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Stinchcombe A, Hopper S, Hammond NG, Weaver B, Bédard M. Personality Is Associated with Driving Avoidance in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Can J Aging 2023; 42:446-454. [PMID: 36999449 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980823000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As individuals age and become aware of changes in their driving capabilities, they are more likely to self-regulate their driving by avoiding certain driving situations (i.e., night driving, rush hour traffic, etc.). In this paper, we sought to examine the correlates of situational driving avoidance with a particular emphasis on the roles of personality traits, gender, and cognition within a large sample of mid-life and older adults from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Our findings show that women of older ages tend to report more driving avoidance and that personality traits, specifically extraversion, emotional stability, and openness to experience, may reduce driving avoidance. A negative association was also found between cognition and driving avoidance, such that individuals with higher cognition reported less driving avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawna Hopper
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicole G Hammond
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Weaver
- Centre for Research on Safe Driving, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Michel Bédard
- Centre for Research on Safe Driving, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
- Centre for Applied Health Research, St. Joseph's Care Group, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
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Huang G, Hung YH, Proctor RW, Pitts BJ. Age is more than just a number: The relationship among age, non-chronological age factors, self-perceived driving abilities, and autonomous vehicle acceptance. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 178:106850. [PMID: 36270109 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Globally, adults aged 65 and older are a rapidly-growing population. Aging is associated with declines in perceptual, cognitive, and physical abilities, which often creates challenges in completing daily activities, such as driving. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) promise to provide older adults one way to maintain their mobility and independence. However, recent surveys of AV acceptance suggest that older adults have a lower AV acceptance compared to younger generations. One challenge is that most of these assessments have not accounted for the various non-chronological age factors that contribute to how older adults perceive their own driving skills and the utility of AVs. To fill this research gap, this study investigated the effects of non-chronological age factors and rated self-perceived driving abilities on AV acceptance across three age groups. An online survey was conducted using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), for which 438 valid responses were received. Respondents were categorized into a younger (18-40 years), middle-aged (41-64 years), and older (65-79 years) adult age group. Results showed that drivers of a younger age, with higher educational attainment, who rated themselves to have higher social support, and who have lower rated self-perceived driving abilities, report being more willing to accept AVs. Findings from this work can help to inform models of AV technology acceptance and guide in the development of marketing strategies to promote knowledge of AVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojian Huang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, San Jose State University, United States
| | - Ya-Hsin Hung
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, United States
| | - Robert W Proctor
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, United States
| | - Brandon J Pitts
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, United States.
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3
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Aschenbrenner AJ, Murphy SA, Doherty JM, Johnson AM, Bayat S, Walker A, Peña Y, Hassenstab J, Morris JC, Babulal GM. Neuropsychological Correlates of Changes in Driving Behavior Among Clinically Healthy Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1769-1778. [PMID: 35869666 PMCID: PMC9535782 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the extent to which cognitive domain scores moderate change in driving behavior in cognitively healthy older adults using naturalistic (Global Positioning System-based) driving outcomes and to compare against self-reported outcomes using an established driving questionnaire. METHODS We analyzed longitudinal naturalistic driving behavior from a sample (N = 161, 45% female, mean age = 74.7 years, mean education = 16.5 years) of cognitively healthy, nondemented older adults. Composite driving variables were formed that indexed "driving space" and "driving performance." All participants completed a baseline comprehensive cognitive assessment that measured multiple domains as well as an annual self-reported driving outcomes questionnaire. RESULTS Across an average of 24 months of naturalistic driving, our results showed that attentional control, broadly defined as the ability to focus on relevant aspects of the environment and ignore distracting or competing information as measured behaviorally with tasks such as the Stroop color naming test, moderated change in driving space scores over time. Specifically, individuals with lower attentional control scores drove fewer trips per month, drove less at night, visited fewer unique locations, and drove in smaller spaces than those with higher attentional control scores. No cognitive domain predicted driving performance such as hard braking or sudden acceleration. DISCUSSION Attentional control is a key moderator of change over time in driving space but not driving performance in older adults. We speculate on mechanisms that may relate attentional control ability to modifications of driving behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha A Murphy
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jason M Doherty
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ann M Johnson
- Center for Clinical Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sayeh Bayat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexis Walker
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yasmin Peña
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ganesh M Babulal
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Institute of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri,USA.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Liang D, Lau N, Antin JF. Modeling of older adults' driving exposure and avoidance using objective driving data in a naturalistic driving study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 174:106728. [PMID: 35689967 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Older adults in the United States rely heavily on driving their own vehicles to commute to work, shop for groceries, and access public services. To effectively help older adults maintain mobility and independence,we need to better understand how thecognitive, visual functioning, and health declines influence their tendency to self-restrict their driving. The objective of this study is to develop a causal model to examine the effects of age, gender, household status (specifically living alone), physical, cognitive, visual abilities, and health status on older adults' driving mobility in terms of driving exposure and avoidance. Driving exposure was measured by actual driving data, whereas driving avoidance was assessed by both self-report data and actual driving exposure to challenging situations. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data collectedin the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study for establishing relationships between the selected factors and mobility. The structural equation model included a total of794 participants aged 65 and over (367 or 46.22%femalesand 427 or 53.78% males). Results indicate that poorer health is associated with less driving exposure; deteriorating cognitive and physical capabilities are associated with more self-reported driving avoidance and less actual driving in challenging situations; visual function is associated with self-reported avoidance; living alone is associated with higher driving exposure in general as well as in challenging situations; self-reported driving avoidance of challenging situations has a negative association with actual driving in those same situations. The final model could be applied to predict older adults' mobility changes according to their age, gender, household status, as well as their visual, physical, cognitive and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States.
| | - Nathan Lau
- Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States.
| | - Jonathan F Antin
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States.
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Vivoda JM, Cao J, Koumoutzis A, Harmon AC, Babulal GM. Planning for Driving Retirement: The Effect of Driving Perceptions, Driving Events, and Assessment of Driving Alternatives. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART F, TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR 2021; 76:193-201. [PMID: 33716551 PMCID: PMC7945980 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Most older adults will eventually stop driving, but few engage in planning for driving retirement. This study assessed whether driving stress, enjoyment, confidence, concerning driving events, and assessment of driving alternatives influence planning. Demographic factors were also included. Data were collected via a mailed transportation survey, with a final sample of 551 older adults who currently drive. Linear regression analyses revealed that more driving retirement planning was associated with greater driving stress, less driving confidence, and a more positive view of driving alternatives. Driving enjoyment and recent concerning driving events were not significantly related. Among the control variables, race and income were significantly related to planning, suggesting that lower income and identifying as Black race were associated with more planning. Gender only approached significance, suggesting that females may plan more than males. Overall, these findings suggest that more driving retirement planning is warranted. Some of the groups known to be at increased risk for driving reduction and cessation plan more for that eventuality than their counterparts. Implications of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon M. Vivoda
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, 100 Bishop Circle, 375 Upham Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Jiawei Cao
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, 100 Bishop Circle, 375 Upham Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Athena Koumoutzis
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, 100 Bishop Circle, 375 Upham Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Annie C. Harmon
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ganesh M. Babulal
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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