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Ghosh S, Sahu M. Ultrasound for the degradation of endocrine disrupting compounds in aqueous solution: A review on mechanisms, influence of operating parameters and cost estimation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140864. [PMID: 38061558 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Availability of drinking water is one of the basic humanitarian goals but remains as a grand challenge that the world is facing today. Currently, water bodies are contaminated not only with conventional pollutants but also with numerous recalcitrant pollutants, such as PPCPs, endocrine disrupting compounds, etc. These emerging pollutants require special attention because of their toxicity to living organisms, bio-resistant and can sustain even after primary and secondary treatments of wastewater. Among different treatment technologies, sonolysis is found to be an innovative and promising technique for the treatment of emerging pollutants present in aqueous solution. Sonolysis is the use of ultrasound to enhance or alter chemical reactions by the formation of free radicals and shock waves which ultimately helps in degradation of pollutants. This review summarizes several studies in the sonochemical literature, including mechanisms of sonochemical process, physical and chemical effects of ultrasound, and the influence of several process variables such as ultrasound frequency, power density, temperature and pH of the medium on degradation performance for endocrine disrupting compounds. In addition, this review highlighted techno-economic perspectives focusing on the total cost required for translating the ultrasound-based processes on a large scale. Overall, the objective of this study is to exhibit a critical review of information available in the literature to encourage and promote future research on sonolysis for the degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Ghosh
- Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory, Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Manoranjan Sahu
- Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory, Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Inter-Disciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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2
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Liao J, Tan J, Peng L, Xue H. Numerical investigation on the influence of dual-frequency coupling parameters on acoustic cavitation and its analysis of the enhancement and attenuation effect. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106614. [PMID: 37801994 PMCID: PMC10568426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effect of coupling parameters between two ultrasonic waves on acoustic cavitation, in this work, Keller-Miksis equation was introduced to built a bubble dynamics model that was used to describe the dynamic evolution of bubble and to discuss the effect of dual-frequency coupling parameters, such as frequency difference f (5 ∼ 280 kHz), phase difference φ (0 ∼ 7π/4 rad), and power allocation ratio β (0 ∼ 9), on acoustic cavitation in the presence of two ultrasonic waves irradiation. The enhancement and attenuation effect of cavitation have also been analyzed in detail by comparing the different dual-frequency combinations with single-frequency mode. It was found that all coupling parameters have a significant impact on acoustic cavitation, where the smaller values of f and φ were employed when β = 1, the stronger cavitation intensity was observed. Nevertheless, as the power allocation ratio is increased from 1 to 9 at φ = 0 for different frequency differences, the acoustic cavitation exhibits an attenuation trend. When the total acoustic power is evenly distributed, namely β = 1, the largest maximum expansion ratio (i.e. 12.96) was obtained at φ = 0 and f = 5 kHz, which represents a strongest cavitation effect. In addition, for different frequency combinations, the enhancement effect is found under the mixture of low and low frequency, whereas attenuation effect is generated easily by the combination of high and low frequency. Moreover, the effect become more pronounced as the proportion of high frequency component increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Liao
- College of Physical Science and Engineering, Yichun University, 576 Xuefu Road, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, China.
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ling Peng
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, 576 Xuefu Road, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, China
| | - Hongkun Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China.
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3
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Qin D, Lei S, Chen B, Li Z, Wang W, Ji X. Numerical investigation on acoustic cavitation characteristics of an air-vapor bubble: Effect of equation of state for interior gases. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 97:106456. [PMID: 37271030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cavitation dynamics of an air-vapor mixture bubble with ultrasonic excitation can be greatly affected by the equation of state (EOS) for the interior gases. To simulate the cavitation dynamics, the Gilmore-Akulichev equation was coupled with the Peng-Robinson (PR) EOS or the Van der Waals (vdW) EOS. In this study, the thermodynamic properties of air and water vapor predicted by the PR and vdW EOS were first compared, and the results showed that the PR EOS gives a more accurate estimation of the gases within the bubble due to the less deviation from the experimental values. Moreover, the acoustic cavitation characteristics predicted by the Gilmore-PR model were compared to the Gilmore-vdW model, including the bubble collapse strength, the temperature, pressure and number of water molecules within the bubble. The results indicated that a stronger bubble collapse was predicted by the Gilmore-PR model rather than the Gilmore-vdW model, with higher temperature and pressure, as well as more water molecules within the collapsing bubble. More importantly, it was found that the differences between both models increase at higher ultrasound amplitudes or lower ultrasound frequencies while decreasing as the initial bubble radius and the liquid parameters (e.g., surface tension, viscosity and temperature of the surrounding liquid) increase. This study might offer important insights into the effects of the EOS for interior gases on the cavitation bubble dynamics and the resultant acoustic cavitation-associated effects, contributing to further optimization of its applications in sonochemistry and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dui Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Postdoctoral Workstation of Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojuan Ji
- Postdoctoral Workstation of Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Guo Y, Wu B, Guo X, Liu D, Qiu C, Ma H. Thermosonication inactivation of horseradish peroxidase with different frequency modes: Effect on activity, structure, morphology and mechanisms. Food Chem 2022; 384:132537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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5
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Mapping of cavitation intensity in a novel dual-frequency ultrasonic reactor of capacity 10 L. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Kazwini T, Yadav S, Ibrar I, Al-Juboori RA, Singh L, Ganbat N, Karbassiyazdi E, Samal AK, Subbiah S, Altaee A. Updated review on emerging technologies for PFAS contaminated water treatment. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hematoporphyrin Is a Promising Sensitizer for Dual-Frequency Sono-photodynamic Therapy in Mice Breast Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The combination of sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy (SPDT) may be a new hopeful non-invasive method for cancer treatment, which incorporates a combination of low-intensity ultrasound, laser radiation, and a sensitizer agent. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the effects of hematoporphyrin (HP)-mediated SPDT (dual-frequency ultrasound and laser radiation) in the management of mice breast adenocarcinoma. Methods: One hundred and thirty-two female mice with implanted tumors were divided into 22 groups, including sham, laser, 4 groups of dual-frequency ultrasound/laser radiation, 8 groups of HP-mediated SPDT (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), and 8 groups of HP encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HP-MSNs)-mediated SPDT. The sensitizer was administered by intraperitoneal injection and after a 24-hour delay, tumor grafted mice were treated with a combination of dual-frequency ultrasound and laser light. The tumor growth factors were used to assess the treatment outcome. Results: The results indicated that HP or HP-MSNs-mediated SPDT had a delaying tumor growth effect. In the groups treated with dual-frequency ultrasound and laser radiation, the maximum tumor growth inhibition (TGI) ratio was 47.5%, while the maximum TGI ratio in the SPDT groups was 61.6%. The time of T2 and T5 in the case of HP-MSNs-mediated SPDT groups was increased compared with sham and that of HP-mediated SPDT groups (P < 0.05). The inhibition ratio on tumor growth increased in all SPDT groups at 12 days after the treatment. Analysis of experimental data demonstrates that this increase was not declined and persisted over 30 days of treatment. The results indicated that SPDT is effective in relative tumor volume when compared with the sham group (339.1 ± 161 and 1510.8 ± 160, respectively). HP or HP-MSNs-mediated SPDT groups had Grade I (low), while others had Grade III (high) malignancy in the histological study of mice breast adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: The results revealed that when sensitized by dual-frequency SPDT, hematoporphyrin (with and without MSNs), has a promising effect at delaying tumor growth on mice breast cancer. Therefore, it can be appreciated that careful selection of the sensitizer with SPDT will play an eminent role in the success of cancer therapies.
