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Calzetta L, Crupi R, Roncada P, Pistocchini E, di Cave D, Rossi I, Cito G, Jacobson GA, Britti D. Clinical efficacy of bronchodilators in equine asthma: Looking for minimal important difference. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:305-313. [PMID: 31132169 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway obstruction is the main trait of severe equine asthma that affects respiratory function and elicits detrimental effects on clinical presentation. Only few and underpowered clinical studies have investigated the impact of improvement in lung function induced by bronchodilators on the clinical signs of asthma-affected horses. OBJECTIVES To identify the minimal important difference (MID) in lung function elicited by bronchodilator leading to a meaningful improvement in clinical signs. STUDY DESIGN Pairwise meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. METHODS Literature searches were performed for studies that investigated the effect of bronchodilator therapy on lung function and clinical condition of asthmatic horses. The relationship between the change in lung function variables and clinical score was analysed via random-effect meta-regression. One-point change of the Improved clinically Detectable Equine Asthma Scoring System (IDEASS) score was used to identify the MID. RESULTS A significant (P<0.05) relationship was found between the changes in IDEASS score and maximum change in transpulmonary pressure (ΔPplmax ) or pulmonary resistance (RL ). Since only the model resulting for RL passed through the origin (Y-intercept when X = 0: -0.31, 95% CI -0.75 to 0.14), this variable was used to identify the MID correlated with a meaningful improvement in clinical signs. The resulting MID value was a change in RL of 0.63 cm H2 O/L/s (95% CI 0.33-0.94), representing the slope of meta-regression model (high quality of evidence). MAIN LIMITATIONS No long-term studies investigated the effect of bronchodilator agents on both lung function and clinical signs in asthmatic horses. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, bronchodilator pharmacotherapy in equine asthma elicits clinically meaningful effect when RL increases ≥1 cm H2 O/L/s, a value indicating the MID. Assessing the MID based on change in RL may improve the quality of evidence and the scientific impact of future clinical trials as it extends beyond the simple, and limiting, evaluation of statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Calzetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - R Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - P Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - E Pistocchini
- Unit of Laboratory Medicine, Veterinary Hospital Gregorio VII, Rome, Italy
| | - D di Cave
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - I Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - G Cito
- UOC Tutela Igienico Sanitaria degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy
| | - G A Jacobson
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - D Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
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Irwin JJ, Gaskins G, Sterling T, Mysinger MM, Keiser MJ. Predicted Biological Activity of Purchasable Chemical Space. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 58:148-164. [PMID: 29193970 PMCID: PMC5780839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
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Whereas
400 million distinct compounds are now purchasable within
the span of a few weeks, the biological activities of most are unknown.
To facilitate access to new chemistry for biology, we have combined
the Similarity Ensemble Approach (SEA) with the maximum Tanimoto similarity
to the nearest bioactive to predict activity for every commercially
available molecule in ZINC. This method, which we label SEA+TC, outperforms
both SEA and a naïve-Bayesian classifier via predictive performance
on a 5-fold cross-validation of ChEMBL’s bioactivity data set
(version 21). Using this method, predictions for over 40% of compounds
(>160 million) have either high significance (pSEA ≥ 40),
high
similarity (ECFP4MaxTc ≥ 0.4), or both, for one or more of
1382 targets well described by ligands in the literature. Using a
further 1347 less-well-described targets, we predict activities for
an additional 11 million compounds. To gauge whether these predictions
are sensible, we investigate 75 predictions for 50 drugs lacking a
binding affinity annotation in ChEMBL. The 535 million predictions
for over 171 million compounds at 2629 targets are linked to purchasing
information and evidence to support each prediction and are freely
available via https://zinc15.docking.org and https://files.docking.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Irwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco , Byers Hall, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, United States
| | - Garrett Gaskins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco , Byers Hall, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, United States.,Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco , 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , Byers Hall, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Teague Sterling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco , Byers Hall, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, United States
| | - Michael M Mysinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco , Byers Hall, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, United States
| | - Michael J Keiser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco , Byers Hall, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, United States.,Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco , 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , Byers Hall, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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5
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Menozzi A, Pozzoli C, Poli E, Delvescovo B, Serventi P, Bertini S. Pharmacological characterization of muscarinic receptors in the contractions of isolated bronchi in the horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:325-31. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Menozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie; Università di Parma; Parma Italy
| | - C. Pozzoli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze; Università di Parma; Parma Italy
| | - E. Poli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze; Università di Parma; Parma Italy
| | - B. Delvescovo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie; Università di Parma; Parma Italy
| | - P. Serventi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie; Università di Parma; Parma Italy
| | - S. Bertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie; Università di Parma; Parma Italy
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6
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Pirie RS. Recurrent airway obstruction: a review. Equine Vet J 2014; 46:276-88. [PMID: 24164473 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent airway obstruction is a widely recognised airway disorder, characterised by hypersensitivity-mediated neutrophilic airway inflammation and lower airway obstruction in a subpopulation of horses when exposed to suboptimal environments high in airborne organic dust. Over the past decade, numerous studies have further advanced our understanding of different aspects of the disease. These include clarification of the important inhaled airborne agents responsible for disease induction, improving our understanding of the underlying genetic basis of disease susceptibility and unveiling the fundamental immunological mechanisms leading to establishment of the classic disease phenotype. This review, as well as giving a clinical overview of recurrent airway obstruction, summarises much of the work in these areas that have culminated in a more thorough understanding of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Pirie
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
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