1
|
Huang H, Liu P, Ma Q, Tang Z, Wang M, Hu J. Enabling a high-performance saltwater Al-air battery via ultrasonically driven electrolyte flow. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 88:106104. [PMID: 35926277 PMCID: PMC9356213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging battery technology, the Al-air flow battery (AAFB) exhibits high energy density due to the recycling of electrolytes, thus showing great potential as a type of clean and sustainable energy storage system. Conventionally, it employs an external mechanical pump to recycle the electrolyte. In this work, the saltwater AAFB in which the electrolyte is recycled by the ultrasonic capillary effect (rather than a mechanical pump) and the reaction chamber is agitated by ultrasonic vibration, is proposed and investigated. Our numerical simulations show that a travelling ultrasonic wave in the electrolyte flow system causes the capillary flow and agitation. The experimental results show that the percentage increase of the peak power density (relative to that with static electrolyte) can be up to about 7.5 times of that with the electrolyte flow driven by a mechanical pump, under the same electrolyte flow rate and concentration (3.3 ml min-1 and 3 M NaCl). The optimal peak power density, which can be achieved by optimizing the reaction chamber thickness, electrolyte concentration and ultrasonic vibration velocity, is 43.88 mW cm-2. This work illustrates that the acoustofluidic method can not only improve the discharge performance of the saltwater AAFB effectively, but also greatly decrease the energy consumption, weight and volume of the electrolyte driving unit of the AAFB. In addition, analyses based on experimental results show that the energy gain of a series/parallel battery system formed by multiple identical cells can be larger than one, if the number of cells in the system is large enough.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Huang
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Qiuxia Ma
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zihao Tang
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Mu Wang
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Junhui Hu
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pandiyarajan S, Hsiao PJ, Liao AH, Ganesan M, Manickaraj SSM, Lee CT, Huang ST, Chuang HC. Influence of ultrasonic combined supercritical-CO 2 electrodeposition process on copper film fabrication: Electrochemical evaluation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 74:105555. [PMID: 33892261 PMCID: PMC8091059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Introducing ultrasound irradiation to the electrodeposition process can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of deposited films. Meanwhile, the beneficial effects from supercritical-CO2, such as high diffusivity, high permeability, low surface tension, etc., would improve the electrodeposition process with better surface quality. In the shed of the light, the present work deals with the preparation of copper (Cu) films using the integrated techniques, i.e., ultrasonic-assisted supercritical-CO2 (US-SC-CO2) electrodeposition approach. For comparison, Cu films were also prepared by normal supercritical-CO2 (SC-CO2) and conventional electrodeposition methods. To investigate the characteristics of Cu films, surface morphology analysis, roughness analysis, X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), Linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were performed. In this work, EIS analysis was utilized for interfacial charge transfer resistance analysis with 5 mM [Fe(CN)6]-3/-4 redox system and corrosion analysis with 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The observed results revealed that the film prepared with the US-SC-CO2 method have superior properties than those produced by normal SC-CO2 and conventional methods. Due to the combination of US-SC-CO2, the cavitation implosion occurs rapidly that enriches the deposited film quality, such as sufficient grain size, smoother surface, enhanced corrosion resistance, and charge carrier dynamics. On the other hand, the ultrasound effect with SC-CO2 helped to remove the weakly adhered metal ions on the electrode's surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabarison Pandiyarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ju Hsiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ho Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muthusankar Ganesan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shobana Sebstin Mary Manickaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ta Lee
- Ya De Li Technology Co., Ltd., Taipei 104031, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tung Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chiao Chuang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo W, Leng X, Luan T, Yan J, He J. Ultrasonic-promoted rapid TLP bonding of fine-grained 7034 high strength aluminum alloys. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 36:354-361. [PMID: 28069220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High strength aluminum alloys are extremely sensitive to the thermal cycle of welding. An ultrasonic-promoted rapid TLP bonding with an interlayer of pure Zn was developed to join fine-grained 7034 aluminum alloys at the temperature of lower 400°C. The oxide film could be successfully removed with the ultrasonic vibration, and the Al-Zn eutectic liquid phase generated once Al and Zn contacted with each other. Longer ultrasonic time can promote the diffusion of Zn into the base metal, which would shorten the holding time to complete isothermal solidification. The joints with the full solid solution of α-Al can be realized with the ultrasonic action time of 60s and holding time of only 3min at 400°C, and the shear strength of joints could reach 223MPa. The joint formation mechanism and effects of ultrasounds were discussed in details.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xuesong Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Tianmin Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jiuchun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Jingshan He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu C, Wu J, Luo H, Wang S, Chen T. Ultrasonic radiation to enable improvement of direct methanol fuel cell. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:363-370. [PMID: 26585016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To improve DMFC (direct methanol fuel cell) performance, a new method using ultrasonic radiation is proposed and a novel DMFC structure is designed and fabricated in the present paper. Three ultrasonic transducers (piezoelectric transducer, PZT) are integrated in the flow field plate to form the ultrasonic field in the liquid fuel. Ultrasonic frequency, acoustic power, and methanol concentration have been considered as variables in the experiments. With the help of ultrasonic radiation, the maximum output power and limiting current of cell can be independently increased by 30.73% and 40.54%, respectively. The best performance of DMFC is obtained at the condition of ultrasonic radiation (30 kHz and 4 W) fed with 2M methanol solution, because both its limiting current and output power reach their maximum value simultaneously (222 mA and 33.6 mW, respectively) under this condition. These results conclude that ultrasonic can be an alternative choice for improving the cell performance, and can facilitate a guideline for the optimization of DMFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Digital Manufacturing Key Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Jiang Wu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Hao Luo
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Sanwu Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|