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Ooga M. Chromatin structure in totipotent mouse early preimplantation embryos. J Reprod Dev 2024; 70:152-159. [PMID: 38462486 PMCID: PMC11153117 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2023-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Totipotency refers to the ability of a single cell to give rise to all the different cell types in the body. Terminally differentiated germ cells (sperm and oocytes) undergo reprogramming, which results in the acquisition of totipotency in zygotes. Since the 1990s, numerous studies have focused on the mechanisms of totipotency. With the emergence of the concept of epigenetic reprogramming, which is important for the undifferentiated and differentiated states of cells, the epigenomes of germ cells and fertilized oocytes have been thoroughly analyzed. However, in early immunostaining studies, detailed epigenomic information was difficult to obtain. In recent years, the explosive development of next-generation sequencing has made it possible to acquire genome-wide information and the rise of genome editing has facilitated the analysis of knockout mice, which was previously difficult. In addition, live imaging can effectively analyze zygotes and 2-cell embryos, for which the number of samples is limited, and provides biological insights that cannot be obtained by other methods. In this review, the progress of our research using these advanced techniques is traced back from the present to its earliest years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ooga
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Tanaka A, Watanabe S. How to improve the clinical outcome of round spermatid injection (ROSI) into the oocyte: Correction of epigenetic abnormalities. Reprod Med Biol 2023; 22:e12503. [PMID: 36789269 PMCID: PMC9909386 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background First successful human round spermatid injection (ROSI) was conducted by Tesarik et al. in 1996 for the sole treatment of nonobstructive azoospermic men whose most advanced spermatogenic cells were elongating round spermatids. Nine offsprings from ROSI were reported between 1996 and 2000. No successful deliveries were reported for 15 years after that. Tanaka et al. reported 90 babies born after ROSI and their follow-up studies in 2015 and 2018 showed no significant differences in comparison with those born after natural conception in terms of physical and cognitive abilities. However, clinical outcomes remain low. Method Clinical and laboratory data of successful cases in the precursor ROSI groups and those of Tanaka et al. were reviewed. Results Differences were found between the two groups in terms of identification of characteristics of round spermatid and oocyte activation. Additionally, epigenetic abnormalities were identified as underlying causes for poor ROSI results, besides correct identification of round spermatid and adequate oocyte activation. Correction of epigenetic errors could lead to optimal embryonic development. Conclusion Correction of epigenetic abnormalities has a probability to improve the clinical outcome of ROSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySaint Mother ClinicKitakyushuJapan,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJuntendo University School of MedicineBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Anatomical ScienceHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
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Bai G, Zhai X, Liu L, Cai Z, Xiong J, Li H, Yang B. The molecular characteristics in different procedures of spermatogenesis. Gene 2022; 826:146405. [PMID: 35341953 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a multistep biological process. In addition to somatic cells, it involves the orderly differentiation of dozens of spermatogenic cells. In this process, the regulatory networks between different spermatogenic cell populations are significantly different. RNA m6A regulators and miRNAs have been found to be closely related to spermatogenesis in recent years, and they are an important part of the above regulatory networks. Understanding gene expression and its rules in different spermatogenic cell populations will help in the in-depth exploration of their detailed roles in spermatogenesis. This study collected a public dataset of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Based on the Johnson score, the testicular samples of NOA were divided into three types, Sertoli-cell only syndrome, meiotic arrest and postmeiotic arrest, which represented the loss of three germ cell populations, including whole spermatogenic cells, postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, and a mixture of late spermatids and spermatozoa, respectively. The aforementioned three types of testis data were compared with normal testis data, and the molecular expression characteristics of the abovementioned three germ cell populations were obtained. Our study showed that different germ cell populations have different active molecules and their pathways. In addition, RNA m6A regulators, including METTL3, IGF2BP2 and PRRC2A, and miRNAs, including hsa-let-7a-2, hsa-let-7f-1, hsa-let-7g, hsa-miR-15a, hsa-miR-197, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-30e, hsa-miR-32, hsa-miR-503 and hsa-miR-99a, also presented regulatory roles in almost all germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Bai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhai
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Linling Liu
- Department of Urology, the 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhonglin Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Aydos K, Aydos OS. Sperm Selection Procedures for Optimizing the Outcome of ICSI in Patients with NOA. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122687. [PMID: 34207121 PMCID: PMC8234729 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrieving spermatozoa from the testicles has been a great hope for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), but relevant methods have not yet been developed to the level necessary to provide resolutions for all cases of NOA. Although performing testicular sperm extraction under microscopic magnification has increased sperm retrieval rates, in vitro selection and processing of quality sperm plays an essential role in the success of in vitro fertilization. Moreover, sperm cryopreservation is widely used in assisted reproductive technologies, whether for therapeutic purposes or for future fertility preservation. In recent years, there have been new developments using advanced technologies to freeze and preserve even very small numbers of sperm for which conventional techniques are inadequate. The present review provides an up-to-date summary of current strategies for maximizing sperm recovery from surgically obtained testicular samples and, as an extension, optimization of in vitro sperm processing techniques in the management of NOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Aydos
- Department of Urology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Ankara, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-533-748-8995
| | - Oya Sena Aydos
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ankara, 06230 Ankara, Turkey;
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Zhu H, Sun H, Yu D, Li T, Hai T, Liu C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Dai X, Li Z, Li W, Liu R, Feng G, Zhou Q. Transcriptome and DNA Methylation Profiles of Mouse Fetus and Placenta Generated by Round Spermatid Injection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632183. [PMID: 33796527 PMCID: PMC8009284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Low birth efficiency and developmental abnormalities in embryos derived using round spermatid injection (ROSI) limit the clinical application of this method. Further, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive and warrant further in-depth study. In this study, the embryonic day (E) 11.5 mouse fetuses and corresponding placentas derived upon using ROSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and natural in vivo fertilized (control) embryos were collected. Transcriptome and DNA methylation profiles were analyzed and compared using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, respectively. RNA-seq results revealed similar gene expression profiles in the ROSI, ICSI, and control fetuses and placentas. Compared with the other two groups, seven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in ROSI fetuses, and ten DEGs were identified in the corresponding placentas. However, no differences in CpG methylation were observed in fetuses and placentas from the three groups. Imprinting control region methylation and imprinted gene expression were the same between the three fetus and placenta groups. Although 49 repetitive DNA sequences (RS) were abnormally activated in ROSI fetuses, RS DNA methylation did not differ between the three groups. Interestingly, abnormal hypermethylation in promoter regions and low expression of Fggy and Rec8 were correlated with a crown-rump length less than 6 mm in one ROSI fetus. Our study demonstrates that the transcriptome and DNA methylation in ROSI-derived E11.5 mouse fetuses and placentas were comparable with those in the other two groups. However, some abnormally expressed genes in the ROSI fetus and placenta warrant further investigation to elucidate their effect on the development of ROSI-derived embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tang Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guihai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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