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Chuai S, Zhu X, Ye L, Liu Y, Wang Z, Li F. Study on the mechanism of ultrasonic cavitation effect on the surface properties enhancement of TC17 titanium alloy. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 108:106957. [PMID: 38901304 PMCID: PMC11239707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In industrial production and scientific research, ultrasonic cavitation technology, with its outstanding physical and chemical processing capabilities, has been widely applied in fields such as material surface modification, chemical synthesis, and biotechnology, becoming a focal point of research and application. This article delves into the effects of different ultrasonic frequencies on cavitation outcomes through the combined use of numerical simulation, fluorescence analysis, and high-speed photography, specifically analyzing the quantitative improvement in the mechanical properties of TC17 titanium alloy under ultrasonic cavitation at frequencies of 20 kHz, 30 kHz, and 40 kHz. The study found that at an ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz, the maximum expansion radius of cavitation bubbles can reach 51.4 μm, 8.6 times their initial radius. Correspondingly, fluorescence intensity and peak area also increased to 402.8 and 28104, significantly above the baseline level. Moreover, after modification by ultrasonic cavitation, the original machining marks on the surface of TC17 titanium alloy became fainter, with the emergence of new, uniformly distributed microfeatures. The microhardness of the material increased from 373.7 Hv to 383.84 Hv, 396.62 Hv, and 414.06 Hv, with a maximum improvement of 10.8 %. At the same time, surface height difference and roughness significantly decreased (to 3.168 μm and 0.61 μm respectively), with reductions reaching 45.1 % and 42.4 %, indicating a significant improvement in material surface quality. Notably, there is a negative correlation between the improvement of mechanical properties and ultrasonic frequency, suggesting that the improvement effects decrease as ultrasonic frequency increases. This research not only reveals the quantitative relationship between ultrasonic cavitation frequency and material surface modification effects but also provides a solid scientific basis and practical guidance for the application of ultrasonic cavitation technology in surface engineering, signifying the technology's potential for broad application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Chuai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Xijing Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Linzheng Ye
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Zexiao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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2
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Tang J, Tang J, Liao Y, Bai L, Luo T, Xu Y, Liu Z. An in vitro comparative study on clot lysis efficiency of urokinase and reteplase with the synergy of ultrasound needle. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26624. [PMID: 38463819 PMCID: PMC10920158 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ultrasound Needle, which is an improved ultrasonic horn device, has shown great potential for promoting the diffusion of thrombolytic drugs within clots and enhancing clot lysis efficiency. However, the clot lysis efficiency of different thrombolytic drugs with the synergy of Ultrasound Needle remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to compare the lysis efficiency of the non-fibrin-specific drug urokinase and fibrin-specific drug reteplase with the synergy of Ultrasound Needle. Materials and methods Twenty-five milliliters of human blood was incubated for 1.5 h to form in vitro clots and then received the corresponding treatment protocols: control group (normal saline), US group (10 min of Ultrasound Needle treatment), UK group (30000IU of urokinase), r-PA group (2 mg of reteplase), US + UK group, and US + r-PA group. After treatment, the morphological changes of the clots were analyzed by B-mode ultrasound imaging and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Lysis efficiency was evaluated based on the relative end weight (final weight/initial weight). The fibrin density of the different groups after treatment was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Results Morphological examination and relative end weight analysis showed that combination therapies induced a more thorough dissolution of clots compared with single therapies, and the US + r-PA group exhibited higher lysis efficiency than the US + UK group. In addition, immunofluorescence staining showed that the US + r-PA group had fewer remaining thrombus fibrins than the US + UK group after treatment. Conclusions The Ultrasound Needle can significantly improve the clot lysis efficiency of both fibrinolytic drugs, and fibrin-specific reteplase exhibited superior lysis efficiency over non-fibrin-specific urokinase with the synergy of the Ultrasound Needle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yiyi Liao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Luhua Bai
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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Huang C, He X, Zhang J. Cavitation pit evolution process of epoxy and polyurea coatings on mortar substrates. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 104:106813. [PMID: 38382395 PMCID: PMC10884976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on unraveling the failure mechanisms of three distinct polymer-coating structures applied to mortar substrates: an epoxy coating (MEP1), an epoxy coating with an intermediate epoxy mortar layer (MEP2), and a polyurea coating with an intermediate epoxy mortar layer (MPU). Ultrasonic cavitation experiments are conducted to investigate the initial stages of cavitation erosion. The damaged surfaces of these three coating structures are meticulously investigated and characterized. An in-depth analysis is performed on the distribution characteristics of cavitation pits and the evolutionary patterns of these pits. The results indicate that the introduction of epoxy mortar as an intermediate layer significantly enhances the material's cavitation resistance by improving its energy absorption capacity. This enhancement delays the formation of cavitation pits on the coating surface. Additionally, the superior adhesive properties of the intermediate epoxy mortar with the mortar substrate prevent direct cavitation erosion from forming on the substrate, even when brittleness failure occurs and coating erosion is observed on the surface epoxy polymer. The polyurea coatings demonstrate exceptional elastic-plastic deformation capabilities. When combined with the intermediate epoxy mortar layer, MPU can withstand prolonged and repetitive cavitation impacts, resulting in minimal coating erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caisheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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4
