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Carullo N, Fabiano G, D'Agostino M, Zicarelli MT, Musolino M, Presta P, Michael A, Andreucci M, Bolignano D, Coppolino G. New Insights on the Role of Marinobufagenin from Bench to Bedside in Cardiovascular and Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11186. [PMID: 37446363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marinobufagenin (MBG) is a member of the bufadienolide family of compounds, which are natural cardiac glycosides found in a variety of animal species, including man, which have different physiological and biochemical functions but have a common action on the inhibition of the adenosine triphosphatase sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase). MBG acts as an endogenous cardiotonic steroid, and in the last decade, its role as a pathogenic factor in various human diseases has emerged. In this paper, we have collated major evidence regarding the biological characteristics and functions of MBG and its implications in human pathology. This review focused on MBG involvement in chronic kidney disease, including end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular diseases, sex and gender medicine, and its actions on the nervous and immune systems. The role of MBG in pathogenesis and the development of a wide range of pathological conditions indicate that this endogenous peptide could be used in the future as a diagnostic biomarker and/or therapeutic target, opening important avenues of scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno Carullo
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fabiano
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mario D'Agostino
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Michela Musolino
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierangela Presta
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ashour Michael
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Davide Bolignano
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coppolino
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Vora N, Kalagiri RR, Shetty K, Mustafa Y, Kundysek W, Raju M, Govande V, Beeram M, Uddin MN. Comparison of clinical outcomes and biochemical markers in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies: a prospective cohort study. Proc AMIA Symp 2023; 36:572-577. [PMID: 37614853 PMCID: PMC10443954 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2023.2223449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PreE), the de novo onset of hypertension and proteinuria at 20 weeks of gestation, is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study compared inflammatory biomarkers in PreE and normal pregnancies using paired samples of mothers and neonates. Methods Twenty normal pregnant and 27 PreE patients were monitored for biomarkers, neonatal outcomes, and placental morphologies. Fetal and maternal serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble endoglin (sENG), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Placental thickness was 25 mm in early PreE subjects compared to 32 mm in late PreE subjects (P < 0.05). Placental volume was 296 cm3 in early PreE compared to 393 cm3 in late PreE (P < 0.05). The average hospital stay for PreE babies was longer (20 ± 5 days) compared to babies from normal pregnancies (2 ± 1 days; P < 0.05). PreE babies had a lower Ponderal index (2.28 ± 0.3) than those from normal pregnancies (2.95 ± 0.2; P < 0.05). sENG and sFLT-1 had cord values like the maternal values, while VEGF and PlGF did not. Conclusion PreE alters the intrauterine environment by activating chemical mediators that result in maternal and fetal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Vora
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center – Temple, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Ram R. Kalagiri
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center – Temple, Temple, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Waverly Kundysek
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Muppala Raju
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center – Temple, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Vinayak Govande
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center – Temple, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Madhava Beeram
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center – Temple, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad Nasir Uddin
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center – Temple, Temple, Texas, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
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Burek M, Kaupp V, Blecharz-Lang K, Dilling C, Meybohm P. Protocadherin gamma C3: a new player in regulating vascular barrier function. Neural Regen Res 2023. [PMID: 35799511 PMCID: PMC9241426 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the endothelial cell barrier accompany diverse malfunctions of the central nervous system such as neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and systemic diseases such as sepsis, viral and bacterial infections, and cancer. Compromised endothelial sealing leads to leaking blood vessels, followed by vasogenic edema. Brain edema as the most common complication caused by stroke and traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death. Brain microvascular endothelial cells, together with astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, and neurons form a selective barrier, the so-called blood-brain barrier, which regulates the movement of molecules inside and outside of the brain. Mechanisms that regulate blood-brain barrier permeability in health and disease are complex and not fully understood. Several newly discovered molecules that are involved in the regulation of cellular processes in brain microvascular endothelial cells have been described in the literature in recent years. One of these molecules that are highly expressed in brain microvascular endothelial cells is protocadherin gamma C3. In this review, we discuss recent evidence that protocadherin gamma C3 is a newly identified key player involved in the regulation of vascular barrier function.
