1
|
Ibrahim I, Abdelhamed H, Baumgartner W, Wills RW, Awadin W, Elbegawy M, Lawrence ML, Karsi A. Pathological and Ultrastructural Characterization of an Edwardsiella ictaluri Triple hemR Mutant. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2022; 34:116-133. [PMID: 35590426 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enteric septicemia of catfish, which is caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri, is detrimental to farmed Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The hemin receptor HemR is involved in binding and uptake of heme into bacteria. Here, we explored pathological and ultrastructural changes in catfish fry that were immunized with a triple hemR mutant of E. ictaluri and challenged with wild-type E. ictaluri (EiWT) 28 d after immunization. Following immunization, pathological changes in the triple hemR-immunized fry were less severe compared to the EiWT-exposed control fry. Widely disseminated bacteria and severe necrosis in most organs, especially the kidney and spleen, were detected in both groups at days 4, 5, and 6. Multifocal granulomatous encephalitis with bacteria was seen in hemR-immunized fry at days 21 and 28 and in EiWT-exposed control fry at day 14. Phagocytic cells in the kidney and spleen of EiWT-exposed control fry contained more replicating bacteria compared to hemR-immunized fry. During the EiWT challenge of immunized fry, a robust immune response was observed in the triple hemR-immunized fry compared to the sham-vaccinated group. Many activated phagocytic cells were detected in the kidney and spleen with fragmented or no bacteria in the triple hemR-immunized fry. Our data suggested that virulence of triple hemR was lower and the onset of the lesions was delayed compared to EiWT. Additionally, triple hemR-immunized fry could mount an immune response and had milder lesions compared to the sham control after EiWT exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hossam Abdelhamed
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Wes Baumgartner
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Robert W Wills
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Walaa Awadin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elbegawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benisuef University, Benisuef, Egypt
| | - Mark L Lawrence
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Attila Karsi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shao W, Sun J, Zhang X, Chen C. Amino Acid Polymorphism in Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit C Involved in Biological Fitness of Botrytis cinerea. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:580-589. [PMID: 31922928 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-19-0187-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an important respiratory enzyme which participates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. A previous study of the baseline sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea against SDH inhibitors (SDHIs) showed that intrinsic sensitivity of the small population against the SDHIs exhibited significant differences. In the sequencing assay, we found five kinds of amino acid polymorphism in SDH subunit C (SdhC) of B. cinerea isolates which were never exposed to the SDHIs. To validate that amino acid polymorphism in the SdhC of B. cinerea confers intrinsic sensitivity against the SDHIs, the replacement mutants containing each kind of amino acid polymorphism of SdhC exhibited phenotype differences in intrinsic sensitivity to SDHIs, mycelial growth, sporulation, virulence, oxidative stress response, and carbon source utilization. These results indicated that SdhC of B. cinerea experienced positive selection during evolution and resulted in amino acid polymorphism which is involved in intrinsic sensitivity to SDHIs and biological fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Shao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jingtao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye JZ, Lin XM, Cheng ZX, Su YB, Li WX, Ali FM, Zheng J, Peng B. Identification and efficacy of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism in potentiating kanamycin-mediated killing of Edwardsiella piscicida. J Proteomics 2018; 183:34-44. [PMID: 29753025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that glucose potentiated kanamycin to kill multidrug-resistant Edwardsiella piscicida through activation of the TCA cycle. However, whether other regulatory mechanism is involved requires further investigation. By quantitative proteomics technology, iTRAQ, we systematically mapped the altered proteins in the presence of glucose and identified 94 differentially expressed proteins. The analysis of the altered proteins by pathways, amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism were enriched. And the most significantly altered eight amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, serine and threonine were investigated for their potentiation of kanamycin to kill EIB202, where glycine, serine and threonine showed the strongest efficacy than the others. The combinations of glycine and serine or glucose with glycine, serine or threonine had the best effects. Moreover, pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were increased as well as the proton motive force (PMF) and intracellular kanamycin. Finally, inhibitors that disrupt PMF production abolished the potentiation. These results shed light on the mechanism of how glucose promoting the amino acids biosynthesis and metabolism to potentiate kanamycin to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria. More importantly, our results suggested that adjusting amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism might be a strategy to become phenotypic resistance to antibiotics in bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE Tackling antibiotic resistance is an emerging issue in current years. Despite the efforts made toward developing new antibiotics, the progress is still lagged behind expectation. Novel strategies are required. The use of metabolite to revert antibiotic resistant is highly appreciated in recent years due to the less toxicity, more economic and high efficacy. As a continued study of our previous report on glucose potentiating kanamycin to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The current study further expands the previous discovery on the mechanism of how glucose potentiate this effect. This result provides more basis on the action of glucose in reverting antibiotic resistance. And more importantly, we may derive more metabolites other than glucose to manage antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhou Ye
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiang-Min Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory, Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China
| | - Zhi-Xue Cheng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Bin Su
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wan-Xin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory, Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China
| | - Far-Man Ali
