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Watson C, Cullen M, Stack JD. Arthroscopic debridement and lavage of a fetlock joint in a British blue calf. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Watson
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Neston Cheshire UK
| | - Matthew Cullen
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Neston Cheshire UK
| | - J. David Stack
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Neston Cheshire UK
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Müller AC, Büttner K, Röcken M. Using systemic serum amyloid A as a biomarker for synovial structure infections in horses with acute limb wounds. Vet Rec 2022; 191:e1841. [PMID: 35808823 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In postoperative monitoring of synovial structure infection due to limb wounds, early recognition of a recurrence of synovial infection is indispensable to prevent further damage to the affected synovial structure. This study evaluated the role of serum amyloid A (SAA) as a systemic biomarker in disease monitoring and correlated this tool with clinical variables. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 55 horses with acute limb wounds were divided into two groups: those with (group 1, n = 26) or without (group 2, n = 29) a diagnosis of synovial structure penetration. SAA, lameness and body temperature were evaluated repeatedly and compared between groups. Correlations were explored between SAA and body temperature as well as lameness. The long-term outcome was also analysed. RESULTS In both groups, SAA levels followed the characteristic rise-and-fall pattern observed in previous studies, with a significant increase up to a peak concentration within 48 hours, followed by a constant decline. Lameness and body temperature did not change significantly. SAA was not found to correlate with clinical variables at all time points. Three horses in group 1 had a recurrence of synovial sepsis with an associated increase in SAA. The long-term outcome was good. A total of 71% of the study population returned to pre-injury performance levels. CONCLUSION Repeated measurements of SAA accurately reflected the course of synovial inflammation and thus provided a reliable and rapidly available tool to monitor the disease course and to adapt the treatment regimen. SAA should be routinely added to the postoperative management of such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathrin Büttner
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Röcken
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopaedics), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Ji X, Xu F, Dong G, Jia C, Jia P, Chen H, Tang H. Loading necrostatin-1 composite bone cement inhibits necroptosis of bone tissue in rabbit. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:113-119. [PMID: 30967966 PMCID: PMC6447002 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone necrosis after injecting of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement will lead to re-fracture of bone tissue. As a new type of necrosis, there is little research related to the necroptosis of surrounding bone tissue near the bone cement. The purpose of our study was to (i) investigate the presence of necroptosis in vivo and, (ii) established as a new type of bone cement containing PMMA, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) to inhibit necroptosis of bone tissue. A total of 12 Japanese rabbits were used to establish the animal model and randomly divided into 4 groups signed as a control group, PMMA group, PMMA-CPC group and PMMA-CPC-Nec-1 group, respectively. We used scanning electron microscope to observe the structure of the samples, used HE staining to detect the necrosis, and used western blotting as well as ELISA test to examine the iconic molecule receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIP 3) protein and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). After analyzing the results of our study, we found that the structure in both PMMA bone cement group and composite bone cement group was damaged and there was an evidence of necrosis, but it was absent in control group. Through molecule detection, the RIP 3 protein expression was decreased in PMMA-CPC-Nec-1 (P < 0.05). TNF-α expression was increased in bone cement groups with and without CPC (P < 0.05), but was inhibited in PMMA-CPC-Nec-1 group. We have concluded that the necroptosis could be confirmed in bone tissue necrosis induced by TNF-α after bone cement injection and also could be inhibited by composite bone cement with Nec-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Guoling Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Chongzhe Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
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Ludwig EK, van Harreveld PD. Equine Wounds over Synovial Structures. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2018; 34:575-590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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A review of local antibiotic implants and applications to veterinary orthopaedic surgery. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 26:251-9. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-12-05-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn the face of increasing incidence of multidrug resistant implant infections, local antibiotic modalities are receiving increased attention for both infection prophylaxis and treatment. Local antibiotic therapy that achieves very high antibiotic drug concentrations at the site of the implant may represent an avenue for treatment of biofilmforming bacterial pathogens. Randomized controlled trials in human patients have demonstrated an infection risk reduction when antibiotic-impregnated cement is used for infection prophylaxis in implanted joint prostheses, and when a gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge is used for infection prophylaxis in midline sternotomy. The other modalities discussed have for the most part yet to be evaluated in randomized controlled trials in veterinary or human patients. In general, the in vivo pharmacokinetics and appropriate dosing profiles for local antibiotic modalities have yet to be elucidated. Toxicity is possible, and attention to the dose applied is warranted.
