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Zhong Y, Xu P, Zhong S, Ding J. A sequential decoding procedure for pooled quantitative measure. Seq Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07474946.2022.2043049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunning Zhong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Siming Zhong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Juan Ding
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Improvement of Sensitivity of Pooling Strategies for COVID-19. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6636396. [PMID: 34691239 PMCID: PMC8528573 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6636396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Group testing (or pool testing), for example, Dorfman's method or grid method, has been validated for COVID-19 RT-PCR tests and implemented widely by most laboratories in many countries. These methods take advantages since they reduce resources, time, and overall costs required for a large number of samples. However, these methods could have more false negative cases and lower sensitivity. In order to maintain both accuracy and efficiency for different prevalence, we provide a novel pooling strategy based on the grid method with an extra pool set and an optimized rule inspired by the idea of error-correcting codes. The mathematical analysis shows that (i) the proposed method has the best sensitivity among all the methods we compared, if the false negative rate (FNR) of an individual test is in the range [1%, 20%] and the FNR of a pool test is closed to that of an individual test, and (ii) the proposed method is efficient when the prevalence is below 10%. Numerical simulations are also performed to confirm the theoretical derivations. In summary, the proposed method is shown to be felicitous under the above conditions in the epidemic.
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Parvaneh S, Khademi F, Abdi G, Alizadeh A, Mostafaie A. Efficient conjugation of anti-HBsAg antibody to modified core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3O 4@SiO 2/NH 2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 11:237-244. [PMID: 34631485 PMCID: PMC8494260 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
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Introduction: Further development of magnetic-based detection techniques could be of significant use in increasing the sensitivity of detection and quantification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The present work addresses the fabrication and characterization of a new bio-nano composite based on the immobilization of goat anti-HBsAg antibody on modified core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) by (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), named Fe3O4@SiO2/NH2, and magnetic NPs modified by chitosan (Fe3O4@CS).
Methods: At the first step, Fe3O4 was modified with the silica and APTES (Fe3O4@SiO2/NH2) and chitosan (Fe3O4@CS) separately. The goat anti-HBsAg antibody was activated by two different protocols: Sodium periodate and EDC-NHS. Then the resulted composites were conjugated with activated goat anti-HBsAg IgG. An external magnet collected Bio-super magnetic NPs (BSMNPs) and the remained solution was analyzed by the Bradford method to check the amount of attached antibody to the surface of BSMNPs.
Results: The findings indicated that activation of antibodies by sodium periodate method 15-17 µg antibody immobilized on 1 mg of super magnetic nanoparticles (SMNPs). However, in the EDC-NHS method, 8-10 µg of antibody was conjugated with 1 mg of SMNPs. The resulting bio-magnetic NPs were applied for interaction with the HBsAg target using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). About 1 µg antigen attached to 1 mg SMNPs, which demonstrated that the fabricated materials are applicable in the detection scope of HBsAg.
Conclusion: In the present study, we developed new antibody-conjugated magnetic NPs for the detection of HBsAg using an efficient conjugation strategy. The results demonstrated that the binding capacity of Fe3O4@SiO2/NH2 was comparable with commercially available products. Our designed method for conjugating anti-HBsAg antibody to a magnetic nanoparticle opens the way to produce a high capacity of magnetic NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Parvaneh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fatemeh Khademi
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gisya Abdi
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Abdolhamid Alizadeh
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, 1993893973, Iran
| | - Ali Mostafaie
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Proposal of RT-PCR-Based Mass Population Screening for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:1294-1299. [PMID: 32738298 PMCID: PMC7391280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing has lagged in many countries because of test kit shortages and analytical process bottlenecks. This study investigated the feasibility and accuracy of a sample pooling approach for wide-scale population screening for coronavirus disease 2019. A total of 940 nasopharyngeal swab samples (934 negative and 6 positive) previously tested for SARS-CoV-2 were deidentified and assigned random numbers for analysis, and 94 pools of 10 samples each were generated. Automated RNA extraction, followed by RT-PCR, was performed in a 96-well plate. Positive pools were identified, and the individual samples were reanalyzed. Of the 94 pools/wells, four were positive [Ct values: N (22.7 to 28.3), ORF1ab (23.3 to 27.2), and internal control (34.4 to 35.4)]. The 40 samples comprising the four pools were identified and reanalyzed individually; six samples were positive, with Ct values of N gene, ORF1ab, and internal control comparable to their respective wells. Additional experiments were performed on samples with high Ct values, and overall results showed 91.6% positive and 100% negative agreement compared with individual testing approach. Thus, 940 samples were tested in 148 reactions compared with 940 reactions in routine screening. The sample pooling strategy may help catch up with testing needs and minimal turnaround times and facilitate enormous savings on laboratory supplies, extraction, and PCR kits currently in short supply.