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Chemistry and the Potential Antiviral, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cardiotonic Steroids Derived from Toads. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196586. [PMID: 36235123 PMCID: PMC9571018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) were first documented by ancient Egyptians more than 3000 years ago. Cardiotonic steroids are a group of steroid hormones that circulate in the blood of amphibians and toads and can also be extracted from natural products such as plants, herbs, and marines. It is well known that cardiotonic steroids reveal effects against congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation; therefore, the term "cardiotonic" has been coined. Cardiotonic steroids are divided into two distinct groups: cardenolides (plant-derived) and bufadienolides (mainly of animal origin). Cardenolides have an unsaturated five-membered lactone ring attached to the steroid nucleus at position 17; bufadienolides have a doubly unsaturated six-membered lactone ring. Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in humans all over the world. In 2040, the global cancer load is expected to be 28.4 million cases, which would be a 47% increase from 2020. Moreover, viruses and inflammations also have a very nebative impact on human health and lead to mortality. In the current review, we focus on the chemistry, antiviral and anti-cancer activities of cardiotonic steroids from the naturally derived (toads) venom to combat these chronic devastating health problems. The databases of different research engines (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Sci-Finder) were screened using different combinations of the following terms: “cardiotonic steroids”, “anti-inflammatory”, “antiviral”, “anticancer”, “toad venom”, “bufadienolides”, and “poison chemical composition”. Various cardiotonic steroids were isolated from diverse toad species and exhibited superior anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities in in vivo and in vitro models such as marinobufagenin, gammabufotalin, resibufogenin, and bufalin. These steroids are especially difficult to identify. However, several compounds and their bioactivities were identified by using different molecular and biotechnological techniques. Biotechnology is a new tool to fully or partially generate upscaled quantities of natural products, which are otherwise only available at trace amounts in organisms.
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Du J, Wang P, Gou Q, Jin S, Xue H, Li D, Tian D, Sun J, Zhang X, Teng X, Wu Y. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorated preeclampsia via suppression of toll-like receptor 4-activated inflammation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113018. [PMID: 35483194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine whether toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) causes sympathetic overactivity leading to preeclampsia (PE) and if TLR4 inhibition with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) would reduce PE severity. Thirty patients with PE and 30 pregnant controls were involved. PE in rats was induced through deoxycorticosterone acetate and normal saline. NaHS (donor of H2S), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4 agonist), and TAK-242 (TLR4 inhibitor) were injected in lateral cerebral ventricle to investigate their effect on microglia-mediated inflammation in RVLM, sympathetic activation, and PE symptoms. In patients with PE, plasma levels of NE, TNF-α, and interleukin-1β were high compared with those of controls, whereas levels of H2S were low. Rats with PE showed an increased amount of renal sympathetic nerve activity and plasma levels of NE, with decreased H2S levels in RVLM. Microglia-mediated inflammation was observed in the RVLM of PE rats. Central infusion of LPS in pregnant rats induced microglia-mediated inflammation, sympathetic nervous tension, and PE-like symptoms, whereas TAK-242 reduced PE symptoms. NaHS treatment lessened microglia-mediated inflammation in the RVLM, sympathetic tension, and symptoms of PE both in PE rats and LPS-treating pregnant rats.These results suggest that inflammation in the RVLM caused by microglial activation might contribute to the progression of PE via an overactive sympathetic system. H2S could reduce PE via inhibiting inflammation in the RVLM. These results might provide a new target for the treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexian Du
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Gou
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Desi Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Medical, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Danyang Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianping Sun
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Hassan MJM, Bakar NS, Aziz MA, Basah NK, Singh HJ. Leptin-induced increase in blood pressure and markers of endothelial activation during pregnancy in Sprague Dawley rats is prevented by resibufogenin, a marinobufagenin antagonist. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:184-190. [PMID: 32253169 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Levels of leptin and marinobufagenin (MBG), a cardiotonic steroid, are elevated in the serum of women with pre-eclampsia. Besides this, leptin administration to pregnant rats increases systolic blood pressure (SBP), urinary protein excretion and serum markers of endothelial activation. The link between leptin and MBG is unknown and it is also unclear if leptin-induced increases in blood pressure and proteinuria in the pregnant rat could be prevented by an MBG antagonist. To ascertain this link, this study investigated the effect of resibufogenin (RBG), a marinobufagenin antagonist, on leptin-induced increases in blood pressure and proteinuria during pregnancy in rats. Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 12 weeks, were given either normal saline (CONTROL) or 120 μg/kg/day of leptin (LEP), or 120 μg/kg/day of leptin+30 μg/kg/day of resibufogenin (L + RBG) or 30 μg/kg/day of resibufogenin (RBG) from Day 1-20 of pregnancy. Systolic blood pressure and urinary protein excretion (UPE) were measured during the study period. Animals were euthanized on day 21 of pregnancy and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, (VCAM-1), soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), E-selectin and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were estimated in the serum. SBP, UPE, VCAM-1, sICAM-1 and ET-1 were significantly higher only in the LEP group when compared with those in CONT and in L + RBG and RBG groups. The prevention by RBG of leptin-induced increases in SBP, proteinuria, and endothelial activation during pregnancy seem to suggest a potential role for MBG in leptin-induced adverse effects on blood pressure, urinary protein excretion and endothelial activity during pregnancy in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nor Salmah Bakar