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Xie X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Shi W, Tang R, Tang Q, Sun S, Wu R, Xu S, Wang M, Liang X, Cui L. Nanomaterials augmented bioeffects of ultrasound in cancer immunotherapy. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100926. [PMID: 38179429 PMCID: PMC10765306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy as a milestone in cancer treatment has made great strides in the past decade, but it is still limited by low immune response rates and immune-related adverse events. Utilizing bioeffects of ultrasound to enhance tumor immunotherapy has attracted more and more attention, including sonothermal, sonomechanical, sonodynamic and sonopiezoelectric immunotherapy. Moreover, the emergence of nanomaterials has further improved the efficacy of ultrasound mediated immunotherapy. However, most of the summaries in this field are about a single aspect of the biological effects of ultrasound, which is not comprehensive and complete currently. This review proposes the recent progress of nanomaterials augmented bioeffects of ultrasound in cancer immunotherapy. The concept of immunotherapy and the application of bioeffects of ultrasound in cancer immunotherapy are initially introduced. Then, according to different bioeffects of ultrasound, the representative paradigms of nanomaterial augmented sono-immunotherapy are described, and their mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the challenges and application prospects of nanomaterial augmented ultrasound mediated cancer immunotherapy are discussed in depth, hoping to pave the way for cancer immunotherapy and promote the clinical translation of ultrasound mediated cancer immunotherapy through the reasonable combination of nanomaterials augmented ultrasonic bioeffects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wanrui Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Qingshuang Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Suhui Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqi Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Mengxin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ligang Cui
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
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5
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An C, Wang T, Wang S, Chen X, Han X, Wu S, Deng Q, Zhao L, Hu N. Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of two-dimensional materials for electrocatalysts. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106503. [PMID: 37393853 PMCID: PMC10316695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Developing green, environmental, sustainable new energy sources is an important problem to be solved in the world. Among the new energy technologies, water splitting system, fuel cell technology and metal-air battery technology are the main energy production and conversion methods, which involve three main electrocatalytic reactions, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The efficiency of the electrocatalytic reaction and the power consumption are very dependent on the activity of the electrocatalysts. Among various electrocatalysts, the two-dimensional (2D) materials have received widespread attention due to multiple advantages, such as their easy availability and low price. What' important is that they have adjustable physical and chemical properties. It is possible to develop them as electrocatalysts to replace the noble metals. Therefore, the design of two-dimensional electrocatalysts is a focus in the research area. Some recent advances in ultrasound-assisted preparation of two-dimensional (2D) materials have been overviewed according to the kind of materials in this review. Firstly, the effect of the ultrasonic cavitation and its applications in the synthesis of inorganic materials are introduced. The ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of representative 2D materials for example transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), graphene, layered double metal hydroxide (LDH), and MXene, and their catalytic properties as electrocatalysts are discussed in detail. For example, the CoMoS4 electrocatalysts have been synthesized through a facile ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal method. The obatined HER and OER overpotential of CoMoS4 electrode is 141 and 250 mV, respectively. This review points out some problems that need to be solved urgently at present, and provides some ideas for designing and constructing two-dimensional materials with better electrocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua An
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province on Scale-span Intelligent Equipment Technology and School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province on Scale-span Intelligent Equipment Technology and School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shikang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province on Scale-span Intelligent Equipment Technology and School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaopeng Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province on Scale-span Intelligent Equipment Technology and School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Qibo Deng
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province on Scale-span Intelligent Equipment Technology and School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; Advanced Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd. of HEBUT, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Libin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province on Scale-span Intelligent Equipment Technology and School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; Advanced Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd. of HEBUT, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province on Scale-span Intelligent Equipment Technology and School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; Advanced Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd. of HEBUT, Tianjin 300401, China.