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Kalmár C, Turányi T, Zsély IG, Papp M, Hegedűs F. The importance of chemical mechanisms in sonochemical modelling. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 83:105925. [PMID: 35149378 PMCID: PMC8841831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A state-of-the-art chemical mechanism is introduced to properly describe chemical processes inside a harmonically excited spherical bubble placed in water and saturated with oxygen. The model uses up-to-date Arrhenius-constants, collision efficiency factors and takes into account the pressure-dependency of the reactions. Duplicated reactions are also applied, and the backward reactions rates are calculated via suitable thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Our proposed reaction mechanism is compared to three other chemical models that are widely applied in sonochemistry and lack most of the aforementioned modelling issues. In the governing equations, only the reaction mechanisms are compared, all other parts of the models are identical. The chemical yields obtained by the different modelling techniques are taken at the maximum expansion of the bubble. A brief parameter study is made with different pressure amplitudes and driving frequencies at two equilibrium bubble sizes. The results show that due to the deficiencies of the former reaction mechanisms employed in the sonochemical literature, several orders of magnitude differences of the chemical yields can be observed. In addition, the trends along a control parameter can also have dissimilar characteristics that might lead to false optimal operating conditions. Consequently, an up-to-date and accurate chemical model is crucial to make qualitatively and quantitatively correct conclusions in sonochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csanád Kalmár
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Turányi
- Chemical Kinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - István Gy Zsély
- Chemical Kinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Máté Papp
- Chemical Kinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Hegedűs
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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Mendez-Arriaga F, Vecitis CD. Dual-high-frequency from single-piezoelectric crystal for ACE degradation by hybrid advanced oxidation UV-sonochemistry process. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105731. [PMID: 34560395 PMCID: PMC8463916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the combination of two waves emitted from a single-piezoelectric crystal by use of a dual-frequency generator in a sonochemical reactor. The dual-frequency configurations analyzed were the double-modulated fundamental frequency (376-376 kHz), resonant and second harmonic, termed 376D, 376R and 376H respectively. The effect of the phase shift (Φ) and the percentage of modulation between added waves were described by the total acoustic power distribution (Pt) measured inside the sonoreactor. Moreover, optimal angle alignment and modulation between dual-frequency waves for 376D, 376R and 376H cases were selected in order to evaluate the ultrasonic synergy by sonochemical reactivity in production of H2O2, in degradation rate of a model emerging pollutant ACE, and in the TOC and biodegradability evolution in the treated effluent. Phase shift and percentage of modulation had strong effect on the resulted waveform and on the sonochemical efficiency for all, harmonic and non-harmonic, dual-frequency combinations created. In the 376D case, the best reinforcement conditions are founded at 0° and 360°. In the 376H the maximum power distribution presents a 90° period. Shift phase does not determines any cyclic pattern in the total power distribution for the 376R case. The highest H2O2 production rate was observed for the 376H case followed for 376D and 376R configurations with 1.61, 1.12 and 0.58 μM/min by angle alignment in 105, 0 and 110° respectively. The highest initial degradation rate of ACE was observed for the 376D case followed for 376H and 376R with 0.56, 0.42 and 0.33 μM/min at 100% modulation. Reduced mineralization was observed in all dual-frequency configurations (8.54% for 376D and approximately 4.5% for 376R and 3756H modes). Contrasting results are observed regard to biodegradability ratio following the next sequence 376D < 376H≈376R with 0.9, 2.30 and 2.33 respectively. Relevant intensification in hydroxyl radicals production is observed by the UV-US system increasing up three folds the ACE removal and mineralization and two folds higher biodegradability of effluent in particular for 376R and 376H cases at optimal operation condition of dual-frequency signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Mendez-Arriaga
- CONACyT Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología & ICAT-UNAM, CdMx, 04510, Mexico; John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, US.
| | - Chad D Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, US.
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10
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Klapcsik K. GPU accelerated numerical investigation of the spherical stability of an acoustic cavitation bubble excited by dual-frequency. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 77:105684. [PMID: 34358882 PMCID: PMC8350425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The spherical stability of an acoustic cavitation bubble under dual-frequency excitation is investigated numerically. The radial dynamics is described by the Keller-Miksis equation, which is a second-order ordinary differential equation. The surface dynamics is modelled by a set of linear ordinary differential equation according to Hao and Prosperetti (1999), which takes into account the effect of vorticity by boundary layer approximation. Due to the large amount of investigated parameter combinations, the numerical computations were carried out on graphics processing units. The results showed that for bubble size between RE=2μm and 4μm, the combination of a low and a high frequency, and the combination of two close but not equal frequencies are important to prevent the bubble losing its shape stability, while reaching the chemical threshold (Rmax/RE=3) (Kalmár et al., 2020). The phase shift between harmonic components of dual-frequency excitation has no effect on the shape stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Klapcsik
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, P.O. Box 91, 1521 Budapest, Hungary.
