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Schieppati D, Mohan M, Blais B, Fattahi K, Patience GS, Simmons BA, Singh S, Boffito DC. Characterization of the acoustic cavitation in ionic liquids in a horn-type ultrasound reactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 102:106721. [PMID: 38103370 PMCID: PMC10765111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Most ultrasound-based processes root in empirical approaches. Because nearly all advances have been conducted in aqueous systems, there exists a paucity of information on sonoprocessing in other solvents, particularly ionic liquids (ILs). In this work, we modelled an ultrasonic horn-type sonoreactor and investigated the effects of ultrasound power, sonotrode immersion depth, and solvent's thermodynamic properties on acoustic cavitation in nine imidazolium-based and three pyrrolidinium-based ILs. The model accounts for bubbles, acoustic impedance mismatch at interfaces, and treats the ILs as incompressible, Newtonian, and saturated with argon. Following a statistical analysis of the simulation results, we determined that viscosity and ultrasound input power are the most significant variables affecting the intensity of the acoustic pressure field (P), the volume of cavitation zones (V), and the magnitude of the maximum acoustic streaming surface velocity (u). V and u increase with the increase of ultrasound input power and the decrease in viscosity, whereas the magnitude of negative P decreases as ultrasound power and viscosity increase. Probe immersion depth positively correlates with V, but its impact on P and u is insignificant. 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ILs yielded the largest V and the fastest acoustic jets - 0.77 cm3 and 24.4 m s-1 for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride at 60 W. 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium-based ILs generated the smallest V and lowest u - 0.17 cm3 and 1.7 m s-1 for 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium p-toluene sulfonate at 20 W. Sonochemiluminescence experiments validated the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Schieppati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. CV, Montréal H3C 3A7, Québec, Canada
| | - Mood Mohan
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Bioscience Division and Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Bruno Blais
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. CV, Montréal H3C 3A7, Québec, Canada
| | - Kobra Fattahi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. CV, Montréal H3C 3A7, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregory S Patience
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. CV, Montréal H3C 3A7, Québec, Canada
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Daria C Boffito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. CV, Montréal H3C 3A7, Québec, Canada.
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2
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Parametric and kinetic study of simultaneous esterification and transesterification of model waste sunflower oil by using zirconium sulfate catalyst. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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3
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RSM optimization of biodiesel production by a novel composite of Fe(ΙΙΙ)-based MOF and phosphomolybdic acid. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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4
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Laajimi H, Galli F, Patience GS, Schieppati D. Experimental methods in chemical engineering: gas
chromatography‐GC. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hela Laajimi
- Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. “CV”, Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Federico Galli
- Département de génie chimique et génie biotechnologique Université de Sherbrooke 2500, boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec Canada
| | - Gregory S. Patience
- Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. “CV”, Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Dalma Schieppati
- Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. “CV”, Montréal Québec Canada
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Meroni D, Djellabi R, Ashokkumar M, Bianchi CL, Boffito DC. Sonoprocessing: From Concepts to Large-Scale Reactors. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3219-3258. [PMID: 34818504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intensification of ultrasonic processes for diversified applications, including environmental remediation, extractions, food processes, and synthesis of materials, has received attention from the scientific community and industry. The mechanistic pathways involved in intensification of ultrasonic processes that include the ultrasonic generation of cavitation bubbles, radical formation upon their collapse, and the possibility of fine-tuning operating parameters for specific applications are all well documented in the literature. However, the scale-up of ultrasonic processes with large-scale sonochemical reactors for industrial applications remains a challenge. In this context, this review provides a complete overview of the current understanding of the role of operating parameters and reactor configuration on the sonochemical processes. Experimental and theoretical techniques to characterize the intensity and distribution of cavitation activity within sonoreactors are compared. Classes of laboratory and large-scale sonoreactors are reviewed, highlighting recent advances in batch and flow-through reactors. Finally, examples of large-scale sonoprocessing applications have been reviewed, discussing the major scale-up and sustainability challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ridha Djellabi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Claudia L Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daria C Boffito
- Département de Génie Chimique, C.P. 6079, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal H3C 3A7, Canada.,Canada Research Chair in Intensified Mechanochemical Processes for Sustainable Biomass Conversion, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. CV, H3C 3A7 Montréal, Québec Canada
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6