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mardiana Abdul Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norizan Kamal Basah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Harbindar Jeet Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia; I-PPerFORM, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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7
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Lenaerts C, Wells M, Hambÿe S, Blankert B. Marinobufagenin extraction from Rhinella marina toad glands: Alternative approaches for a systematized strategy. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1384-1392. [PMID: 30667156 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Marinobufagenin is a bufadienolide compound detected mainly in skin and parotoid gland secretions of Rhinella marina (L.) toad. Bufadienolides regulate the Na+ /K+ -ATPase pump by inhibiting the cardiotonic steroid dependent-site and act as cardiac inotropes with vasoconstrictive properties. Marinobufagenin and other bufadienolides, such as telocinobufagin and bufalin, are thought to be found endogenously in mammals in salt-sensitive hypertensive states such as essential hypertension, congestive heart-failure, and preeclampsia. The role of marinobufagenin as antimicrobial agent and its cytotoxic potential have also been recognized. The particular interest around marinobufagenin prompts us to consider the Rhinella marina toad venom as a possible source for molecules with pharmacological and/or diagnostic potential. In this article, two different approaches of extraction and purification of marinobufagenin from Rhinella marina (L.) venom are studied: (i) Preparative thin-layer chromatography combined to mass spectrometry and/or ultraviolet detection and (ii) solid-phase extraction coupled with fractionation on high-performance liquid chromatography. Different chromatographic conditions are tested for each approach. The solid-phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation approach was preferred as it offered a greater yield, was less time-consuming and allowed us to selectively isolate marinobufagenin. Both protocols aim to provide efficient and convenient methods for toad venom extraction, based on an easily automatable and systematized strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Lenaerts
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Wells
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Hambÿe
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Blankert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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Lenaerts C, Bond L, Tuytten R, Blankert B. Revealing of endogenous Marinobufagin by an ultra-specific and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS assay in pregnant women. Talanta 2018; 187:193-199. [PMID: 29853035 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Marinobufagenin (MBG) is a bufadienolide cardiac inotrope implicated in volume expansion-mediated hypertensive states including essential hypertension and preeclampsia (PE). Endogenous MBG is an inhibitor of the α1-isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase with vasoconstrictive and cardiotonic properties, causing hypertension and natriuresis. Elevated endogenous MBG-like material levels have been described by immunoassays in salt-sensitive pregnant and preeclamptic rats as well as in preeclamptic human patients. The rise of endogenous MBG-like material appears prior the development of the main symptoms of PE, leading us to consider MBG as one of the potential biomarkers for PE. The weak specificity and the high variability of the published immunoassays gives no certification about endogenous MBG existence. This led us to set-up a highly specific and sensitive analytical method to detect MBG in plasma at low levels relying on liquid chromatography combined to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) with recording of 7 highly specific MRM transitions for MBG. Pure MBG standard used in the method development was obtained by purification from the Bufo marinus toad venom. d3-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was used as internal standard. An increasing organic gradient with mobile phase A and B composed of 97:3 (v/v) H2O: MeOH and 50:45:5 (v/v/v) MeOH:IPA:H2O at pH 4.5 respectively was used on a Pursuit 3 PFP column (100 mm × 3 mm; 3 µm) to allow elution and separation of the plasmatic compounds. Chromatographic analyses of plasma samples were preceded by a precipitation of proteins pretreatment. The developed UHPLC-MS/MS assay has been applied to early-pregnant women plasma samples allowing us to investigate MBG plasma levels. Thanks to the high specificity of the assay we were able to authenticate and certify the presence of endogenous MBG in early-pregnant women plasma with the use of the 7 selected specific mass transitions. These pioneering preliminary results are giving a promising perspective for early preeclampsia risk assessment in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Lenaerts
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Liz Bond
- Metabolomic Diagnostics, Little Island, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robin Tuytten