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Motta RG, Martins LS, Motta IG, Guerra ST, Paula CLD, Bolanos CAD, Silva RCD, Ribeiro MG. Multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from septic arthritis in horses. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Septic arthritis is a debilitating joint infectious disease of equines that requires early diagnosis and immediate therapeutic intervention to prevent degenerative effects on the articular cartilage, as well as loss of athletic ability and work performance of the animals. Few studies have investigated the etiological complexity of this disease, as well as multidrug resistance of isolates. In this study, 60 horses with arthritis had synovial fluid samples aseptically collected, and tested by microbiological culture and in vitro susceptibility test (disk diffusion) using nine antimicrobials belonging to six different pharmacological groups. Bacteria were isolated in 45 (75.0%) samples, as follows: Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (11=18.3%), Escherichia coli (9=15.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (6=10.0%), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (5=8.3%), Staphylococcus intermedius (2=3.3%), Proteus vulgaris (2=3.3%), Trueperella pyogenes (2=3.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2=3.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1=1.7%), Rhodococcus equi (1=1.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (1=1.7%), Klebsiella oxytoca (1=1.7%), Nocardia asteroides (1=1.7%), and Enterobacter cloacae (1=1.7%). Ceftiofur was the most effective drug (>70% efficacy) against the pathogens in the disk diffusion test. In contrast, high resistance rate (>70% resistance) was observed to penicillin (42.2%), enrofloxacin (33.3%), and amikacin (31.2%). Eleven (24.4%) isolates were resistant to three or more different pharmacological groups and were considered multidrug resistant strains. The present study emphasizes the etiological complexity of equine septic arthritis, and highlights the need to institute treatment based on the in vitro susceptibility pattern, due to the multidrug resistance of isolates. According to the available literature, this is the first report in Brazil on the investigation of the etiology. of the septic arthritis in a great number of horses associated with multidrug resistance of the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G. Motta
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil; Universidade de Rio Verde, Brazil
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Oreff GL, Dahan R, Tatz AJ, Raz T, Britzi M, Kelmer G. The Effect of Perfusate Volume on Amikacin Concentration in the Metacarpophalangeal Joint Following Cephalic Regional Limb Perfusion in Standing Horses. Vet Surg 2016; 45:625-30. [PMID: 27273831 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of 3 perfusate volumes on amikacin concentration in the metacarpophalangeal joint following cephalic regional limb perfusion (RLP) in standing horses. ANIMALS Seven healthy horses. METHODS Three perfusate volumes (100, 60, and 30 mL), containing 2 grams of amikacin, were tested during intravenous RLP at the cephalic vein, placing the tourniquet at mid antebrachium, in standing sedated horses. Synovial fluid was collected from the metacarpophalangeal joint before perfusion and at 30 and 120 minutes after perfusion. Serum samples were taken from the jugular vein at the same time points. Samples were analyzed for amikacin concentrations and a repeated measures ANOVA, followed by least squares difference pairwise comparisons to identify differences in amikacin concentration across perfusate volumes. Differences were considered significant at P<.05. RESULTS The mean amikacin concentration in synovial fluid at 30 minutes after perfusion was significantly higher following perfusate volume of 100 mL (579 μg/mL), compared to volumes of 60 mL (227 μg/mL) or 30 mL (282 μg/mL) (P<.05). When a threshold of 160 μg/mL was used, more horses reached the synovial therapeutic threshold following perfusate volume of 100 mL (100%), than horses receiving 60 mL (43%) and 30 mL (57%) at 30 minutes after injection. CONCLUSION The use of 100 mL volume for RLP at the cephalic vein in standing horses resulted in higher concentration of amikacin in the synovial fluid and is recommended for use in clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil L Oreff
- Department of Large Animal, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roee Dahan
- Department of Large Animal, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amos J Tatz
- Department of Large Animal, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Raz
- Department of Large Animal, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Malka Britzi
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, National Residue Control Laboratory, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Gal Kelmer