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11
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Multi-frequency multi-mode ultrasound treatment for removing pesticides from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and effects on product quality. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Kerboua K, Hamdaoui O, Alghyamah A. Energy balance of high-energy stable acoustic cavitation within dual-frequency sonochemical reactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105471. [PMID: 33571941 PMCID: PMC7872890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The acoustic cavitation bubble as an open energetic system is the seat of conversion of various forms of energy accompanying the bubble oscillation. The energy conversion would explain specific dynamical, thermal and kinetical behaviors. In the present paper, the energy balance related to a stable bubble irradiated by dual-frequency field is simulated numerically and interpreted in accordance with the phenomena occurring inside it. The study particularly focuses on the comparison of the energetic behavior of high-energy stable cavitation with bubbles that are non-active in sonochemistry, submitted to couples of 35, 140, 300 and 515 kHz. The simulation results revealed that pressure forces work is the major energetic input during the bubble oscillation lifetime, while the main energetic loss comes from heat transfer by diffusion and enthalpy loss accompanying water condensation. Besides, high rates of condensation of water molecules and low amounts of accumulated energy inside the bubble volume were identified as the key factors preventing the achievement of the sonochemical activity threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Kerboua
- Ecole Supérieure de Technologies Industrielles, Department of Second Cycle, P.O. Box 218, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Oualid Hamdaoui
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz Alghyamah
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vesipa R, Paissoni E, Manes C, Ridolfi L. Dynamics of bubbles under stochastic pressure forcing. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:023108. [PMID: 33736035 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.023108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the dynamics of a single spherical bubble at rest under a nonstationary pressure forcing. However, attention has almost always been focused on periodic pressure oscillations, neglecting the case of stochastic forcing. This fact is quite surprising, as random pressure fluctuations are widespread in many applications involving bubbles (e.g., hydrodynamic cavitation in turbulent flows or bubble dynamics in acoustic cavitation), and noise, in general, is known to induce a variety of counterintuitive phenomena in nonlinear dynamical systems such as bubble oscillators. To shed light on this unexplored topic, here we study bubble dynamics as described by the Keller-Miksis equation, under a pressure forcing described by a Gaussian colored noise modeled as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Results indicate that, depending on noise intensity, bubbles display two peculiar behaviors: when intensity is low, the fluctuating pressure forcing mainly excites the free oscillations of the bubble, and the bubble's radius undergoes small amplitude oscillations with a rather regular periodicity. Differently, high noise intensity induces chaotic bubble dynamics, whereby nonlinear effects are exacerbated and the bubble behaves as an amplifier of the external random forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Vesipa
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C. so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Paissoni
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Costantino Manes
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C. so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Ridolfi
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C. so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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14
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Omoteso KA, Roy-Layinde TO, Laoye JA, Vincent UE, McClintock PVE. Acoustic vibrational resonance in a Rayleigh-Plesset bubble oscillator. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105346. [PMID: 33011444 PMCID: PMC7786605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of vibrational resonance (VR) has been investigated in a Rayleigh-Plesset oscillator for a gas bubble oscillating in an incompressible liquid while driven by a dual-frequency force consisting of high-frequency, amplitude-modulated, weak, acoustic waves. The complex equation of the Rayleigh-Plesset bubble oscillator model was expressed as the dynamics of a classical particle in a potential well of the Liénard type, thus allowing us to use both numerical and analytic approaches to investigate the occurrence of VR. We provide clear evidence that an acoustically-driven bubble oscillates in a time-dependent single or double-well potential whose properties are determined by the density of the liquid and its surface tension. We show both theoretically and numerically that, besides the VR effect facilitated by the variation of the parameters on which the high-frequency depends, amplitude modulation, the properties of the liquid in which the gas bubble oscillates contribute significantly to the occurrence of VR. In addition, we discuss the observation of multiple resonances and their origin for the double-well case, as well as their connection to the low frequency, weak, acoustic force field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Omoteso
- Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - T O Roy-Layinde
- Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - J A Laoye
- Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - U E Vincent
- Department of Physical Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, Ede, Nigeria; Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom.