- Metabolomic Diagnostics, Little Island, Cork, Ireland
| | - Bertrand Blankert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Lan YL, Wang X, Lou JC, Xing JS, Zou S, Yu ZL, Ma XC, Wang H, Zhang B. Marinobufagenin inhibits glioma growth through sodium pump α1 subunit and ERK signaling-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2034-2047. [PMID: 29582577 PMCID: PMC5943480 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is one of the most challenging central nervous system diseases to treat and has high rates of recurrence and mortality. Current therapies often fail to control tumor progression or improve patient survival. Marinobufagenin (MBG) is an endogenous mammalian cardiotonic steroid involved in sodium pump inhibition. Currently, various studies have indicated the potential of MBG in cancer treatments; however, the precise mechanisms are poorly understood. The functions of MBG were examined using colony formation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays in glioma cells. A mitochondrial membrane potential assay was performed to determine the mitochondrial transmembrane potential change, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria was assayed by fluorescence microscopy. An immunofluorescence assay was performed, and the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB in glioma cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Western blotting and RT‐qPCR were used to detect the protein and gene expression levels, respectively. In addition, transfection experiment of ATP1A1‐siRNA was further carried out to confirm the role of sodium pump α1 subunit in the anticancer effect of MBG in human glioma. The apoptosis‐promoting and anti‐inflammatory effects of MBG were further investigated, and the sodium pump α1 subunit and the ERK signaling pathway were found to be involved in the anticancer effect of MBG. The in vivo anticancer efficacy of MBG was also tested in xenografts in nude mice. Thus, therapies targeting the ERK signaling‐mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways regulated by MBG might represent potential treatments for human glioma, and this study could accelerate the finding of newer therapeutic approaches for malignant glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jin-Shan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hongjin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Luo X, Li X. Long Non-Coding RNAs Serve as Diagnostic Biomarkers of Preeclampsia and Modulate Migration and Invasiveness of Trophoblast Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:84-91. [PMID: 29302021 PMCID: PMC5766055 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of tumor progression. However, the effects of lncRNAs in preeclampsia are not entirely clear. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential of lncRNAs to serve as biomarkers in preeclampsia. Material/Methods The RNA expression levels of lncRNAs (NR_027457, BC030099, AF037219, NR_024178, AF085938, G43016, G36948, NR_029420, NR_024015, AK002210, NR_026643, and AL049277) in the serum of patients with preeclampsia and in the serum of normal controls were measured by qRT-PCR. The area under the curve (AUC), the optimal cut-off values, the specificity, and the sensitivity of NR_027457, AF085938, G36948, and AK002210 were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We designed RNA interference species to suppress NR_027457 and G36948 and identified the roles of NR_027457 and G36948 in the functions of a trophoblast cell line (HTR-8/SVneo). Results The qRT-PCR results indicated that NR_027457 and AF085938 were significantly up-regulated, whereas G36948 and AK002210 were significantly down-regulated in preeclampsia. We found that NR_027457, AF085938, G36948, and AK002210 had potential diagnostic value for the detection of preeclampsia. Furthermore, the levels of NR_027457, AF085938, G36948, and AK002210 in the serum of patients were significantly different before vs. after surgery. The silencing of NR_027457 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of HTR-8/SVneo cells, while the silencing of G36948 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Conclusions NR_027457, AF085938, G36948, and AK002210 can serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers in preeclampsia, and NR_027457 and G36948 might be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucui Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Kalagiri RR, Vora N, Wilson JL, Afroze SH, Raju VN, Govande V, Beeram MR, Kuehl TJ, Uddin MN. Diabetes and pre-eclampsia affecting pregnancy: a retrospective cross-sectional study. J Investig Med 2017; 66:728-732. [PMID: 29170244 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2017-000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between pre-eclampsia and diabetes mellitus (DM) is far from being completely understood. In this study, we compared normal pregnancies with those complicated with pre-eclampsia, gestational DM, and/or pre-existing diabetes to assess the effects of hyperglycemia on placental development. AnInstitutional Review Board (IRB) approved retrospective cross-sectional study with 621 subjects was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Duncan's post hoc test and analysis of variance. Regardless of diabetes status, patients with pre-eclampsia delivered prematurely. Patients in the group with pre-eclampsia and pregestational diabetes delivered much earlier, at 35.0±0.4 weeks, when compared with the patients that had pre-eclampsia with gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia with no diabetes (*P<0.05 for each). Additionally, patients with pre-existing diabetes who developed pre-eclampsia delivered smaller babies than those with pre-existing diabetes without pre-eclampsia (1.00±0.03, P<0.05 for each). Pre-existing diabetes with added insult of pre-eclampsia led to fetal growth restriction. This outcome validates the understanding that elevated glucose earlier in pregnancy alters placentogenesis and leads to fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram R Kalagiri