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Esterification of free fatty acids in a rotor-stator spinning disc reactor. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Laajimi H, Mattia M, Stein RS, Bianchi CL, Boffito DC. Electron paramagnetic resonance of sonicated powder suspensions in organic solvents. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105544. [PMID: 33819869 PMCID: PMC8047979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical effects of the acoustic cavitation generated by ultrasound translates into the production of highly reactive radicals. Acoustic cavitation is widely explored in aqueous solutions but it remains poorly studied in organic liquids and in particular in liquid/solid media. However, several heterogeneous catalysis reactions take place in organic solvents. Thus, we sonicated trimethylene glycol and propylene glycol in the presence of silica particles (SiO2) of different sizes (5-15 nm, 0.2-0.3 µm, 12-26 µm) and amounts (0.5 wt% and 3 wt%) at an ultrasound frequency of 20 kHz to quantify the radicals generated. The spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolin-N-oxide (DMPO) was used to trap the generated radicals for study by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We identified the trapped radical as the hydroxyalkyl radical adduct of DMPO, and we quantified it using stable radical 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) as a quantitation standard. The concentration of DMPO spin adducts in solutions containing silica size 12-26 µm was higher than the solution without particles. The presence of these particles increased the concentration of the acoustically generated radicals by a factor of 1.5 (29 µM for 0.5 wt% of SiO2 size 12-26 µm vs 19 µM for 0 wt%, after 60 min of sonication). Ultrasound produced fewest radicals in solutions with the smallest particles; the concentration of radical adducts was highest for SiO2 particle size 12-26 µm at 0.5 wt% loading, reaching 29 µM after 60 min sonication. Ultrasound power of 50.6 W produced more radicals than 24.7 W (23 µM and 18 µM, respectively, at 30 min sonication). Increased temperature during sonication generated more radical adducts in the medium (26 µM at 75 °C and 18 µM at 61 °C after 30 min sonication). Acoustic cavitation, in the presence of silica, increased the production of radical species in the studied organic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héla Laajimi
- Polytechnique Montréal - Department of Chemical Engineering, C.P. 6079, Centre Ville, H3C 3A7 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michela Mattia
- Università degli Studi di Milano - Chemistry Department, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Robin S Stein
- McGill University - Chemistry Department, 801 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal QC H3A 0B8, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia L Bianchi
- Università degli Studi di Milano - Chemistry Department, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daria C Boffito
- Polytechnique Montréal - Department of Chemical Engineering, C.P. 6079, Centre Ville, H3C 3A7 Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Boffito DC, Fernandez Rivas D. Process intensification connects scales and disciplines towards sustainability. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria C. Boffito
- Chemical Engineering Department Canada Research Chair in Intensified Mechano‐Chemical Processes for Sustainable Biomass Conversion, Polytechnique Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - David Fernandez Rivas
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands
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Patience NA, Galli F, Rigamonti MG, Schieppati D, Boffito DC. Ultrasonic Intensification To Produce Diester Biolubricants. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A. Patience
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Centre ville H3C 3A7 Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, H9X 3 V9 Saint-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Federico Galli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Centre ville H3C 3A7 Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco G. Rigamonti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Centre ville H3C 3A7 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dalma Schieppati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Centre ville H3C 3A7 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daria C. Boffito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Centre ville H3C 3A7 Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Wu Z, Tagliapietra S, Giraudo A, Martina K, Cravotto G. Harnessing cavitational effects for green process intensification. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 52:530-546. [PMID: 30600212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impressive chemico-physical effects observed in sonochemistry are a result of cavitation, as ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation does not interact with matter at the atomic and molecular levels. Bubble collapse leads to the quasi-adiabatic heating of the vapour inside bubbles, giving rise to local hot spots in the fluid. Cavitation thus transforms a mechanical energy into high kinetic energy, which is released in very short bursts that are exploited for green process intensification. This paper reviews relevant applications of hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation with the aim of highlighting the particular advantages that these phenomena offer to the intensification of green chemical processes. Emulsification, biodiesel preparation, wastewater decontamination, organic synthesis, enzymatic catalysis and extractions are discussed among others. As a comparison, hydrodynamic cavitation technique is more advantageous in dealing with process intensification at large-scale, as well as the enhancement of mass transfer and heat transfer, while ultrasonic cavitation technique is more convenient to operate, easier to control in the studies at lab-scale, and exhibits more efficient in producing active free radicals and inducing the cleavage of volatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Wu
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Silvia Tagliapietra
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Alessadro Giraudo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Katia Martina
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy.