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory, Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdelhamed H, Ibrahim I, Baumgartner W, Lawrence ML, Karsi A. The virulence and immune protection of Edwardsiella ictaluri HemR mutants in catfish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:153-160. [PMID: 29097322 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular rod, causing enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Several heme uptake systems have been described in bacterial pathogens, most of which involve outer membrane proteins (OMPs). We have shown recently that heme/hemoglobin receptor family protein (HemR) is significantly up-regulated in E. ictaluri under iron-restricted conditions. In this work, our goal was to construct E. ictaluri HemR mutants and assess their virulence and immune protection potentials in catfish. To accomplish this, an in-frame deletion mutant (EiΔhemR) was constructed, and its virulence and immune protection were determined in catfish fingerlings and fry. The results indicated that the EiΔhemR was attenuated completely in catfish fingerlings, but it was virulent in 14 day-old catfish fry. To increase the attenuation of EiΔhemR in fry, we introduced frdA and sdhC gene deletions to the mutant, yielding two double (EiΔhemRΔfrdA and EiΔhemRΔsdhC) and one triple (EiΔhemRΔfrdAΔsdhC) mutants. Results indicated that two double HemR mutants did not exhibit increased attenuation, but the triple HemR mutant showed significantly less virulence and high protection in fry (p < 0.05). Histological examination of fry tissues vaccinated with the triple mutant displayed similar inflammation to that of wild-type infected fry, but much less necrosis and far fewer bacteria were observed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) result indicated fewer numbers of bacteria around blood vessel and in the hematopoietic tissue in fry infected with triple mutant compared to control group infected with E. ictaluri wild-type. Our data indicated that EiΔhemR was safe and protective in catfish fingerlings, while EiΔhemRΔfrdAΔsdhC was much safer in catfish fry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Abdelhamed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Iman Ibrahim
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt
| | - Wes Baumgartner
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Mark L Lawrence
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Attila Karsi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng ZX, Gong QY, Wang Z, Chen ZG, Ye JZ, Li J, Wang J, Yang MJ, Ling XP, Peng B. Edwardsiella tarda Tunes Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle to Evade Complement-Mediated Killing. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1706. [PMID: 29270172 PMCID: PMC5725468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion of complement-mediated killing is a common phenotype for many different types of pathogens, but the mechanism is still poorly understood. Most of the clinic isolates of Edwardsiella tarda, an important pathogen infecting both of human and fish, are commonly found serum-resistant. To explore the potential mechanisms, we applied gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics approaches to profile the metabolomes of E. tarda EIB202 in the presence or absence of serum stress. We found that tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was greatly enhanced in the presence of serum. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme activity assays validated this result. Furthermore, exogenous succinate that promotes the TCA cycle increased serum resistance, while TCA cycle inhibitors (bromopyruvate and propanedioic acid) that inhibit TCA cycle, attenuated serum resistance. Moreover, the enhanced TCA cycle increased membrane potential, thus decreased the formation of membrane attack complex at cell surface, resulting serum resistance. These evidences suggested a previously unknown membrane potential-dependent mechanism of serum resistance. Therefore, our findings reveal that pathogen mounts a metabolic trick to cope with the serum complement-mediated killing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xue Cheng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yang Gong
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Ye
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man-Jun Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Ling
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mou X, Spinard EJ, Hillman SL, Nelson DR. Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation in Vibrio anguillarum results in virulence attenuation and immunoprotection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:217. [PMID: 29137620 PMCID: PMC5686843 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio anguillarum is an extracellular bacterial pathogen that is a causative agent of vibriosis in finfish and crustaceans with mortality rates ranging from 30% to 100%. Mutations in central metabolism (glycolysis and the TCA cycle) of intracellular pathogens often result in attenuated virulence due to depletion of required metabolic intermediates; however, it was not known whether mutations in central metabolism would affect virulence in an extracellular pathogen such as V. anguillarum. Results Seven central metabolism mutants were created and characterized with regard to growth in minimal and complex media, expression of virulence genes, and virulence in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Only the isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd) mutant was attenuated in virulence against rainbow trout challenged by either intraperitoneal injection or immersion. Further, the icd mutant was shown to be immunoprotective against wild type V. anguillarum infection. There was no significant decrease in the expression of the three hemolysin genes detected by qRT-PCR. Additionally, only the icd mutant exhibited a significantly decreased growth yield in complex media. Growth yield was directly related to the abundance of glutamate. A strain with a restored wild type icd gene was created and shown to restore growth to a wild type cell density in complex media and pathogenicity in rainbow trout. Conclusions The data strongly suggest that a decreased growth yield, resulting from the inability to synthesize α-ketoglutarate, caused the attenuation despite normal levels of expression of virulence genes. Therefore, the ability of an extracellular pathogen to cause disease is dependent upon the availability of host-supplied nutrients for growth. Additionally, a live vaccine strain could be created from an icd deletion strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-017-1124-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Mou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.,Present Address: Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne St, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Edward J Spinard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Shelby L Hillman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nho SW, Abdelhamed H, Karsi A, Lawrence ML. Improving safety of a live attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine against enteric septicemia of catfish and evaluation of efficacy. Vet Microbiol 2017; 210:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|