| | - P V E McClintock
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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15
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Guo Y, Wu B, Guo X, Liu D, Wu P, Ma H, Pan Z. Ultrasonication and thermosonication blanching treatments of carrot at varying frequencies: Effects on peroxidase inactivation mechanisms and quality characterization evaluation. Food Chem 2020; 343:128524. [PMID: 33199114 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ultrasonication (US) and thermosonication (TS) blanching at varying frequencies on the carrot peroxidase (POD) inactivation and potential mechanisms were studied. The physicochemical properties were evaluated. Hot water (HW) blanching was used as control. Thermosonication decreased the POD activity to a greater extent, with a dual-frequency of 22/40 kHz showing the most significant effect. The POD-related gene expression was down-regulated by TS, which was contrary to the thermally treated samples. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra revealed that ultrasound-induced radicals from water sonolysis might involve in the POD inactivation. Thermosonication substantially increased the total carotenoid content (TCC). The color analysis showed that thermosonicated samples with a dual-frequency (22/40 kHz) exhibited the maximum values of C* and ΔE, and the minimum value of the whiteness index (WI). The micrographs verified the alterations in TCC and relative electrolyte leakage (REL) of carrot treated by HW, US, and TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Bengang Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiuyu Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Zhongli Pan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Hegedűs F, Klapcsik K, Lauterborn W, Parlitz U, Mettin R. GPU accelerated study of a dual-frequency driven single bubble in a 6-dimensional parameter space: The active cavitation threshold. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 67:105067. [PMID: 32380373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The active cavitation threshold of a dual-frequency driven single spherical gas bubble is studied numerically. This threshold is defined as the minimum intensity required to generate a given relative expansion (Rmax-RE)/RE, where RE is the equilibrium size of the bubble and Rmax is the maximum bubble radius during its oscillation. The model employed is the Keller-Miksis equation that is a second order ordinary differential equation. The parameter space investigated is composed by the pressure amplitudes, excitation frequencies, phase shift between the two harmonic components and by the equilibrium bubble radius (bubble size). Due to the large 6-dimensional parameter space, the number of the parameter combinations investigated is approximately two billion. Therefore, the high performance of graphics processing units is exploited; our in-house code is written in C++ and CUDA C software environments. The results show that for (Rmax-RE)/RE=2, the best choice of the frequency pairs depends on the bubble size. For small bubbles, below 3μm, the best option is to use just a single frequency of a low value in the giant response region. For medium sized bubbles, between 3μm and 6μm, the optimal choice is the mixture of low frequency (giant response) and main resonance frequency. For large bubbles, above 6μm, the main resonance dominates the active cavitation threshold. Increasing the prescribed relative expansion value to (Rmax-RE)/RE=3, the optimal choice is always single frequency driving with the lowest value (20kHz here). Thus, in this case, the giant response always dominates the active cavitation threshold. The phase shift between the harmonic components of the dual-frequency driving (different frequency values) has no effect on the threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Hegedűs
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kálmán Klapcsik
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Werner Lauterborn
- Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Parlitz
- Research Group Biomedical Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization and Institut für Dynamik komplexer Systeme, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Robert Mettin
- Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Matafonova G, Batoev V. Dual-frequency ultrasound: Strengths and shortcomings to water treatment and disinfection. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:116016. [PMID: 32619682 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 2000s, dual-frequency ultrasound (DFUS) has received much attention for synergistically enhanced elimination of organic pollutants and pathogenic microorganisms from water. In the present review, we have surveyed recent developments in acoustic physics to elucidate the mechanism of synergistic effect under exposure of aqueous media to DFUS. Briefly, the nonlinear dynamics of microbubbles upon DFUS exposure produces additional frequencies, such as harmonics, subharmonics, ultraharmonics and combination frequencies. These increase the probability of bubbles collapse, thereby enhancing cavitation and generating more reactive oxygen species (ROS) for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Further, literature data on ROS generation, chemical degradation and microbial inactivation in aqueous media through DFUS alone and DFUS-based AOPs (involving oxidants or catalysts) have been discussed. In this regard, optimal frequency combination, sonoreactor type and transducer arrangement appear to be key parameters for achieving a high synergistic effect. Strengths and shortcomings of DFUS to water treatment and disinfection have been identified and future research directions have been proposed. Though most studies were conducted on pure (matrix-free) aqueous solutions, these AOPs could be applicable for treating real waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Matafonova
- Laboratory of Engineering Ecology, Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia.
| | - Valeriy Batoev
- Laboratory of Engineering Ecology, Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
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Dong Z, Udepurkar AP, Kuhn S. Synergistic effects of the alternating application of low and high frequency ultrasound for particle synthesis in microreactors. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 60:104800. [PMID: 31563796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is a promising method to address clogging and mixing issues in microreactors (MR). So far, low frequency US (LFUS), pulsed LFUS and high frequency US (HFUS) have been used independently in MR for particle synthesis to achieve narrow particle size distributions (PSD). In this work, we critically assess the advantages and disadvantages of each US application method for the case study of calcium carbonate synthesis in an ultrasonic microreactor (USMR) setup operating at both LFUS (61.7 kHz, 8 W) and HFUS (1.24 MHz, 1.6 W). Furthermore, we have developed a novel approach to switch between LFUS and HFUS in an alternating manner, allowing us to quantify the synergistic effect of performing particle synthesis under two different US conditions. The reactor was fabricated by gluing a piezoelectric plate transducer to a silicon microfluidic chip. The results show that independently applying HFUS and LFUS produces a narrower PSD compared to silent conditions. However, at lower flow rates HFUS leads to agglomerate formation, while the reaction conversion is not enhanced due to weak mixing effects. LFUS on the other hand eliminates particle agglomerates and increases the conversion due to the strong cavitation effect. However, the required larger power input leads to a steep temperature rise in the reactor and the risk of reactor damage for long-term operation. While pulsed LFUS reduces the temperature rise, this application mode leads again to the formation of particle agglomerates, especially at low LFUS percentage. The proposed application mode of switching between LFUS and HFUS is proven to combine the advantages of both LFUS and HFUS, and results in particles with a unimodal narrow PSD (one order of magnitude reduction in the average size and span compared to silent conditions) and negligible rise of the reactor temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengya Dong
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Simon Kuhn
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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19