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Xu N, Yu Y, Zhai W, Wang J, Wei B. A high-temperature acoustic field measurement and analysis system for determining cavitation intensity in ultrasonically solidified metallic alloys. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 94:106343. [PMID: 36858007 PMCID: PMC9989687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A high-temperature acoustic field measurement and analysis system (HTAFS) was self-designed and developed to achieve real-time acoustic field analysis and quantitative cavitation characterization within high-temperature liquids. The acoustic signal was acquired by a high-temperature resistant waveguide and calibrated by separate compensation of line and continuous spectra to eliminate frequency offsets. Moreover, a new method was proposed to derive from the continuous-spectrum sound intensity and line-spectrum sound intensity in the frequency band above 1.5 times the fundamental frequency to characterize the intensity of transient cavitation and stable cavitation. The acoustic field characteristics within solidifying liquid Al-7 %Si alloy were successfully determined by this system. With the increase of ultrasound amplitude, the acoustic pressure in the alloy melt increased to be stable, the transient cavitation intensity first rose and then declined, and the stable cavitation intensity remained unchanged. Combined with the structural evolution of the primary α(Al) phase, the transient cavitation intensity was determined to be the dominant factor for the ultrasound-induced grain refinement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxuan Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyuan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingbo Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, People's Republic of China
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7
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Tang J, Tang J, Li H, Zhou J, Tang N, Zhu Q, Wang X, Zhu B, Li N, Liu Z. Mechanical destruction using a minimally invasive Ultrasound Needle induces anti-tumor immune responses and synergizes with the anti-PD-L1 blockade. Cancer Lett 2023; 554:216009. [PMID: 36400312 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely used in treating various tumors; however, the objective response rate of ICIs is less than 40%. In this study, we attempted to induce anti-tumor immune responses using an improved ultrasonic horn device, Ultrasound Needle (UN). We tested its synergistic anti-tumor efficacy with an anti-PD-L1 antibody in a mouse tumor model. Under different parameters, UN treatment selectively induced mechanical destruction and thermal ablation effects on tumor tissues. The mechanical destruction effect of UN treatment increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in tumors and relieved the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. It also induced systemic anti-tumor immune responses and enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of the anti-PD-L1 antibody in both local and abscopal tumors. The mechanical destruction effect of UN treatment resulted in the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and promoted dendritic cells (DCs)-based antigen presentation. Depletion of DCs or CD8+ T cells eliminated the anti-tumor immune responses induced by UN treatment and weakened the synergistic anti-tumor efficacy with anti-PD-L1 antibody. Therefore, minimally invasive UN may provide a new therapeutic modality for ultrasound-assisted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Najiao Tang
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiong Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, China
| | - Ningshan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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8
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Biasiori-Poulanges L, Bourquard C, Lukić B, Broche L, Supponen O. Synchrotron X-ray imaging of the onset of ultrasonic horn cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 92:106286. [PMID: 36599280 PMCID: PMC9817168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-power ultrasonic horns operating at low frequency are known to generate a cone-shaped cavitation bubble cloud beneath them. The exact physical processes resulting in the conical structure are still unclear mainly due to challenges associated with their visualization. Herein, we address the onset of the cavitation cloud by exploiting high-speed X-ray phase contrast imaging. It reveals that the cone formation is not immediate but results from a three-step phenomenology: (i) inception and oscillation of single bubbles, (ii) individual cloud formation under splitting or lens effects, and (iii) cloud merging leading to the formation of a bubble layer and, eventually, to the cone structure due to the radial pressure gradient on the horn tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Biasiori-Poulanges
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Claire Bourquard
