Hepatic Artery Reconstruction in Living Donor Liver Transplantation With the Radial Artery Interpositional Graft

Navigating complex arterial reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation: the role of the splenic artery as a viable conduit

BACKGROUND

In living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), maintaining hepatic arterial flow is critical for graft survival. Alternative methods are required when the recipient's hepatic artery is unsuitable due to extensive dissection or inadequate flow. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of splenic artery transposition (SAT) for hepatic arterial reconstruction in LDLT.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included 10 LDLT patients with hepatic arterial reconstruction by SAT to assess operative parameters, postoperative complications, mortality, and patency rate.

RESULTS

The splenic artery was used because of arterial dissection (70%) or inadequate arterial blood flow. Operative time ranged from 640 to 1020 min, and no splenic infarction was observed. Post-operative complications were as follows; biliary leakage (10%), pancreatitis (10%), intraabdominal hemorrhage (10%), and arterial thrombosis (10%). Mortality in this cohort was 30%, one of them was due to thrombosis of the conduit and the other two died from sepsis-related complications. With a median follow-up of 43 months, this technique was associated with a 70% survival rate.

CONCLUSION

The splenic artery is a viable conduit for hepatic arterial reconstruction in LDLT, demonstrating an acceptable safety profile and complication rates. This approach is recommended in cases where the recipient's hepatic artery is significantly compromised.

Arterial Anastomosis Using Microsurgical Techniques in Adult Live Donor Liver Transplant: A Focus on Technique and Outcomes at a Single Institution

BACKGROUND

 Microvascular hepatic artery reconstruction (MHAR) is associated with decreased rates of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). There is a paucity of literature describing the learning points and initiation of this technique at the institutional level. The objective of this study is to report our institutional experience using MHAR in adult LDLT with a focus on technique and outcomes.

METHODS

 A retrospective review of adult patients who underwent LDLT from January 2012 to December 2020 was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups, those who underwent LDLT without MHAR and with MHAR. We analyzed cases for technical data including donor and recipient artery characteristics, anastomotic techniques, intraop events, and postop complications. A Mann-Whitney test was performed to compare outcomes between non-MHAR and MHAR patients.

RESULTS

 Fifty non-MHAR and 50 MHAR patients met inclusion criteria. Median age at transplantation was 58 (interquartile range [IQR] 11.8) and 57.5 years (IQR 14.5), respectively. Median follow-up for MHAR patients was 12.8 months (IQR 11.6). The most common recipient arteries were the right hepatic artery (HA) (58%) and left HA (20%). Median size of recipient and donor arteries were 3.3 mm (IQR 0.7) and 3.1 mm (IQR 0.7), resulting in a median mismatch size of 0.3 mm (IQR 0.4). Median microanastomosis time was 44 minutes (IQR 0). HAT, graft failure, and mortality rates were higher in the non-MHAR cohort (6% vs. 0%, 8% vs. 0%, and 16% vs. 6%, respectively); however, these did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSION

 This study found lower rates of HAT and graft failure after implementing MHAR, though statistical significance was not achieved. Larger cohort studies are needed to further assess the potential benefit of MHAR in adult LDLT. From our experience, MHAR requires cooperation between the transplant and microsurgical teams, with technical challenges overcome with appropriate instrumentation and planning.

Single vs Multiple Arterial Reconstructions in Living Donor Liver Transplant

BACKGROUND

It is true that multiple arterial reconstructions are sometimes required in living donor liver transplant (LDLT). However, the best procedure is still controversial regarding arterial reconstruction in liver grafts with multiple arteries.

METHODS

A total of 93 patients, 55 right lobe grafts and 38 left lobe grafts, who underwent LDLT at our university from 2003 to 2017 were enrolled for this study. Regarding arterial reconstruction in grafts with multiple hepatic arteries, the dominant artery was reconstructed first. Subsequently, when both the pulsating arterial flow from the remaining artery stumps and the intra-graft arterial flow by Doppler ultrasonography were confirmed, the remaining arteries were not reconstructed. The patients were divided into the following 3 groups: (1) single artery/single reconstruction (n = 81), (2) selective arterial reconstruction of multiple arterial grafts (n = 7), and (3) multiple arterial reconstructions (n = 5).

RESULTS

A total of 12.9% (12/93; right lobe: 2/55; left lobe 10/38) of grafts had multiple arteries. The incidence of multiple arteries was significantly higher in the left lobe grafts (P = .0029). The arterial diameters (SD) of multiple arterial grafts were narrower (2.43 [0.84] mm) than single arterial grafts (3.70 [1.30] mm) (P = .0135). Extra-anatomic arterial reconstruction were frequently required in multiple arterial reconstructions (group 1 and 2 vs 3) (P = .0007). The strategy of selective arterial reconstruction with the above criteria did not negatively affect the rates of biliary complications or the overall patient survival (P = .52).

CONCLUSIONS

It can be argued that selective arterial reconstructions demonstrated acceptable outcomes in LDLT, provided that the above criteria were satisfied.

Use of the Descending Branch of the Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery as an Arterial Graft in Living Donor Liver Transplant

BACKGROUND

Reconstructing the hepatic artery in living donor liver transplantation presents the challenges of a short and small donor vessel stump, which is compounded by poor surgical access for microsurgical anastomosis. Arterial interpositional grafts (eg, the radial artery) have been used to overcome these problems. The purpose of this presentation is to describe the use of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (DLCFA) as an alternative when the patient has had an abnormal Allen's test precluding the use of the radial artery or if a Y-graft is needed.

METHODS

The DLCFA resides in the septum between the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles. A linear incision made over the proximal third of this septum exposed the avascular plane in which the vessel resides. A graft exceeding 10 cm could be harvested with diameters ranging between ≤2 and 7 mm. There were several muscular branches emanating from the profunda femoris artery system that could be dissected to the required length for a Y-shaped graft. Three cases of living donor liver transplantation using the DLCFA (straight and Y grafts) are described.

RESULTS

After DLCFA interpositional grafting, all patients had normal resistive indices on duplex ultrasonography of the intrahepatic arterial system. Follow-up of the 3 patients was between 2 and 6 months. There was no donor site morbidity.

CONCLUSIONS

The DLCFA graft was a useful arterial graft for hepatic artery reconstruction. It was easily harvested with minimal donor site morbidity.