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Wood RJ, Lee J, Bussemaker MJ. Disparities between sonoluminescence, sonochemiluminescence and dosimetry with frequency variation under flow. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 58:104645. [PMID: 31450333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ultrasound (frequency and pressure amplitude) and external parameters (fluid flow rate and surface stabilisation) on active sonoluminescence (SL) and sonochemical (SC) bubbles were investigated using common characterisation techniques. The SL from water, sonochemiluminescence (SCL) from luminol solutions and iodide dosimetry were studied at flow rates of 0, 24, 228 and 626 mL/min at 44, 300 and 1000 kHz with and without surface stabilisation. An increase in flow, in general, decreased SL, SCL and dosimetry caused by a reduction in collapse intensity. However, all flow rates were also able to increase SL intensity and the highest flow rate (626 mL/min) could also increase SCL and dosimetry. For SL, augmentation with flow was attributed to a reduction in coalescence bubbles which cause growth to inactive size (44 kHz) and enhancement of the standing wave at the surface of solution (300 and 1000 kHz). Where agitation at the solution surface (44 kHz) caused aeration (without stabilisation), flow may have circulated additional cavitation nuclei, increasing SL. Increases in SCL intensity and dosimetry yields were attributed to increased bubble fragmentation which was more influential for the latter process. Disparities between SCL and dosimetry are discussed in terms of gas concentration and reaction energy requirements influenced by the transient nature of the bubbles. SL and SCL had complimentary behaviour when they were located in the same regions i.e. a reduction in SL resulted in an increase in SCL as bubbles moved from stable to transient in nature. The same was not observed when SL and SCL bubbles were located in different regions. The active region for SL/SCL could differ or overlap, depending on the standing to travelling wave proportions at each frequency effecting active regions. In some cases, increased standing wave proportions throughout the reactor (with surface stabilisation) did not facilitate an increase in SL intensity, as was expected. Here, the travelling wave without stabilisation enabled a stronger area of activity toward the surface with a localised standing wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard James Wood
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Judy Lee
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine J Bussemaker
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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20
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Klapcsik K, Hegedűs F. Study of non-spherical bubble oscillations under acoustic irradiation in viscous liquid. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 54:256-273. [PMID: 30718178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dissipation on the shape stability of a harmonically excited bubble is investigated. The employed liquid is the highly viscous glycerine. The rate of the dissipation is controlled through the alteration of viscosity of the liquid by varying its temperature. The mean radius of the bubble during its radial oscillation is described by the Keller-Miksis equation. Two approaches are used to describe the surface oscillations. The first model solves the surface dynamics equations of each mode together with the transport equation of the vorticity in the liquid domain. The second model approximates the transport equation, which is a partial differential equation, with a boundary layer approximation reducing the required computational resources significantly. The comparison of the surface models shows qualitative agreement at low dissipation rate; however, at high viscosity the application of the full transport equation is mandatory. The results show that an increasing rate of dissipation can significantly extend the shape stable domains in the excitation frequency-pressure amplitude parameter plane. Nevertheless, the collapse strength is decreasing due to the highly damped oscillations. It has been found that an optimal range of dissipation rate in terms of temperature can be defined expressing a good compromise between the collapse strength and surface stability. The computations are carried out by an in-house GPU accelerated initial value problem solver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Klapcsik
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, P.O. Box 91, 1521 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Hegedűs
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, P.O. Box 91, 1521 Budapest, Hungary.
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21
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Effect of ultrasound pretreatment with mono-frequency and simultaneous dual frequency on the mechanical properties and microstructure of whey protein emulsion gels. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Kerboua K, Hamdaoui O. Numerical investigation of the effect of dual frequency sonication on stable bubble dynamics. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 49:325-332. [PMID: 30172464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A computational study aiming to simulate an oxygen single acoustic bubble oscillation under a dual-frequency sonication was presented in this paper. The non-linear response of the bubble to the superposition of two fields of ultrasonic waves was investigated through dynamics parameters, collapse ratios and average velocities. The main goal of this analyze is to link the properties of the wave resulting from the dual-frequency excitation to the dynamics behavior of the bubble. The obtained results prove that, in contrast with the mono-frequency, coupling a wave to lower frequencies enhances the collapse duration and raises the compression ratio in the case of 35 kHz, while associating any of the studied waves to a higher frequency elevates the number of bubble oscillations during a time interval as compared to mono-frequency. The total sonochemical production has been investigated in accordance with the dynamics results, as well as the proportions of the three predominant free radicals, that show a dependency on the value of the basic frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Kerboua
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Oualid Hamdaoui
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria.
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23
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Wang M, Zhou Y. Numerical investigation of the inertial cavitation threshold by dual-frequency excitation in the fluid and tissue. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 42:327-338. [PMID: 29429677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inertial cavitation thresholds, which are defined as bubble growth by 2-fold from the equilibrium radius, by two types of ultrasonic excitation (at the classical single-frequency mode and dual-frequency mode) were calculated. The effect of the dual-frequency excitation on the inertial cavitation threshold in the different surrounding media (fluid and tissue) was studied, and the paramount parameters (driving frequency, amplitude ratio, phase difference, and frequency ratio) were also optimized to maximize the inertial cavitation. The numerical prediction confirms the previous experimental results that the dual-frequency excitation is capable of reducing the inertial cavitation threshold in comparison to the single-frequency one at the same output power. The dual-frequency excitation at the high frequency (i.e., 3.1 + 3.5 MHz vs. 1.1 + 1.3 MHz) is preferred in this study. The simulation results suggest that the same amplitudes of individual components, zero phase difference, and large frequency difference are beneficial for enhancing the bubble cavitation. Overall, this work may provide a theoretical model for further investigation of dual-frequency excitation and guidance of its applications for a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., 639798, Singapore; Motor Group, R&D, ASM Pacific Technology Ltd, 3/F, Watson Centre, 16-22 Kung Yip St, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., 639798, Singapore
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24
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Waldo NB, Vecitis CD. Combined effects of phase-shift and power distribution on efficiency of dual-high-frequency sonochemistry. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:100-108. [PMID: 29137731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to increase the efficiency of sonochemical reactors, this study investigates a single-source, dual-high-frequency ultrasound reactor. Experiments were conducted with a variety of piezoelectric crystals and reactor components, and for each reactor design a range of power distributions and phase shifts between the two frequencies were evaluated. Certain dual-frequency configurations produced up to a threefold increase in sonochemical efficiency, while others yeilded no improvement over a single frequency. These results led to two significant findings. First, phase-shift had a strong effect on sonochemical efficiency for both harmonic and non-harmonic frequency combinations. Second, the most efficient dual-harmonic-frequency waveforms had a single peak per half-cycle, rather than two unique peaks. If dual-frequency, single-source ultrasound reactors are to become more efficient they must be able to consistently control the phase angle of and power distribution between harmonic waves to create an optimal waveform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Waldo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Chad D Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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25
