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Ellakwa DES, Abdelmalek MA, Mostafa MM, Ellakwa TE, Wadan AHS. MircoRNAs predict and modulate responses to chemotherapy in leukemic patients. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2025; 398:6221-6238. [PMID: 39808312 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
Leukemia covers a broad category of cancer malignancies that specifically affect bone marrow and blood cells. While different kinds of leukemia have been identified, effective treatments are still lacking for most forms, and even those treatments considered effective can lead to relapses. MicroRNAs, or miRNAs, are short endogenous non-coding single-stranded RNAs that help control the epigenetics of gene expression. Recently, a literature review proposed that miRNAs provided promising therapeutic targets for patients diagnosed with leukemia. Due to genetic abnormalities occurring during the maturation of white blood cells, studies commonly observed uncontrolled replication and decreased cell death, compared to healthy cells. This results in the activation of oncogenes, deactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and disruption of normal cellular functions. Although conventional cancer treatments significantly contribute to patient recovery, they can also impose many side effects. MiRNAs all significantly regulate angiogenesis, migration, apoptosis, carcinogenesis, and gene expression. Regarding chemotherapy, mounting research indicates that microRNAs may directly influence how responsive leukemia is to chemical treatments. This article reviews current studies on microRNAs, examining their influence on cancer advancement and spread, as well as their possible applications as diagnostic indicators and treatment targets in leukemia. Furthermore, we integrated the functions of microRNAs in cancer formation and progression with leukemia patient care, offering fresh insights into leukemia detection and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha El-Sayed Ellakwa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantra Branch, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | | | - Mostafa M Mostafa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Takwa E Ellakwa
- Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Galala Plateau, Galala University, 15888), Attaka, Suez Governorate, Egypt
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Chang L, Qin C, Wu J, Jiang H, Xu Q, Chen J, Xu X, Zhang X, Guan M, Deng X. The crosstalk between glutathione metabolism and non-coding RNAs in cancer progression and treatment resistance. Redox Biol 2025; 84:103689. [PMID: 40403492 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2025.103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2025] [Revised: 05/11/2025] [Accepted: 05/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/24/2025] Open
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely associated with the initiation and progression of cancers. As the most abundant intracellular antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in regulating cellular ROS levels, modulating physiological processes, and is intricately linked to tumor progression and drug resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain not fully elucidated. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), are key regulators of GSH levels. Different ncRNAs modulate various pathways involved in GSH metabolism, and these regulatory targets have the potential to serve as therapeutic targets for enhancing cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the functions of GSH metabolism and highlight the significance of ncRNA-mediated regulation of GSH in cancer progression, drug resistance, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haoqin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinju Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Bian X, Zhou L, Luo Z, Liu G, Hang Z, Li H, Li F, Wen Y. Emerging Delivery Systems for Enabling Precision Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. ACS NANO 2025; 19:4039-4083. [PMID: 39834294 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics represent a highly promising treatment approach in modern medicine, treating diseases at the genetic level. However, these therapeutics face numerous challenges in practical applications, particularly regarding their stability, effectiveness, cellular uptake efficiency, and limitations in delivering them specifically to target tissues. To overcome these obstacles, researchers have developed various innovative delivery systems, including viral vectors, lipid nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, protein carriers, exosomes, antibody oligonucleotide conjugates, and DNA nanostructure-based delivery systems. These systems enhance the therapeutic efficacy of nucleic acid drugs by improving their stability, targeting specificity, and half-life in vivo. In this review, we systematically discuss different types of nucleic acid drugs, analyze the major barriers encountered in their delivery, and summarize the current research progress in emerging delivery systems. We also highlight the latest advancements in the application of these systems for treating genetic diseases, infectious diseases, cancer, brain diseases, and wound healing. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of nucleic acid drug delivery systems' current status and future directions by integrating the latest advancements in nanotechnology, biomaterials science, and gene editing technologies, emphasizing their transformative potential in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guotao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhongci Hang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haohao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fengyong Li
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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