- Departments of Pediatrics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Niraj Vora
- Departments of Pediatrics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica L Wilson
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Syeda H Afroze
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Venkata N Raju
- Departments of Pediatrics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Vinayak Govande
- Departments of Pediatrics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Madhava R Beeram
- Departments of Pediatrics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas J Kuehl
- Departments of Pediatrics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad Nasir Uddin
- Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
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12
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Pantho AF, Price M, Ashraf AZ, Wajid U, Khansari ME, Jahan A, Afroze SH, Rhaman MM, Johnson CR, Kuehl TJ, Hossain MA, Uddin MN. Synthetic Receptors Induce Anti Angiogenic and Stress Signaling on Human First Trimester Cytotrophoblast Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E517. [PMID: 28492503 PMCID: PMC5451968 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14050517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cytotrophoblast (CTB) cells of the human placenta have membrane receptors that bind certain cardiotonic steroids (CTS) found in blood plasma. One of these, marinobufagenin, is a key factor in the etiology of preeclampsia. Herein, we used synthetic receptors (SR) to study their effectiveness on the angiogenic profile of human first trimester CTB cells. The humanextravillous CTB cells (Sw.71) used in this study were derived from first trimester chorionic villus tissue. Culture media of CTB cells treated with ≥1 nM SR level revealed sFlt-1 (Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1) was significantly increased while VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) was significantly decreased in the culture media (* p < 0.05 for each) The AT₂ receptor (Angiotensin II receptor type 2) expression was significantly upregulated in ≥1 nM SR-treated CTB cells as compared to basal; however, the AT₁ (Angiotensin II receptor, type 1) and VEGFR-1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1) receptor expression was significantly downregulated (* p < 0.05 for each). Our results show that the anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effects of SR on CTB cells are similar to the effects of CTS. The observed anti angiogenic activity of SR on CTB cells demonstrates that the functionalized-urea/thiourea molecules may be useful as potent inhibitors to prevent CTS-induced impairment of CTB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Pantho
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Mason Price
- Department of Biology, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX 76904, USA.
| | - Ahm Zuberi Ashraf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
| | - Umaima Wajid
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
| | - Maryam Emami Khansari
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Afsana Jahan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Syeda H Afroze
- Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
| | - Md Mhahabubur Rhaman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Corey R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Thomas J Kuehl
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
| | - Md Alamgir Hossain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Mohammad Nasir Uddin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
- Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
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Afroze SH, Kalagiri RR, Reyes M, Zimmerman JD, Beeram MR, Drever N, Zawieja DC, Kuehl TJ, Uddin MN. Apoptotic and stress signaling markers are augmented in preeclamptic placenta and umbilical cord. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 6:25-30. [PMID: 27335802 PMCID: PMC4906135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Preeclampsia (preE) has a significant link to alterations of placental function leading to stress and apoptotic signaling, which pass the placental barrier and leave persistent defect in the circulation of the offspring. We assessed apoptotic signaling in placentas and umbilical cords from patients with and without preE. Methods We collected placental and cord tissues from 27 normal pregnant (NP) women and 20 preE consenting patients after delivery in an IRB approved prospective study. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation, pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, caspase-9, and pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) were evaluated by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Comparisons were performed using Student's t-test. Results p38 phosphorylation (Placenta: 1.5 fold, Cord: 1.7 fold), ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 (Placenta: 1.7 fold, Cord: 2.2 fold), caspase-9 (Placenta: 1.5 fold, Cord: 1.8 fold) and Cox-2 (Placenta: 2.5 fold, Cord: 2.3 fold) were up-regulated (p < 0.05) in preE compared to NP patients. Average hospital stays for preE babies were longer than NP babies. No complications were reported for NP babies; however, all of preE babies had multiple complications. Conclusions Apoptotic and stress signaling are augmented in preE placenta and cord tissue that alter the intrauterine environment and activates the detrimental signaling that is transported to fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda H Afroze
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Ram R Kalagiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Reyes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Zimmerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Madhava R Beeram
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Nathan Drever
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J Kuehl
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad N Uddin
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