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11
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Souza GK, Diório A, Johann G, Gomes MCS, Pomini AM, Arroyo PA, Pereira NC. Assessment of the Physicochemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Kernel Fruit Oil from the Acrocomia totai
Palm Tree. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gredson Keiff Souza
- Chemical Engineering Department; State University of Maringá; Colombo St, 5790., Maringá PR 87020-900 Brazil
- Department of Chemistry; State University of Maringá; Colombo St, 5790., Maringá PR 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Alexandre Diório
- Chemical Engineering Department; State University of Maringá; Colombo St, 5790., Maringá PR 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Gracielle Johann
- Federal Technological University of Paraná; Estrada para Boa Esperança; Km 04, Dois Vizinhos PR 85660-000 Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Sérgi Gomes
- Engineering Departament; Federal Technological University of Paraná; Marcílio Dias St, 635., Apucarana PR 86812-460 Brazil
| | - Armando Mateus Pomini
- Department of Chemistry; State University of Maringá; Colombo St, 5790., Maringá PR 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Arroyo
- Chemical Engineering Department; State University of Maringá; Colombo St, 5790., Maringá PR 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Nehemias Curvelo Pereira
- Chemical Engineering Department; State University of Maringá; Colombo St, 5790., Maringá PR 87020-900 Brazil
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12
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Louyot P, Neagoe C, Galli F, Pirola C, Patience GS, Boffito DC. Ultrasound-assisted impregnation for high temperature Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 48:523-531. [PMID: 30080581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A fraction of the petroleum extracted from oil reservoirs contains associated natural gas. Rather than building infrastructure to recover low volumes of this natural gas, the industry flares or vents it to the atmosphere, which contributes to atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions but also reduces the air quality locally because it contains gaseous sulphur and nitrogen compounds. Converting the natural gas (NG) to hydrocarbons with a small-scale two-step gas-to-liquids process, is an alternative to flaring and venting. In the first step, NG reacts with oxygen to form syngas (Catalytic Partial Oxidation) and in the second step the syngas reacts over metallic catalysts to form higher paraffins at 210 °C to 300 °C-Fischer Tropsch synthesis (FT). For the first time, we synthesize bimetallic FeCo FT catalysts with ultrasound. An ultrasonic horn agitates the solution during the entire impregnation process. The active phase dispersion of the sonicated catalysts was superior to the catalyst synthesized without ultrasound, while reducing the impregnation time by a factor of three. We tested our catalysts in a lab-scale, fixed-bed reactor at 270 °C and 300 °C, and achieved 80% conversion over 3-days on stream and a 40% yield of C2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Louyot
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, H3T 1J4 Québec, Canada
| | - Cristian Neagoe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, H3T 1J4 Québec, Canada
| | - Federico Galli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, H3T 1J4 Québec, Canada; Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Pirola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gregory S Patience
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, H3T 1J4 Québec, Canada
| | - Daria C Boffito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, H3T 1J4 Québec, Canada.
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Mahmood-Fashandi H, Ghavami M, Gharachorloo M, Abbasi R, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Using of Ultrasonic in Degumming of Soybean and Sunflower Seed Oils: Comparison with the Conventional Degumming. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mahmood-Fashandi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Tehran Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ghavami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Tehran Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Gharachorloo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Tehran Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Roya Abbasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Tehran Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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14
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Eco-friendly Pretreatment of Oil with High Free Fatty Acid Content Using a Sulfamic Acid/Ethanol System. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Ultrasonic Speed and Related Thermo-acoustical Parameters of Solutions of 1,1′-Bis(3-methyl-4-ethoxyacetylphenoxy)cyclohexane at Four Different Temperatures. J SOLUTION CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-015-0389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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