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Villach A-9524, Austria
| | - Bratislav Lukić
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - Ludovic Broche
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - Outi Supponen
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
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Kumar M, Kumar D, Chopra S, Mahmood S, Bhatia A. Microbubbles: Revolutionizing Biomedical Applications with Tailored Therapeutic Precision. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3532-3545. [PMID: 38151837 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128282478231219044000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past ten years, tremendous progress has been made in microbubble-based research for a variety of biological applications. Microbubbles emerged as a compelling and dynamic tool in modern drug delivery systems. They are employed to deliver drugs or genes to targeted regions of interest, and then ultrasound is used to burst the microbubbles, causing site-specific delivery of the bioactive materials. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to review the microbubble compositions and physiochemical characteristics in relation to the development of innovative biomedical applications, with a focus on molecular imaging and targeted drug/gene delivery. METHODS The microbubbles are prepared by using various methods, which include cross-linking polymerization, emulsion solvent evaporation, atomization, and reconstitution. In cross-linking polymerization, a fine foam of the polymer is formed, which serves as a bubble coating agent and colloidal stabilizer, resulting from the vigorous stirring of a polymeric solution. In the case of emulsion solvent evaporation, there are two solutions utilized in the production of microbubbles. In atomization and reconstitution, porous spheres are created by atomising a surfactant solution into a hot gas. They are encapsulated in primary modifier gas. After the addition of the second gas or gas osmotic agent, the package is placed into a vial and sealed after reconstituting with sterile saline solution. RESULTS Microbubble-based drug delivery is an innovative approach in the field of drug delivery that utilizes microbubbles, which are tiny gas-filled bubbles, act as carriers for therapeutic agents. These microbubbles can be loaded with drugs, imaging agents, or genes and then guided to specific target sites. CONCLUSION The potential utility of microbubbles in biomedical applications is continually growing as novel formulations and methods. The versatility of microbubbles allows for customization, tailoring the delivery system to various medical applications, including cancer therapy, cardiovascular treatments, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Devesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Shruti Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Amit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
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Tan WX, Tan KW, Tan KL. Developing high intensity ultrasonic cleaning (HIUC) for post-processing additively manufactured metal components. ULTRASONICS 2022; 126:106829. [PMID: 35998399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The high energy phenomenon of cavitation bubble collapses has enabled numerous applications, including cleaning. In ultrasonic cleaning, cavitation intensity is typically lower than in other applications, such as sonochemistry and material processing. However, there has been an emerging application in intense cleaning of metal additively manufactured (AM) components. The presence of partially melted powders on AM surfaces is undesirable, contributing to high surface roughness and posing contamination risks during usage. We designed a high-intensity cavitation cleaning process that has significantly higher inertial cavitation intensity - i.e., erosion potential - than a conventional ultrasonic cleaning tank. Through acoustic signal characterisation, we showed that placing transducer sets on four sides of the tank could effectively focus and generate high-amplitude pressure waves directed towards the central region. Strong subharmonic signals indicate intensely inertial cavitation throughout the tank. Cavitation intensities were measured at various locations to understand the wave transmission characteristics and distribution patterns. Our results show that the cavitation intensity distribution is highly dependent on the height position. Finally, we demonstrated that the high intensity ultrasonic cleaning (HIUC) process could remove partially melted powders from an AM surface - which was not possible through conventional ultrasonic cleaning. HIUC could lead to higher cleaning efficiency and enhanced AM specimen cleanliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- W X Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - K W Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - K L Tan
- Advanced Remanufacturing and Technology Centre, 3 Cleantech Loop, #01/01 CleanTech Two, Singapore 637143, Singapore.