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Kalagiri RR, Choudhury S, Carder T, Govande V, Beeram MR, Uddin MN. Neonatal Thrombocytopenia as a Consequence of Maternal Preeclampsia. AJP Rep 2016; 6:e42-7. [PMID: 26929869 PMCID: PMC4737627 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1565923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preeclampsia (preE) is pregnancy-induced hypertension affecting a significant proportion of pregnant women worldwide and can cause detrimental effects in the mother and newborn. Some of the effects in the newborn include neonatal thrombocytopenia. Pertaining specifically to neonatal thrombocytopenia, several questions remain unanswered. Discussion According to the current literature, neonatal thrombocytopenia due to maternal preE is highly prevalent in the general population and the incidence is reported to be around 30% worldwide. This review gives an insight into the syndrome and summarizes the possible pathological mechanisms, the diagnostic approach, complications, and therapeutic interventions of neonatal thrombocytopenia. It also identifies the involvement of other cell lines, apart from platelets in the newborns. Furthermore, we suggest a future prospective study to investigate the pathogenesis of preE and plan a study involving animal models to come up with a possible therapeutic intervention to prevent preE and its various consequences in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram R Kalagiri
- Department of Neonatology, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Saiara Choudhury
- Baylor Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Timothy Carder
- Baylor Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Vinayak Govande
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas
| | - Madhava R Beeram
- Department of Neonatology, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas
| | - M Nasir Uddin
- Baylor Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas
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15
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Ehrig JC, Afroze SH, Reyes M, Allen SR, Drever NS, Pilkinton KA, Kuehl TJ, Uddin MN. A p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor attenuates cardiotonic steroids-induced apoptotic and stress signaling in a Sw-71 cytotrophoblast cell line. Placenta 2015; 36:1276-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jardim LL, Rios DRA, Perucci LO, de Sousa LP, Gomes KB, Dusse LMS. Is the imbalance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors associated with preeclampsia? Clin Chim Acta 2015; 447:34-8. [PMID: 25982781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disease characterized by the development of hypertension and proteinuria. Although PE etiology is not fully known, the placenta seems to play a central role in the development of disease. The inadequate placentation process results in a change in angiogenic factors levels, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble form of endoglin (s-Eng) and soluble form of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 1 (sFlt-1). OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to clarify if the imbalance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors is associated with PE. CONCLUSION It is known that inadequate placentation process is the primary mechanism suggested for PE occurrence and angiogenic factors are involved in this process. The state-of-the-art suggests that progress in grasp the imbalance of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors is essential for the improvement of knowledge about PE. The development of prospective, longitudinal studies with serial determinations of these factors throughout pregnancy is needed to better assess the relevance of these markers for understanding the etiology, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Lemos Jardim
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luíza Oliveira Perucci
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia Pires de Sousa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luci Maria S Dusse
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Nguyen T, Lin S, Pantho AF, Kohl-Thomas BM, Beeram MR, Zawieja DC, Kuehl TJ, Uddin MN. Hyperglycemia down-regulates cGMP-dependent protein kinase I expression in first trimester cytotrophoblast cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 405:81-8. [PMID: 25863494 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with microvascular complications and a higher incidence of preeclampsia. The regulatory signaling pathways involving nitric oxide, cGMP, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) have been shown to be down-regulated under diabetic conditions and contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular complications in diabetes. The present study was undertaken to investigate how high glucose concentrations regulate PKG expression in cytotrophoblast cells (CTBs). Human CTBs (Sw. 71) were treated with 45, 135, 225, 495, or 945 mg/dL glucose for 48 h. Some cells were pretreated with a p38 inhibitor (10 μM SB203580) or 10 μM rosiglitazone. After treatment, the cell lysates were subjected to measure the expression of protein kinase G1α (PKG1α), protein kinase G1β (PKG1β), soluble guanylate cyclase 1α (sGC1α), and soluble guanylate cyclase 1 β (sGC1β) by Western blot. Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance with Duncan's post hoc test. The expressions of PKG1α, PKG1β, sGC1α, and sGC1β were significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05) in CTBs treated with >135 mg/dL glucose compared to basal (45 mg/dL). The hyperglycemia-induced down-regulation of cGMP and cGMP-dependent PKG were attenuated by the SB203580 or rosiglitazone pretreatment. Exposure of CTBs to excess glucose down-regulates cGMP and cGMP-dependent PKG, contributing to the development of vascular complications in diabetic mothers during pregnancy. The attenuation of hyperglycemia-induced down-regulation of PKG proteins by SB203580 or rosiglitazone pretreatment further suggests the involvement of stress signaling mechanisms in this process.