- Department of Large Animal, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Zhai H, Pan J, Pang E, Bai B. Lavage with allicin in combination with vancomycin inhibits biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis in a rabbit model of prosthetic joint infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102760. [PMID: 25025650 PMCID: PMC4099135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The present anti-infection strategy for prosthetic joint infections (PJI) includes the use of antibiotics and surgical treatments, but the bacterial eradication rates are still low. One of the major challenges is the formation of biofilm causing poor bacterial eradication. Recently it has been reported that allicin (diallyl thiosulphinate), an antibacterial principle of garlic, can inhibit bacteria adherence and prevent biofilm formation in vitro. However, whether allicin could inhibit biofilm formation in vivo is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of allicin on biofilm formation, and whether allicin could potentiate the bactericidal effect of vancomycin in a rabbit PJI model. METHODS A sterile stainless-steel screw with a sterile ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene washer was inserted into the lateral femoral condyle of the right hind knee joint of rabbit, and 1 mL inoculum containing 104 colony-forming units of Staphylococcus epidermidis was inoculated into the knee joint (n = 32). Fourteen days later, rabbits randomly received one of the following 4 treatments using continuous lavages: normal saline, vancomycin (20 mcg/mL), allicin (4 mg/L), or allicin (4 mg/L) plus vancomycin (20 mcg/mL). Three days later, the washer surface biofilm formation was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bacterial counts within the biofilm of implanted screws were determined by bacterial culture. RESULTS The lowest number of viable bacterial counts of Staphylococcus epidermidis recovered from the biofilm was in the rabbits treated with allicin plus vancomycin (P<0.01 vs. all other groups). The biofilm formation was significantly reduced or undetectable by SEM in rabbits receiving allicin or allicin plus vancomycin. CONCLUSION Intra-articular allicincan inhibit biofilm formation and enhance the bactericidal effect of vancomycin on implant surface in vivo. Allicin in combination with vancomycin may be a useful anti-infection strategy for the treatment of PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohan Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Pang
- Department of Microbiology, Kingmed Diagnostic Center Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Desrochers A, Francoz D. Clinical management of septic arthritis in cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2014; 30:177-203, vii. [PMID: 24534665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial fluid, ultrasound, and radiographic imaging are common diagnostic tools for septic arthritis. Mycoplasma septic arthritis is suspected in calves with clinical signs of otitis and pneumonia. Commonly affected joints are carpus, stifle, and tarsus. Treatment strategy must include long-term antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and joint lavage. Knowledge of communication and boundaries for commonly affected joints is essential to perform joint lavage and arthrotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Desrochers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6, Canada.
| | - David Francoz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6, Canada
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Hayes GM, Gibson TWG, Moens NMM, Monteiro B, Johnson RJ. Intra-articular pharmacokinetics of a gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge in the canine stifle: an experimental study. Vet Surg 2014; 43:166-73. [PMID: 24410710 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate local and systemic pharmacokinetics of gentamicin after intra-articular implantation of a gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge (GICS) in the inflamed canine joint. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive repeated measures experimental study. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 9). METHODS Stifle joint inflammation was caused by urate injection. Twenty-four hours later a GICS (gentamicin dose, 6 mg/kg) was arthroscopically implanted. Synovial fluid and plasma gentamicin concentrations were measured for 14 days after implantation, and pharmacokinetic parameters modeled using statistical moment analyses. RESULTS Intra-articular gentamicin concentrations fell to sub-MIC for Staphylococcus sp. (4 µg/mL) by 22.4 hours (95% CI: 18.6-26.2) after sponge implantation. Cmax synovial was 2397 µg/mL (95%CI: 1161-3634 µg/mL) at 1.2 hours (95%CI: 0.5-1.8 hours). Plasma gentamicin concentrations achieved levels of Cmax plasma = 8.0 µg/mL (95%CI: 6.1-10.0 µg/mL) at 1.5 hours (95%CI: 0.8-2.1) after GICS placement and fell below target trough of 2.0 µg/mL by 5.6 hours (95%CI: 4.7-6.5 hours) after GICS placement. CONCLUSIONS Intra-articular gentamicin concentration after GICS placement at an IV-equivalent dose reached high levels and declined rapidly. The maximum plasma levels attained were ∼1/3 of the recommended sub-toxic target for people after parenteral gentamicin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina M Hayes
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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