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Xu B, Feng M, Tiliwa ES, Yan W, Wei B, Zhou C, Ma H, Wang B, Chang L. Multi-frequency power ultrasound green extraction of polyphenols from Pingyin rose: Optimization using the response surface methodology and exploration of the underlying mechanism. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.113037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Tang J, Tang J, Zhu Q, Liao Y, Bai L, Luo T, Feng S, Liu Z. A minimally invasive strategy to evacuate hematoma by synergy of an improved ultrasonic horn with urokinase: an in-vitro study. Med Phys 2022; 49:1333-1343. [PMID: 35018646 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, Ultrasound Needle-an improved minimally invasive ultrasonic horn device was used to explore its potential of synergizing with urokinase in enhancing clots lysis in an in-vitro intracranial hematoma model. MATERIALS AND METHODS 10 ml bovine blood was incubated for 3 h at 37 ℃, and coagulated into clot to mimic intracranial hematoma in-vitro. Ultrasound Needle was an improved ultrasonic horn with a fine tip (1.80 mm) and metallic sheath, and had a frequency of 29.62 kHz. 10000 IU urokinase was injected through the metallic sheath during the vibration of Ultrasound Needle tip to lyse the clots for 8 minutes under different working parameter settings (n = 8) to explore the influence of parameters Amplitude (%) and Duty (%) on clot lysis weight (W0 ). The maximum temperatures were measured by an infrared thermometer during the treatment process. The W0 of different treatment groups (US (Ultrasound Needle), US+NS (normal saline), UK (urokinase), US+UK, n = 8) were compared to verify the synergistic lysis effect of Ultrasound Needle combined with urokinase at optimal working parameters (40% Amplitude, 20% Duty; input power 4.20 W; axial tip-vibration amplitude 69.17 μm). Clots samples after treatment were fixed overnight for macroscopic examination. And fluorescent frozen sections and scanning electron microscopy examination were performed to show microscopic changes in clots and evaluate the cavitation effect of Ultrasound Needle on promoting drug diffusion within the clots. RESULTS The clot lysis weight W0 increased with the parameters Amplitude (%) and Duty (%), reached a peak (2.435±0.137 g) at 40% Amplitude and 20% Duty (input power 4.20 W), and then decreased. Higher Amplitude (%) and Duty (%) led to higher maximum temperature, and W0 was negatively correlated with the maximum temperature after the peak (r = -0.958). At the optimal parameter setting, the maximum temperature was 33.8±0.9 ℃, and the W0 of the US+UK group was more than 4 times of UK alone group (2.435±0.137 g vs 0.607±0.185 g). Fluorescent frozen sections confirmed that the ultrasound energy of Ultrasound Needle could mechanically damage the clot tissues and promote the intra-clots drug diffusion. Macroscopic examination showed that US+UK group caused larger clots lysis area than UK alone group (2.08 cm2 vs 0.65 cm2 ). In addition, electron microscopy examination exhibited that the fibrin filaments of the clots in US+UK group were lysed more thoroughly compared to single treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound Needle, an improved ultrasonic horn device, can mechanically damage the clot tissues and exhibit an excellent synergistic lysis effect with thrombolytic drugs. Therefore, Ultrasound Needle has great potential in providing a new minimally invasive strategy for rapid intracranial hematoma evacuation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiawei Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyi Liao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luhua Bai
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Wu P, Wang X, Lin W, Bai L. Acoustic characterization of cavitation intensity: A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105878. [PMID: 34929549 PMCID: PMC8799601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation intensity is used to describe the activity of cavitation, and several methods are developed to identify the intensity of cavitation. This work aimed to provide an overview and discussion of the several existing characterization methods for cavitation intensity, three acoustic approaches for charactering cavitation were discussed in detail. It was showed that cavitation noise spectrum is too complex and there are some differences and disputes on the characterization of cavitation intensity by cavitation noise. In this review, we recommended a total cavitation noise intensity estimated via the integration of real cavitation noise spectrum over full frequency domain instead of artificially adding inaccurate filtering processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Zhang L, Wang X, Hu Y, Abiola Fakayode O, Ma H, Zhou C, Hu Z, Xia A, Li Q. Dual-frequency multi-angle ultrasonic processing technology and its real-time monitoring on physicochemical properties of raw soymilk and soybean protein. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 80:105803. [PMID: 34689067 PMCID: PMC8551839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To improve the soybean protein content (SPC), flavor and quality of soymilk, the effects of dual-frequency ultrasound at different angles (40 + 20 kHz 0°, 40 + 20 kHz 30°, 40 + 20 kHz 45°) on physicochemical properties and soybean protein (SP) structure of raw soymilk were mainly studied and compared with the conventional single-frequency (40 kHz, 20 kHz) ultrasound. Furthermore, the intensity of the ultrasonic field in real-time was monitored via the oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer. The results showed that 40 + 20 kHz 45° treatment significantly increased SPC. The ultrasonic field intensity of 40 + 20 kHz 0° treatment was the largest (8.727 × 104 W/m2) and its distribution was the most uniform. The emulsifying stability of SP reached the peak value (233.80 min), and SP also had the largest particle size and excellent thermal stability. The protein solubility of 40 + 20 kHz 30° treatment attained peak value of 87.09%. 20 kHz treatment significantly affected the flavor of okara. The whiteness and brightness of raw soymilk treated with 40 kHz were the highest and the system was stable. Hence, the action mode of ultrasonic technology can be deeply explored and the feasibility for improving the quality of soymilk can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Olugbenga Abiola Fakayode
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo 520001, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhenyuan Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Aiming Xia
- Zhenjiang New Mill Bean Industry Co. LTD, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Qun Li
- Zhenjiang New Mill Bean Industry Co. LTD, Zhenjiang 212000, China
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15
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Priyadarshi A, Khavari M, Subroto T, Prentice P, Pericleous K, Eskin D, Durodola J, Tzanakis I. Mechanisms of ultrasonic de-agglomeration of oxides through in-situ high-speed observations and acoustic measurements. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 79:105792. [PMID: 34666238 PMCID: PMC8524947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic de-agglomeration and dispersion of oxides is important for a range of applications. In particular, in liquid metal, this is one of the ways to produce metal-matrix composites reinforced with micron and nano sized particles. The associated mechanism through which the de-agglomeration occurs has, however, only been conceptualized theoretically and not yet been validated with experimental observations. In this paper, the influence of ultrasonic cavitation on SiO2 and MgO agglomerates (commonly found in lightweight alloys as reinforcements) with individual particle sizes ranging between 0.5 and 10 μm was observed for the first time in-situ using high-speed imaging. Owing to the opacity of liquid metals, a de-agglomeration imaging experiment was carried out in de-ionised water with sequences captured at frame rates up to 50 kfps. In-situ observations were further accompanied by synchronised acoustic measurements using an advanced calibrated cavitometer, to reveal the effect of pressure amplitude arising from oscillating microbubbles on oxide de-agglomeration. Results showed that ultrasound-induced microbubble clusters pulsating chaotically, were predominantly responsible for the breakage and dispersion of oxide agglomerates. Such oscillating cavitation clusters were seen to capture the floating agglomerates resulting in their immediate disintegration. De-agglomeration of oxides occurred from both the surface and within the bulk of the aggregate. Microbubble clusters oscillating with associated emission frequencies at the subharmonic, 1st harmonic and low order ultra-harmonics of the driving frequency were deemed responsible for the breakage of the agglomerates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Priyadarshi
- Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX33 1HX, United Kingdom.