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Chaotic oscillations of gas bubbles under dual-frequency acoustic excitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 40:151-157. [PMID: 28412092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chaotic oscillation of bubbles in liquids reduces the efficiency of the sonochemical system and should be suppressed in the practical applications. In the present paper, a chaos control method based on the dual-frequency approach is numerically investigated and is proved to be an effective method even for cases with intensive energy input. It was found that the chaos could be successfully suppressed by the application of dual-frequency approach in a wide range of parameter zone (even with high acoustic pressure amplitude). Furthermore, influences of power allocation between two waves on the chaos control are quantitatively discussed with clear descriptions of the routes from stable oscillations to chaos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and Separation, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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26
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Wood RJ, Lee J, Bussemaker MJ. A parametric review of sonochemistry: Control and augmentation of sonochemical activity in aqueous solutions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017. [PMID: 28633836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this review the phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation and associated sonochemistry is presented through system parameters. Primary parameters are defined and considered, namely; pressure amplitude, frequency and reactor design; including transducer type, signal type, vessel-transducer ratio, liquid flow, liquid height, liquid temperature and the presence of a reflective plate. Secondary parameters are similarly characterised and involve the use of gas and liquid additives to influence the chemical and physical environments. Each of the parameters are considered in terms of their effect on bubble characteristics and subsequent impact on sonochemical activity. Evidence suggests that via parametric variation, the reaction products and efficiency may be controlled. This is hypothesised to occur through manipulation of the structural stability of the bubble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard James Wood
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Judy Lee
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine J Bussemaker
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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27
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li S. Combination and simultaneous resonances of gas bubbles oscillating in liquids under dual-frequency acoustic excitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 35:431-439. [PMID: 27818004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The multi-frequency acoustic excitation has been employed to enhance the effects of oscillating bubbles in sonochemistry for many years. In the present paper, nonlinear dynamic oscillations of bubble under dual-frequency acoustic excitation are numerically investigated within a broad range of parameters. By investigating the power spectra and the response curves of oscillating bubbles, two unique features of bubble oscillations under dual-frequency excitation (termed as "combination resonance" and "simultaneous resonance") are revealed and discussed. Specifically, the amplitudes of the combination resonances are quantitatively compared with those of other traditional resonances (e.g. main resonances, harmonics). The influences of several paramount parameters (e.g., the bubble radius, the acoustic pressure amplitude, the energy allocation between two component waves) on nonlinear bubble oscillations are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; School of Power, Energy and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Shengcai Li
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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28
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Tiong TJ, Liew DKL, Gondipon RC, Wong RW, Loo YL, Lok MST, Manickam S. Identification of active sonochemical zones in a triple frequency ultrasonic reactor via physical and chemical characterization techniques. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 35:569-576. [PMID: 27156122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coupling multiple frequencies in ultrasonic systems is one of the highly desired area of research for sonochemists, as it is known for producing synergistic effects on various ultrasonic reactions. In this study, the characteristics of a hexagonal-shaped triple frequency ultrasonic reactor with the combination frequencies of 28, 40 and 70kHz were studied. The results showed that uniform temperature increment was achieved throughout the reactor at all frequency combinations. On the other hand, sonochemiluminescence emission and degradation rate of Rhodamine B varies throughout different areas of the reactor, indicating the presence of acoustic 'hot spots' at certain areas of the reactor. Also, coupling dual and triple frequencies showed a decrease in the hydroxyl radical (OH) production, suggesting probable wave cancelling effect in the system. The results can therefore be served as a guide to optimize the usage of a triple frequency ultrasonic reactor for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Joyce Tiong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Derick K L Liew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ramona C Gondipon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ryan W Wong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuen Ling Loo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Matthew S T Lok
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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29
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Jin J, Ma H, Wang B, Yagoub AEGA, Wang K, He R, Zhou C. Effects and mechanism of dual-frequency power ultrasound on the molecular weight distribution of corn gluten meal hydrolysates. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 30:44-51. [PMID: 26703201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of dual-frequency power ultrasound (DPU) on the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of corn gluten meal (CGM) hydrolysates and its mechanism were investigated in the present study. The mechanism was studied from aspects of structural and nano-mechanical characteristics of the major protein fractions of CGM, viz. zein and glutelin. The results of molecular weight distribution indicated that DPU pretreatment of CGM was beneficial to the preparation of peptides with molecular weights of 200-1000Da. Moreover, FTIR spectral analysis and atomic force microscopy characterization showed that the DPU pretreatment changed the contents of secondary structure of proteins, decreased the particle height and surface roughness of glutelin, reduced the Young's modulus and stiffness of zein while increased its adhesion force. In conclusion, DPU pretreatment of proteins before proteolysis is an efficient alternative method to produce short-chain peptides because of its positive effects originating from acoustic cavitation on the molecular conformation, nano-structures and nano-mechanical properties of proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, PR China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Physical Processing of Agricultural Products, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Bei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Abu El-Gasim A Yagoub
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Faulty of Agriculture, University of Zalingei, PO Box 6, Zalingei, Sudan
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Physical Processing of Agricultural Products, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Physical Processing of Agricultural Products, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
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30
