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Zhao Y, Lin H, Ma J, Cui Y. Botulinum toxin type A activates protective autophagy by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated endothelial cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17907. [PMID: 37483799 PMCID: PMC10362318 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) previously protected endothelial cells in free skin flaps from ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing autophagy. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-autophagy activation may have a role in BTXA-antagonized ischemia/reperfusion damage in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs), however, this has yet to be proven. HDMECs were pretreated with BTXA at various concentrations for 12 h before being subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R). Cell Count Kit 8 (CCK8) and Western blot (WB) data showed that H/R treatment significantly increased the expression of ER stress (GRP78, CHOP) and autophagy (LC3II/I, Beclin-1) proteins. The optimal BTXA pretreatment concentration was 1.6 U/mL, which resulted in the highest levels of cell survival and expression of ER stress and autophagy. Following pretreatment with 1.6 U/mL BTXA and the addition of the ER stress inducer Thapsigargin (Tg), the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), and the inhibitor of autophagy Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1), respectively, HDMECs were then subjected to H/R treatment. Cell survival and the percentage of ethynyldeoxyuridine-labeled cells in the BTXA pretreatment groups were reduced by the addition of Tg, 4-PBA, and Baf A1. While the expression of GRP78, CHOP, and LC3 was upregulated by Tg and Baf A1, it was downregulated by 4-PBA. The findings showed that ER stress produced by BTXA pretreatment triggers protective autophagy and protects HDMECs from H/R damage. There were no cytoprotective effects from either excessive activation or reduction of ER stress. Our results are consistent with the notion that autophagy and moderate ER stress are critical for cellular longevity and, consequently, functional integrity and may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Pignet AL, Schellnegger M, Hecker A, Kohlhauser M, Kotzbeck P, Kamolz LP. Resveratrol-Induced Signal Transduction in Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312614. [PMID: 34884419 PMCID: PMC8657598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a well-known polyphenol that harbors various health benefits. Besides its well-known anti-oxidative potential, resveratrol exerts anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and cell-protective effects. It seems to be a promising adjuvant for various medical indications, such as cancer, vascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, resveratrol was shown to display beneficial effects on the human skin. The polyphenol is discussed to be a feasible treatment approach to accelerate wound healing and prevent the development of chronic wounds without the drawback of systemic side effects. Despite resveratrol’s increasing popularity, its molecular mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. To take full advantage of resveratrol’s therapeutic potential, a profound knowledge of its interactions with its targets is needed. Therefore, this review highlights the resveratrol-induced molecular pathways with particular focus on the most relevant variables in wound healing, namely inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, collagen proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Pignet
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.H.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (L.-P.K.)
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-876-6013
| | - Marlies Schellnegger
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.H.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (L.-P.K.)
| | - Andrzej Hecker
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.H.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (L.-P.K.)
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Kohlhauser
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.H.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (L.-P.K.)
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.H.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (L.-P.K.)
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.H.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (L.-P.K.)
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Fooladvand F, Tahouri V, Baeeri M, Minaei T, Rahimifard M, Hodjat M, Khorasani R, Haghi-Aminjan H, Abdollahi M. Toxic potential of botulinum toxin type A on senescence in a Drosophila melanogaster model. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1576-1582. [PMID: 34458104 PMCID: PMC8379625 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT/A) application, especially neurological disorders, has been spread nowadays while it may cause side effects. The current study aimed to assess the BoNT/A dose-dependent effect on induction of aging in the Drosophila melanogaster model. The third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were exposed to ¼ LC50, ½ LC50, and LC50 of BoNT/A in the Drosophila diet for 48 h while H2O2 1% was used as a positive control. After the exposure time, some larvae were collected for molecular study, including gene expression analysis, comet assay, oxidative stress markers, and the phenotype changes. BoNT/A induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. In addition, it caused DNA damage and activated caspase-3 and -9, and reduced the body size of the fly, especially in high doses. In line with the purpose of the study, aging markers, including β-galactosidase (β-gal), p16, p21, p38, and p53, were up-regulated by BoNT/A low dose. BoNT/A activates the aging pathway in the low dose, and increasing the dose induces toxicity, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Fooladvand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Tahouri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Minaei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khorasani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Han Y, Song Y, Cheng H. BTX-A Promotes Expression of Angiogenesis-Associated Genes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:2154-2165. [PMID: 33181024 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is an episodic vasospasm of the peripheral arteries caused by an exaggerated reaction to cold temperature or emotional stress. Restoring the angiogenesis capability of the acral lesional skin is a critical strategy to treat RP. Local injection of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) has also been reported for treatment of RP. However, since the exact mechanisms of BTX-A action are still unclear, its administration for treatment of RP is not widely used. In the present study, BTX-A was found to promote angiogenesis and relieve RP in the patient. To elucidate its mechanisms against angiogenesis, BTX-A was used to treat human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), one of the most popular in vitro models of angiogenesis, and RNA sequencing was used to investigate differentially expressed genes. A total of 413 genes were upregulated, and 1634 were downregulated, with fold-changes >2.0 in HUVECs treated with BTX-A. Gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed BTX-A affected expression of angiogenesis-associated, angiogenesis-associated signaling pathway-related, metabolic pathway, and epigenetic regulation-related genes. These results demonstrate potential biomarkers of BTX-A action, thereby providing potential therapeutic mechanism(s) by which BTX-A relieves RP symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Luxia Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Han
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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