| | - Mohammad Khavari
- Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX33 1HX, United Kingdom
| | - Tungky Subroto
- Brunel Centre for Advance Solidification Technology (BCAST), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Prentice
- Cavitation Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Koulis Pericleous
- Computational Science and Engineering Group (CSEG), Department of Mathematics, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Eskin
- Brunel Centre for Advance Solidification Technology (BCAST), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - John Durodola
- Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX33 1HX, United Kingdom
| | - Iakovos Tzanakis
- Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX33 1HX, United Kingdom; Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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16
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Ye Y, Liang Y, Dong C, Bu Z, Li G, Zheng Y. Numerical modeling of ultrasonic cavitation by dividing coated microbubbles into groups. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105736. [PMID: 34500314 PMCID: PMC8430393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous cavitation models usually use an average radius to predict the dynamics of all bubbles. However, bubbles with different sizes may have quite different dynamic characteristics. In this study, the bubbles are divided into several groups by size, and the volume-weighted average radius is used to separately calculate the dynamics of each group using a modified bubble dynamics equation. In the validation part, the oscillations of bubbles with two sizes are simulated by dividing them into 2 groups. Comparing with the predictions by the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, the bubble dynamics of each size are precisely predicted by the proposed model. Then coated microbubbles with numerous sizes are divided into several groups in equal quantity, and the influence of the group number is analyzed. For bubble oscillations at f = 0.1 MHz and 1 MHz without ruptures, the oscillation amplitude is obviously under-estimated by the 1-group model, while they are close to each other after the group number increases to 9. For bubble ruptures triggered by Gaussian pulses, the predictions are close to each other when more than 5 groups are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Ye
- Department of Energy and Environment System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yangyang Liang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Cong Dong
- Department of Energy and Environment System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhongming Bu
- Department of Energy and Environment System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Guoneng Li
- Department of Energy and Environment System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Youqu Zheng
- Department of Energy and Environment System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
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17
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Gao H, Pei K, Lei D, Hu G, Chao Y, Meng A, Wang H, Shentu W. Ultrasonic cavitation in CO 2-expanded N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105713. [PMID: 34399130 PMCID: PMC8369071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the tunability in mass transfer, solvation and solubility, gas-expanded liquids show advantages over traditional organic solvents in many characteristics. Ultrasonication is a commonly used method to promote heat and mass transfer. The introduction of ultrasonic technology into the gas-expanded liquid system can promote the polymerization of polymer monomers, enhance extraction efficiency, and control the growth size of nanocrystals, etc. Although acoustic cavitation has been extensively explored in aqueous solutions, there are still few studies on cavitation in organic liquids, especially in gas-expanded liquid systems. In this article, the development of cavitation bubble cloud structure in CO2-expanded N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was observed by a high-speed camera, and the cavitation intensity was recorded using a spherical hydrophone. It was found that the magnitude of the transient cavitation energy was not only related to input power, but also closely related to CO2 content. The combination of ultrasound (causing a rapid alternation of gas solubility) and gas-expanded liquid system (causing a decrease in viscosity and surface tension of liquids) is expected to provide a perfect platform for high-speed mass transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Kunkun Pei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Lei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guoxin Hu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aihua Meng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Shentu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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18
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Pandit AV, Sarvothaman VP, Ranade VV. Estimation of chemical and physical effects of cavitation by analysis of cavitating single bubble dynamics. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 77:105677. [PMID: 34332329 PMCID: PMC8339230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation events create extreme conditions in a localized 'bubble collapse' region, leading to the formation of hydroxyl radicals, shockwaves and microscopic high-speed jets, which are useful for many chemical and physical transformation processes. Single bubble dynamics equations have been used previously to investigate the chemical and physical effects of cavitation. In the present study, the state of the art of the single bubble dynamics equations was reviewed and certain noteworthy modifications were implemented. Simulations reaffirmed previously reported collapse temperatures of the order ~5,000 K and collapse pressures well over ~1,000 bar under varying operating conditions. The chemical effects were assessed in terms of the hydroxyl radical generation rate (OHG), calculated by applying the minimization of the Gibb's Free Energy method using simulated collapse conditions. OHG values as high as 1x1012OH molecules per collapse event were found under certain operating conditions. A new equation was proposed to assess the physical effects, in terms of the impact pressure of the water jet - termed as the jet hammer pressure (JHP), formed due to the asymmetrical collapse of a bubble near a wall. The predicted JHP were found to be within a range of ~100 to 1000 bar under varying operating conditions. Important issues such as the onset of cavitation and chaotic solutions, for a cavitating single bubble dynamics were discussed. The Blake threshold pressure was found to be a sufficient criterion to capture the onset of cavitation. The impact of key operating parameters on the chemical and physical effects of cavitation were investigated exhaustively through simulations, over the parameter ranges relevant to acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation processes. Presented methodology and results will be useful for optimisation and further investigations of a broad range of acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya V Pandit