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li S. The secondary Bjerknes force between two gas bubbles under dual-frequency acoustic excitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:129-45. [PMID: 26584991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The secondary Bjerknes force is one of the essential mechanisms of mutual interactions between bubbles oscillating in a sound field. The dual-frequency acoustic excitation has been applied in several fields such as sonochemistry, biomedicine and material engineering. In this paper, the secondary Bjerknes force under dual-frequency excitation is investigated both analytically and numerically within a large parameter zone. The unique characteristics (i.e., the complicated patterns of the parameter zone for sign change and the combination resonances) of the secondary Bjerknes force under dual-frequency excitation are revealed. Moreover, the influence of several parameters (e.g., the pressure amplitude, the bubble distance and the phase difference between sound waves) on the secondary Bjerknes force is also investigated numerically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; School of Power, Energy and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Shengcai Li
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Zhang Y, Li S. Acoustical scattering cross section of gas bubbles under dual-frequency acoustic excitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 26:437-444. [PMID: 25801796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The acoustical scattering cross section is a paramount parameter determining the scattering ability of cavitation bubbles when they are excited by the incident acoustic waves. This parameter is strongly related with many important applications of acoustic cavitation including facilitating the reaction of chemical process, boosting bubble sonoluminescence, and performing non-invasive therapy and drug delivery. In present paper, both the analytical and numerical solutions of acoustical scattering cross section of gas bubbles under dual-frequency excitation are obtained. The validity of the analytical solution is shown with demonstrating examples. The nonlinear characteristics (e.g., harmonics, subharmonics and ultraharmonics) of the scattering cross section curve under dual-frequency approach are investigated. Compared with single-frequency approach, the dual-frequency approach displays more resonances termed as "combination resonances" and could promote the acoustical scattering cross section significantly within a much broader range of bubble sizes due to the generation of more resonances. The influence of several paramount parameters (e.g., acoustic pressure amplitude, power allocations between two acoustic components, and the ratio of the frequencies) in the dual-frequency system on the predictions of scattering cross section has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Shengcai Li
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Evaluation of fractionated and repeated sonodynamic therapy by using dual frequency for murine model of breast adenocarcinoma. J Ther Ultrasound 2015; 3:10. [PMID: 26124951 PMCID: PMC4484850 DOI: 10.1186/s40349-015-0031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new approach for cancer treatment. Repair by reoxygenation induces cell damage in all treatment which uses photo- and sonosensitizers. In this study, the in vivo antitumor effect of dual-frequency sonication is investigated at low-level intensity and hematoporphyrin (Hp). It is used for the treatment of spontaneous breast adenocarcinoma of Balb/c mice with a variety of dose repetition and fractionation regimes. Methods Eighty tumor-bearing mice were divided into eight groups, the control group (A); the sham group (B); the injection of Hp alone group (C); 30-min dual-frequency sonication with Hp injection in one repetition at the first day group (D); two repetitions at the first and sixth days group (E); three repetitions at the first, sixth, and twelfth days group (F); four repetitions at the first, sixth, twelfth, and eighteenth days (30 min/repetition) group (G); and the fractional treatment group treated by dual-frequency sonication and Hp injection at the first, third, sixth, and ninth days (7.5 min/fraction) (H). For each group, the tumor growth delay was calculated during 30 days after treatment. These tumors were studied histopathologically. Results The results show that the treatment with ultrasound dose repetition in two, three, and four times (E, F, and G groups) were effective in delaying tumor growth compared with one-time sonication (D group) (p < 0.05). Also, the ultrasound dose fractionation is more effective in decreasing the tumor growth rate compared with the ultrasound dose repetition in four repeats and in one repeat from the 12th to the 30th day (p < 0.05). Histopathological studies indicated that the mitotic activity of tumor cells was reduced following treatment with four fraction and four repetition protocols. Conclusion The ultrasound dose fractionation and repetition technique with dual-frequency sonication can have a useful therapeutic effect in sonodynamic therapy with the possibility of use in future clinical applications.
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Zhang Y, Du X, Xian H, Wu Y. Instability of interfaces of gas bubbles in liquids under acoustic excitation with dual frequency. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 23:16-20. [PMID: 25164271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Instability of interfaces of gas bubbles in liquids under acoustic excitation with dual frequency is theoretically investigated. The critical bubble radii dividing stable and unstable regions of bubbles under dual-frequency acoustic excitation are strongly affected by the amplitudes of dual-frequency acoustic excitation rather than the frequencies of dual-frequency excitation. The limitation of the proposed model is also discussed with demonstrating examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Chang Ping, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xiaoze Du
- Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Chang Ping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haizhen Xian
- Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Chang Ping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhang YN, Zhang YN, Li SC. Bubble dynamics under acoustic excitation with multiple frequencies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/72/1/012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hasanzadeh H, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Zahra Bathaie S, Hassan ZM, Shahbazfar AA. Dual-frequency ultrasound activation of nanomicellar doxorubicin in targeted tumor chemotherapy. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2014; 41:139-50. [PMID: 27277765 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-013-0484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the therapeutic effect of dual-frequency sonication (3 MHz and 28 kHz) at low intensity levels in combination with micellar doxorubicin in the treatment of a tumor model of spontaneous breast adenocarcinoma in Balb/c mice. METHODS We used sonication frequencies 28 kHz and 3 MHz and their dual combinations in the progressive wave mode to enhance acoustic cavitation. Then, the antitumor effect of the simultaneous dual-frequency ultrasound (28 kHz and 3 MHz) at low intensity levels in combination with doxorubicin and micellar doxorubicin injection was investigated in a spontaneous model of breast adenocarcinoma in Balb/c mice. Sixty-three tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into seven groups: control, sham, sonication with dual frequency, doxorubicin without sonication, doxorubicin with dual-frequency sonication, micellar doxorubicin without sonication, and micellar doxorubicin with dual-frequency sonication. The tumor volume change relative to the initial volume, tumor growth inhibition ratio, the required times for each tumor to reach two (T 2) and five (T 5) times its initial volume, and survival period were the tumor growth delay parameters which were calculated and recorded at various times after treatment. RESULTS The results of the combination of frequencies 28 kHz (0.04 W/cm(2)) and 3 MHz (2.00 W/cm(2)) showed remarkable enhancement of the cavitation activity compared with single-frequency sonication (P < 0.05). The micellar doxorubicin injection with sonication group showed a significant difference in the relative volume percent parameter compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the T 2 and T 5 times in the micellar doxorubicin with sonication group were significantly higher than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Also, the survival period of the mice in the micellar doxorubicin with sonication group was significantly longer than in the other groups (P < 0.05). These findings were verified histopathologically. CONCLUSION This study shows that simultaneous combined dual-frequency ultrasound sonication in continuous mode is effective in producing cavitation activity at low intensity. We conclude that dual-frequency sonication with micellar doxorubicin injection extends survival in a murine breast adenocarcinoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Hasanzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zuhair M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Shahbazfar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
