregnancy improves outcomes. Ultimately, a preventative strategy of offering definitive therapy to hyperthyroid women of childbearing potential offers the best approach to truly reduce the risks of antithyroid drug adverse effects in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanuya Francis
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Prince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf University Health Board, Merthyr Tydfil, UK
| | - Niroshan Francis
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Prince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf University Health Board, Merthyr Tydfil, UK
| | - John H Lazarus
- Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Onyebuchi E Okosieme
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Prince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf University Health Board, Merthyr Tydfil, UK.,Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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8
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Weissman S, Rajaratnam NG, Qureshi N, Inayat F, Elias S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Unique Presentation of Single-Dose Administration of Propylthiouracil. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2020; 8:2324709620951323. [PMID: 32830568 PMCID: PMC7448262 DOI: 10.1177/2324709620951323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antithyroid drug-induced severe liver injury is an uncommon but serious complication. We hereby delineate the case of a 38-year-old female who presented to the emergency department for an impending thyroid storm. After initiation of a single dose of propylthiouracil, her liver enzymes went into the thousands. She was subsequently admitted to the intensive care unit. Propylthiouracil was discontinued and corticosteroids were initiated with the resolution of her elevated liver enzymes. On follow-up, her liver function was at its baseline and thyroid hormone levels were under control. We hope this report will encourage clinicians to cast a broad differential diagnosis in patients presenting with liver injury in the acute setting. Furthermore, it is imperative to raise awareness regarding the ever-increasing list of pharmacologic agents that can perpetuate drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simcha Weissman
- Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ, USA
| | | | - Nabeel Qureshi
- Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ, USA
| | - Faisal Inayat
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sameh Elias
- Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ, USA
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