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Hu Y, Huang Y, Wang Y, Li C, Wong W, Ye X, Sun D. A photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles/ZnAgInS quaternary quantum dots for the high-performance determination of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1035:136-145. [PMID: 30224131 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ZnAgInS quaternary quantum dots were prepared using glutathione as the capped reagent. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were integrated with ZnAgInS QDs to provide a GNPs/ZnAgInS QDs nanocomposite. The morphological image, component and crystal structure of GNPs/ZnAgInS QDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A glassy carbon electrode surface was coated with GNPs/ZnAgInS QDs nanocomposites to construct an interface for immobilizing the antibody of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBsAg). By employing GNPs/ZnAgInS QDs as a photoactive element, a photoelectrochemical immunosensor for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) was developed. The results indicate that gold nanoparticles can dramatically enhance the photocurrent response of ZnAgInS QDs and thus improving the sensing performances of the immunosensor. The experimental conditions including incubation time, incubation temperature, and ascorbic acid concentration were optimized. The relative photocurrent decline [Ri = ΔI/I0= (I0 - I)/I0] shows a linear relationship to the logarithm of HBsAg concentration [lg(c, ng mL-1)] in the range from 0.005 to 30 ng mL-1. A detection limit of 0.5 pg mL-1 was obtained. The immunosensor shows excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability and reproducibility. The HBsAg concentrations in clinical serum samples were also accurately determined with this new photoelectrochemical immunosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yajiao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education (South-Central University for Nationalities), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education (South-Central University for Nationalities), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - WingLeung Wong
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ye
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education (South-Central University for Nationalities), Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Dong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Ethnic variation in medical and lifestyle risk factors for B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A case-control study among Israelis and Palestinians. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171709. [PMID: 28196110 PMCID: PMC5308607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk factors for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) have not been assessed among Palestinian Arabs (PA) and Israeli Jews (IJ). Methods In a case-control study we investigated self-reported medical and lifestyle exposures, reporting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals [CIs], by ethnicity, for overall B-NHL and subtypes. Results We recruited 823 cases and 808 healthy controls. Among 307 PA/516 IJ B-NHL cases (mean age at diagnosis = 51 [±17] versus 60 [±15] years, respectively) subtype distributions differed, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) being prominent among PA (71%) compared to IJ (41%); follicular lymphoma (FL), was observed in 14% versus 28%, and marginal zone lymphoma, in 2% versus 14%, respectively. Overall B-NHL in both populations was associated with recreational sun exposure OR = 1.43 [CI:1.07–1.91], black hair-dye use OR = 1.70 [CI:1.00–2.87], hospitalization for infection OR = 1.68 [CI:1.34–2.11], and first-degree relative with hematopoietic cancer, OR = 1.69 [CI:1.16–2.48]. An inverse association was noted with alcohol use, OR = 0.46 [CI:0.34–0.62]. Subtype-specific exposures included smoking (FL, OR = 1.46 [CI:1.01–2.11]) and >monthly indoor pesticide use (DLBCL, OR = 2.01 [CI:1.35–3.00]). Associations observed for overall B-NHL in PA only included: gardening OR = 1.93 [CI:1.39–2.70]; history of herpes, mononucleosis, rubella, blood transfusion (OR>2.5, P<0.01 for all); while for IJ risk factors included growing fruits and vegetables, OR = 1.87 [CI:1.11–3.15]; and self-reported autoimmune diseases, OR = 1.99 [CI:1.34–2.95]. Conclusions In these geographically proximate populations we found some unique risk factors for B-NHL. Heterogeneity in the observed associations by ethnicity could reflect differences in lifestyle, medical systems, and reporting patterns, while variations by histology infer specific etiologic factors for lymphoma subtypes.
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Kleinstern G, Seir RA, Perlman R, Abdeen Z, Khatib A, Elyan H, Dann EJ, Kedmi M, Ellis M, Nagler A, Amir G, Ben Yehuda D, Safadi R, Paltiel O. Associations between B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and exposure, persistence and immune response to hepatitis B. Haematologica 2016; 101:e303-5. [PMID: 27102500 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.144840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Geffen Kleinstern
- School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rania Abu Seir
- Dept of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel Faculty of Health Professions, Dept of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Quds University, Abu Deis, West Bank, PA
| | - Riki Perlman
- Dept of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ziad Abdeen
- School Faculty of Medicine, Dept of Community Medicine, Al Quds University, Abu Deis, West Bank, PA
| | - Areej Khatib
- Cancer Care Center, Augusta Victoria Hospital, East Jerusalem
| | | | - Eldad J Dann
- Rambam Medical Center and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Meirav Kedmi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | - Arnon Nagler
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gail Amir
- Dept of Pathology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dina Ben Yehuda
- Dept of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rifaat Safadi
- Liver and Gastroenterology Units, Division of Medicine, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ora Paltiel
- School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel Dept of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Sensitivity of pooled serum testing for screening antibody of schistosomiasis japonica by IHA in a mountainous area of Yunnan, China. Parasitology 2009; 136:267-72. [PMID: 19154655 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182008005489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pooled sample testing (PST) as a strategy for avoiding testing the majority of individual negative samples has been proposed for screening of diseases in low prevalence areas. There has been no standard guideline for PST in screening of Schistosoma japonicum infection of Yunnan, China. To document the optimum pool size with acceptable sensitivity of PST for screening of Schistosoma japonicum infection in this setting, an experimental pooling of each of 31 positive sera by IHA with various numbers of 24 negative sera was done. The results were used to create a statistical model which was subsequently used for simulation to predict sensitivity of the pooled serum tests in the population with varying prevalence and pool size. We found that to keep the sensitivity of PST above 90%, 1:05 should be the maximum dilution, that is, the optimum pool size should not be greater than 6. Antigen will have rather little interference if the prevalence of infection is low e.g. 1% or the antigen:antibody ratio is 1:100 or below. Pooled serum testing by IHA is an acceptable sensitive method for detecting antibody for Schistosoma japonicum infection in this area.
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