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Hasanzadeh H, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Bathaie SZ, Hassan ZM. Effect of fractionation on treatment outcome in local dual-frequency sonication and Dox-encapsulated nanomicelles. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2013; 40:303-8. [PMID: 27277448 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-013-0438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to localize drug release from nanomicelles using dual-frequency sonication at low levels of acoustic intensity. METHODS In this study, the antitumor effect of simultaneous dual-frequency sonication (28 kHz and 3 MHz) at low levels of acoustic intensity in combination with doxorubicin and micellar doxorubicin injection was assessed in a spontaneous model of breast adenocarcinoma in female Balb/c mice. Sixty-three tumor-bearing mice were randomly grouped into control, sham, dual-frequency sonication, doxorubicin injection with and without dual-frequency sonication, and micellar doxorubicin injection with and without dual-frequency sonication groups. RESULTS The results of volume change relative to initial volume showed that in the micellar doxorubicin injection with sonication group, this parameter was significantly different from that of the control, sham, sonication, and doxorubicin injection groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the volume began to increase on the 15th day after the start of treatment, which is a good indication to repeat treatment; therefore, another group received an extra treatment on day 15. The animal life span in the micellar doxorubicin with sonication and repeated treatment groups was significantly higher than that in all the other experimental groups except for the micellar doxorubicin injection group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was concluded that dual-frequency sonication with micellar doxorubicin injection extends the life span relative to doxorubicin injection or dual-frequency sonication alone, and that repeating this treatment on day 15 decreases the rate of tumor growth significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Hasanzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zuhair M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Alamolhoda M, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Barati AH, Hasanzadeh H. Comparing the in vivo sonodynamic effects of dual- and single-frequency ultrasound in breast adenocarcinoma. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2012; 39:115-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10396-012-0348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Brotchie A, Grieser F, Ashokkumar M. Characterization of acoustic cavitation bubbles in different sound fields. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11010-6. [PMID: 20698516 DOI: 10.1021/jp105618q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Various fundamental properties of acoustic cavitation bubbles have been investigated in single- and dual-frequency sound fields. It was found that the relative extent of bubble coalescence in the dual-frequency field correlated strongly with the synergistic enhancement of the sonochemical reaction rates. Both the relative extent of coalescence and the sonochemical synergy observed were enhanced through the addition of coalescence-inhibiting solutes. This was attributed to greater nucleation in the dual-frequency mode compared with the single-frequency modes, producing a very localized and high-density bubble field. The acoustic bubble size, compared with that measured at 355 kHz alone, was found to increase upon the application of synchronous 20 kHz pulses but was reduced dramatically when the low frequency was applied as a continuous wave. This trend is consistent with previous reports indicating that the bubble density and cavitation activity are relatively higher in the pulsed system and that the continuous wave application exerts a strong cancellation effect. The changes in bubble density and coalescence rates are proposed to govern the acoustic bubble size. The bubble lifetime was found to be longer in the dual-frequency field (>0.30 ms; >6 low-frequency oscillations, >100 high-frequency oscillations) compared with both single-frequency fields (0.26 ms and 5 oscillations for the low frequency; 0.22 ms and 75 oscillations for the high frequency). The confluence of a longer bubble lifetime and more asymmetric collapse conditions, the latter inferred from a more pronounced sodium atom emission in the sonoluminescence spectrum, resulted in a lower bubble collapse temperature measured in the dual-frequency system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Brotchie
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Reddy BR, Sivasankar T, Sivakumar M, Moholkar VS. Physical facets of ultrasonic cavitational synthesis of zinc ferrite particles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2010; 17:416-426. [PMID: 19880340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses the physical features of the ultrasonic cavitational synthesis of zinc ferrite particles and tries to establish the relationship between cavitation physics and sonochemistry of the zinc ferrite synthesis. A dual approach of coupling experimental results with simulations of radial motion of cavitation bubbles has been adopted. The precursors for the zinc ferrite, viz. ZnO and Fe(3)O(4) are produced in situ by the hydrolysis of Zn and Fe(II) acetates stimulated by (*)OH radicals produced from the transient collapse of the cavitation bubbles. Experiments performed under different conditions create significant variation in the production of (*)OH radicals, and hence, the rate of acetate hydrolysis. Correlation of the results of experiments and simulations sheds light on the important facets of the physical mechanism of ultrasonic cavitational zinc ferrite synthesis. It is revealed that too much or too little rate of acetate hydrolysis results in smaller particle size of zinc ferrite. The first effect of a higher rate of hydrolysis leads to excessively large growth of particles, due to which they become susceptible to the disruptive action of cavitation bubbles. Whereas, the second effect of too small rate of hydrolysis of Zn and Fe(II) acetates restricts the growth of particles. It has been observed that the initial reactant concentration does not influence the mean particle size or the size distribution of zinc ferrite particles. The present investigation clearly confirms that the rate-controlling step of zinc ferrite synthesis through ultrasonic cavitational route is the rate of formation of (*)OH radicals from cavitation bubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Rao Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Liu HL, Hsieh CM. Single-transducer dual-frequency ultrasound generation to enhance acoustic cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2009; 16:431-438. [PMID: 18951828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dual- or multiple-frequency ultrasound stimulation is capable of effectively enhancing the acoustic cavitation effect over single-frequency ultrasound. Potential application of this sonoreactor design has been widely proposed such as on sonoluminescence, sonochemistry enhancement, and transdermal drug release enhancement. All currently available sonoreactor designs employed multiple piezoelectric transducers for generating single-frequency ultrasonic waves separately and then these waves were mixed and interfered in solutions. The purpose of this research is to propose a novel design of generating dual-frequency ultrasonic waves with single piezoelectric elements, thereby enhancing acoustic cavitation. Macroscopic bubbles were detected optically, and they were quantified at either a single-frequency or for different frequency combinations for determining their efficiency for enhancing acoustic cavitation. Visible bubbles were optically detected and hydrogen peroxide was measured to quantify acoustic cavitation. Test water samples with different gas concentrations and different power levels were used to determine the efficacy of enhancing acoustic cavitation of this design. The spectrum obtained from the backscattered signals was also recorded and examined to confirm the occurrence of stable cavitation. The results confirmed that single-element dual-frequency ultrasound stimulation can enhance acoustic cavitation. Under certain testing conditions, the generation of bubbles can be enhanced up to a level of five times higher than the generation of bubbles in single-frequency stimulation, and can increase the hydrogen peroxide production up to an increase of one fold. This design may serve as a useful alternative for future sonoreactor design owing to its simplicity to produce dual- or multiple-frequency ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Center, Chang-Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
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Brotchie A, Mettin R, Grieser F, Ashokkumar M. Cavitation activation by dual-frequency ultrasound and shock waves. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:10029-34. [DOI: 10.1039/b912725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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