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18
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Lin S, Leonard D, Co MAM, Mukhopadhyay D, Giri B, Perger L, Beeram MR, Kuehl TJ, Uddin MN. Pre-eclampsia has an adverse impact on maternal and fetal health. Transl Res 2015; 165:449-63. [PMID: 25468481 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (preE) is a multifaceted complication found uniquely in the pregnant patient and one that has puzzled scientists for years. PreE is not a single disorder, but a complex syndrome that is produced by various pathophysiological triggers and mechanisms affecting about 5% of obstetrical patients. PreE is a major cause of premature delivery and maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. PreE is characterized by de novo development of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation and affects nearly every organ system, with the most severe consequences being eclampsia, pulmonary edema, intrauterine growth restriction, and thrombocytopenia. PreE alters the intrauterine environment by modulating the pattern of hormonal signals and activating the detrimental cellular signaling that has been transported to the fetus. The fetus has to adapt to this intrauterine environment with detrimental signals. The adaptive changes increase the risk of disease later in life. This review defines the predisposition and causes of preE and the cellular signaling detrimental to maternal health during preE. Moreover, the risk factors for diseases that are transmitted to the offspring have been addressed in this review. The detrimental signaling molecules that have been overexpressed in preE patients raises the possibility that those signals could be therapeutically blocked one day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saunders Lin
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Tex
| | | | - Mary A M Co
- Department of Pediatrics, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex
| | - Dhriti Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Surgery, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex
| | - Badri Giri
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex
| | - Lena Perger
- Department of Surgery, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex
| | - Madhava R Beeram
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Tex; Department of Pediatrics, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex
| | - Thomas J Kuehl
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Tex; Department of Pediatrics, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex
| | - Mohammad N Uddin
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Tex; Prehealth Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Tex; Department of Pediatrics, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex.
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Buckalew VM. Endogenous digitalis-like factors: an overview of the history. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:49. [PMID: 25918512 PMCID: PMC4394700 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium pump is a ubiquitous cell surface enzyme, a Na, K ATPase, which maintains ion gradients between cells and the extracellular fluid (ECF). The extracellular domain of this enzyme contains a highly conserved binding site, a receptor for a plant derived family of compounds, the digitalis glycosides. These compounds inhibit the enzyme and are used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and certain cardiac arrhythmias. The highly conserved nature of this enzyme and its digitalis receptor led to early suggestions that endogenous regulators might exist. Recent examination of this hypothesis emerged from research in two separate areas: the regulation of ECF volume by a natriuretic hormone (NH), and the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance by a circulating inhibitor of vascular Na, K ATPase. These two areas merged with the hypothesis that NH and the vascular Na, K ATPase inhibitor were in fact the same entity, and that it played a causative role in the pathophysiology of certain types of hypertension. The possibility that multiple endogenous digitalis-like factors (EDLFs) exist emerged from efforts to characterize the circulating enzyme inhibitory activity. In this review, the development of this field from its beginnings is traced, the current status of the structure of EDLFs is briefly discussed, and areas for future development are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardaman M. Buckalew
- Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- *Correspondence: Vardaman M. Buckalew, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA e-mail:
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Cawyer CR, Horvat D, Leonard D, Allen SR, Jones RO, Zawieja DC, Kuehl TJ, Uddin MN. Hyperglycemia impairs cytotrophoblast function via stress signaling. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 211:541.e1-8. [PMID: 24793974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for preeclampsia. Cytotrophoblast (CTB) invasion is facilitated from the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and may be inhibited in preeclampsia. This study assessed signaling mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced CTB dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN Human CTBs were treated with 45, 135, 225, 495, or 945 mg/dL glucose for 48 hours. Some cells were pretreated with a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) ligand (rosiglitazone). Expression of uPA, PAI-1, and PPAR-γ levels and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation were measured by Western blot in cell lysates. Messenger ribonucleic acid of uPA and PAI-1 was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Levels of interleukin-6, angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], placenta growth factor [PlGF]) and antiangiogenic factors (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 [sFlt-1], soluble endoglin [sEng]) were measured in the media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance with a Duncan's post-hoc test. RESULTS Both uPA and PAI-1 protein and messenger ribonucleic acid were down-regulated (P < .05) in CTBs treated with 135 mg/dL glucose or greater compared with basal (45 mg/dL). The sEng, sFlt-1, and interleukin-6 were up-regulated, whereas the VEGF and PlGF were down-regulated by 135 mg/dL glucose or greater. p38 phosphorylation and PPAR-γ were up-regulated (P < .05) in hyperglycemia-treated CTBs. The SB203580 or rosiglitazone pretreatment showed an attenuation of glucose-induced down-regulation of uPA and PAI-1. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia disrupts the invasive profile of CTB by decreasing uPA and PAI-1 expression; down-regulating VEGF and PlGF; and up-regulating sEng, sFlt-1, and interleukin-6. Attenuation of CTB dysfunction by SB203580 or rosiglitazone pretreatment suggests the involvement of stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase R Cawyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Scott and White Healthcare/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Darijana Horvat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Scott and White Healthcare/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | | | - Steven R Allen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Scott and White Healthcare/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Richard O Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Scott and White Healthcare/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Scott and White Healthcare/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Thomas J Kuehl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Scott and White Healthcare/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Mohammad N Uddin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Scott and White Healthcare/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX.