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Vivek V Ranade
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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19
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Jangjou A, Meisami AH, Jamali K, Niakan MH, Abbasi M, Shafiee M, Salehi M, Hosseinzadeh A, Amani AM, Vaez A. The promising shadow of microbubble over medical sciences: from fighting wide scope of prevalence disease to cancer eradication. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:49. [PMID: 34154581 PMCID: PMC8215828 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbubbles are typically 0.5-10 μm in size. Their size tends to make it easier for medication delivery mechanisms to navigate the body by allowing them to be swallowed more easily. The gas included in the microbubble is surrounded by a membrane that may consist of biocompatible biopolymers, polymers, surfactants, proteins, lipids, or a combination thereof. One of the most effective implementation techniques for tiny bubbles is to apply them as a drug carrier that has the potential to activate ultrasound (US); this allows the drug to be released by US. Microbubbles are often designed to preserve and secure medicines or substances before they have reached a certain area of concern and, finally, US is used to disintegrate microbubbles, triggering site-specific leakage/release of biologically active drugs. They have excellent therapeutic potential in a wide range of common diseases. In this article, we discussed microbubbles and their advantageous medicinal uses in the treatment of certain prevalent disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetic condition, renal defects, and finally, their use in the treatment of various forms of cancer as well as their incorporation with nanoparticles. Using microbubble technology as a novel carrier, the ability to prevent and eradicate prevalent diseases has strengthened the promise of effective care to improve patient well-being and life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jangjou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Meisami
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kazem Jamali
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Niakan
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Abbasi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Shafiee
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseinzadeh
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Yusuf L, Symes MD, Prentice P. Characterising the cavitation activity generated by an ultrasonic horn at varying tip-vibration amplitudes. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105273. [PMID: 32795929 PMCID: PMC7786551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dual-perspective high-speed imaging and acoustic detection is used to characterise cavitation activity at the tip of a commercial 20 kHz (f0) ultrasonic horn, over 2 s sonications across the range of input powers available (20 - 100%). Imaging at 1 × 105 frames per second (fps) captures cavitation-bubble cluster oscillation at the horn-tip for the duration of the sonication. Shadowgraphic imaging at 2 Mfps, from an orthogonal perspective, probes cluster collapse and shock wave generation at higher temporal resolution, facilitating direct correlation of features within the acoustic emission data generated by the bubble activity. f0/m subharmonic collapses of the primary cavitation cluster directly beneath the tip, with m increasing through integer values at increasing input powers, are studied. Shock waves generated by periodic primary cluster collapses dominate the non-linear emissions of the cavitation noise spectra. Transitional input powers for which the value of m is indistinct, are identified. Overall shock wave content within the emission signals collected during sonications at transitional input powers are reduced, relative to input powers with distinct m. The findings are relevant for the optimisation of applications such as sonochemistry, known to be mediated by bubble collapse phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman Yusuf
- Cavitation Laboratory, Centre for Medical and Industrial Ultrasonics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Symes
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Prentice
- Cavitation Laboratory, Centre for Medical and Industrial Ultrasonics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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21
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A Novel Ultrasonic Cleaning Tank Developed by Harmonic Response Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The manufacturer of an ultrasonic cleaning tank (UCT) received advise from a customer to seek the cause to why the UCT could not clean their products effectively and develop a novel UCT to replace the conventional model. This UCT had a capacity of 10 L, a frequency of 28 kHz, four horn transducers, and a total power of 200 W. To resolve that problem and respond to customers’ needs, we presented new methods to develop the UCT using the harmonic response analysis (HRA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the cleaning process which occurred within the UCT based on the actual conditions. Results from the HRA showed that the acoustic pressure in a problematic UCT was low, resulting in a smaller cleaning area, which was consistent with the results from the foil corrosion test, and thus caused the cleaning process to be ineffective. We developed a novel UCT with improved effectiveness by adjusting the design and adding a water circulation system. From the HRA, we were able to design the dimensions of the UTC and position of the transducer to be suitable to increase the acoustic pressure and cleaning area. CFD results enabled us to design proper inlet and outlet shapes, as well as simulate the water flow behavior to find the optimal cleaning condition so the novel UCT had a water circulation system that could eliminate the excess particles.
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