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Cardiotonic steroids induce anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative profiles in first trimester extravillous cytotrophoblast cells. Placenta 2014; 35:932-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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A synthetic thiourea-based tripodal receptor that impairs the function of human first trimester cytotrophoblast cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:7456-69. [PMID: 25050653 PMCID: PMC4113887 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110707456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic tripodal-based thiourea receptor (PNTTU) was used to explore the receptor/ligand binding affinity using CTB cells. The human extravillous CTB cells (Sw.71) used in this study were derived from first trimester chorionic villus tissue. The cell proliferation, migration and angiogenic factors were evaluated in PNTTU-treated CTB cells. The PNTTU inhibited the CTBs proliferation and migration. The soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) secretion was increased while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was decreased in the culture media of CTB cells treated with ≥1 nM PNTTU. The angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2) expression was significantly upregulated in ≥1 nM PNTTU-treated CTB cells in compared to basal; however, the angiotensin II receptor, type 1 (AT1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) expression was downregulated. The anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effect of this compound on CTB cells are similar to the effect of CTSs. The receptor/ligand affinity of PNTTU on CTBs provides us the clue to design a potent inhibitor to prevent the CTS-induced impairment of CTB cells.
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Lenaerts C, Demeyer M, Gerbaux P, Blankert B. Analytical aspects of marinobufagenin. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 421:193-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Whitten AE, Romero R, Korzeniewski SJ, Tarca AL, Schwartz AG, Yeo L, Dong Z, Hassan SS, Chaiworapongsa T. Evidence of an imbalance of angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors in massive perivillous fibrin deposition (maternal floor infarction): a placental lesion associated with recurrent miscarriage and fetal death. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208:310.e1-310.e11. [PMID: 23333548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Massive perivillous fibrin deposition (MPFD) is associated with serious complications of pregnancy including recurrent spontaneous abortion, fetal growth restriction, and fetal demise. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal plasma concentrations of angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors in MPFD differ from those of uncomplicated pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective longitudinal case-control study included MPFD cases (n = 10) and control patients (n = 175) with uncomplicated pregnancies who were enrolled in a longitudinal study and delivered at term. Serial plasma concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble endoglin (sEng), and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (sVEGFR)-1 and -2 were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cases, n = 28 samples; controls, n = 723 samples). Individual analyte concentrations were averaged across gestational age at specimen collection intervals. Linear mixed models were used to test for differences in log-transformed mean analyte concentrations both overall and as a function of time. RESULTS The following results were found: (1) patients with MPFD had a lower mean plasma PlGF concentration (P = .03) and higher mean plasma concentrations of sVEGFR-1 and sEng (both P < .01) than controls, adjusted for potential confounders; (2) the mean plasma concentration of PlGF differed further among cases and controls as a function of gestational age interval (P < .0001); however, mean sVEGFR-1 and sEng group differences as a function of gestational age interval approached but did not reach significance (P = .09 and P = .11, respectively); (3) patients with MPFD had lower mean plasma concentrations of PlGF/sVEGFR-1 (P < .0001) and PlGF/sEng (P < .001): both of these relationships differed further as a function of gestational age interval (both P < .0001); and (4) differences in mean sVEGFR-1, sEng, and the ratios of PlGF to sVEGFR-1 and PlGF to sEng were observed before 20 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION An imbalance of angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors is present in patients with MPFD prior to the diagnosis. We propose that these changes participate in the mechanisms responsible for adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with MPFD.
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Pathogenesis and promising non-invasive markers for preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2013; 56:2-7. [PMID: 24327973 PMCID: PMC3784103 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2013.56.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality/morbidity and preterm delivery in the world, affecting 3% to 5% of pregnant women. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia likely involves both maternal and fetal/placental factors. Abnormalities in the development of placental vessels early in pregnancy may result in placental hypoperfusion, hypoxia, or ischemia. Hypoperfusion, hypoxia, and ischemia are critical components in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia because the hypoperfused placenta transfers many factors into maternal vessels that alter maternal endothelial cell function and lead to the systemic symptoms of preeclampsia. There are several hypotheses to explain the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, including altered angiogenic balance, circulating angiogenic factors (such as marinobufagenin, a bufadienolide trigger), and activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Epigenetically-modified cell-free nucleic acids that circulate in plasma and serum might be novel markers with promising non-invasive clinical applications in the diagnosis of preeclampsia.
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