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Plasmodium berghei Purified Hemozoin Associated with DNA Strongly Inhibits P. berghei Liver-Stage Development in BALB/c Mice after Intravenous Inoculation. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0030422. [PMID: 36622216 PMCID: PMC9872621 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00304-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the acidic lysosome-like digestive vacuole, Plasmodium parasites crystallize heme from hemoglobin into hemozoin, or malaria pigment. Upon release of progeny merozoites, the residual hemozoin is phagocytized by macrophages principally in the liver and spleen where the heme crystals can persist for months to years, as heme oxygenase does not readily degrade the crystal. Previous studies demonstrated hemozoin modulation of monocytes and macrophages. Hemozoin modulates immune function activity of monocytes/macrophages. Here, we used purified/washed hemozoin (W-Hz) isolated from murine Plasmodium berghei infections and intravenously (i.v.) injected it back into naive mice. We characterized the modulating effect of W-Hz on liver-stage replication. Purified washed hemozoin decreases P. berghei liver levels both at 1 week and 1 month after i.v. injection in a dose and time dependent fashion. The injected hemozoin fully protected in nine out of 10 mice given a 50 sporozoite inoculum, and in 10 out of 10 mice against 2,000 sporozoites when they were infected an hour or a day after hemozoin inoculation. DNase treatment at the hemozoin reversed the observed liver load reduction. The liver load reduction was similar in mature B- and T-cell-deficient RAG-1 knockout (KO) mice suggesting an innate immune protection mechanism. This work indicates a role for residual hemozoin in down modulation of Plasmodium liver stages.
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2
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Feng H, Sun R, Song G, Zhu S, Nie Z, Lin L, Yi R, Wu S, Wang G, He Y, Wang S, Wang P, Wu L, Shu J. A Glycolipid α-GalCer Derivative, 7DW8-5 as a Novel Mucosal Adjuvant for the Split Inactivated Influenza Vaccine. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061174. [PMID: 35746644 PMCID: PMC9230830 DOI: 10.3390/v14061174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infects the host and transmits through the respiratory tract (i.e., the mouth and nose); therefore, the development of intranasal influenza vaccines that mimic the natural infection, coupled with an efficient mucosal adjuvant, is an attractive alternative to current parenteral vaccines. However, with the withdrawal of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile endotoxin from clinical use due to side effects, there are no approved adjuvants for intranasal vaccines. Therefore, safe and effective mucosal adjuvants are urgently needed. Previously, we reported that one derivative of α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), 7DW8-5, could enhance the protective efficacy of split influenza vaccine by injection administration. However, the mucosal adjuvanticity of 7DW8-5 is still unclear. In this study, we found that 7DW8-5 promotes the production of secret IgA antibodies and IgG antibodies and enhances the protective efficacy of the split influenza vaccine by intranasal administration. Furthermore, co-administration of 7DW8-5 with the split influenza vaccine significantly reduces the virus shedding in the upper and lower respiratory tract after lethal challenge. Our results demonstrate that 7DW8-5 is a novel mucosal adjuvant for the split influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Feng
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (L.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Ruolin Sun
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Guanru Song
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Shunfan Zhu
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Zhenyu Nie
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Liming Lin
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Ruonan Yi
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Shixiang Wu
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Genzhu Wang
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Siquan Wang
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (L.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianhong Shu
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.S.); (G.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.N.); (L.L.); (R.Y.); (S.W.); (G.W.); (Y.H.); (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (L.W.); (J.S.)
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3
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Boravleva EY, Lunitsin AV, Kaplun AP, Bykova NV, Krasilnikov IV, Gambaryan AS. Immune Response and Protective Efficacy of Inactivated and Live Influenza Vaccines Against Homologous and Heterosubtypic Challenge. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:553-566. [PMID: 32571185 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920050041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inactivated (whole-virion, split, subunit, and adjuvanted) vaccines and live attenuated vaccine were tested in parallel to compare their immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Homologous and heterosubtypic protection against the challenge with influenza H5N1 and H1N1 viruses in a mouse model were studied. Single immunization with live or inactivated whole-virion H5N1 vaccine elicited a high level of serum antibodies and provided complete protection against the challenge with the lethal A/Chicken/Kurgan/3/05 (H5N1) virus, whereas application of a single dose of the split vaccine was much less effective. Adjuvants increased the antibody levels. Addition of the Iso-SANP adjuvant to the split vaccine led to a paradoxical outcome: it increased the antibody levels but reduced the protective effect of the vaccine. All tested adjuvants shifted the ratio between IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies. Immunization with any of the tested heterosubtypic live viruses provided partial protection against the H5N1 challenge and significantly reduced mouse mortality, while inactivated H1N1 vaccine offered no protection at all. More severe course of illness and earlier death were observed in mice after immunization with adjuvanted subunit vaccines followed by the challenge with the heterosubtypic virus compared to challenged unvaccinated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Boravleva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 108819, Russia
| | - A V Lunitsin
- FSBSI Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Volginsky, Vladimir Region, 601125, Russia
| | - A P Kaplun
- Lomonosov Moscow University of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow, 119571, Russia
| | - N V Bykova
- Lomonosov Moscow University of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow, 119571, Russia
| | - I V Krasilnikov
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Vaccines and Sera, FMBA, St.-Petersburg, 198320, Russia
| | - A S Gambaryan
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 108819, Russia.
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4
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Identification of Novel Adjuvants for Ebola Virus-Like Particle Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020215. [PMID: 32397625 PMCID: PMC7349346 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease is a severe disease, often fatal, with a mortality rate of up to 90%. Presently, effective treatment and safe prevention options for Ebola virus disease are not available. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop control measures to prevent or limit future Ebola virus outbreaks. Ebola virus protein-based virus-like particle (VLP) and inactivated whole virion vaccines have demonstrated efficacy in animal models, and the addition of appropriate adjuvants may provide additional benefits to these vaccines, including enhanced immune responses. In this study, we screened 24 compounds from injectable excipients approved for human use in Japan and identified six compounds that significantly enhanced the humoral response to Ebola VLP vaccine in a murine model. Our novel adjuvant candidates for Ebola VLP vaccine have already been demonstrated to be safe when administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, and therefore, they are closer to clinical trials than adjuvants whose safety profiles are unknown.
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5
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Feng H, Yamashita M, Wu L, Jose da Silva Lopes T, Watanabe T, Kawaoka Y. Food Additives as Novel Influenza Vaccine Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E127. [PMID: 31554190 PMCID: PMC6963695 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major threat to public health. Vaccination is an effective strategy to control influenza; however, the current inactivated influenza vaccine has mild immunogenicity and exhibits suboptimal efficacy in clinical use. Vaccine efficacy can be improved by the addition of adjuvants, but few adjuvants have been approved for human use. To explore novel and effective adjuvants for influenza vaccines, here we screened 145 compounds from food additives approved in Japan. Of these 145 candidates, we identified 41 compounds that enhanced the efficacy of the split influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine against lethal virus challenge in a mouse model. These 41 compounds included 18 novel adjuvant candidates and 15 compounds with previously reported adjuvant effects for other antigens but not for the influenza vaccine. Our results are of value to the development of novel and effective adjuvanted influenza or other vaccines for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Feng
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Li Wu
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Tiago Jose da Silva Lopes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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6
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Feng H, Nakajima N, Wu L, Yamashita M, Lopes TJS, Tsuji M, Hasegawa H, Watanabe T, Kawaoka Y. A Glycolipid Adjuvant, 7DW8-5, Enhances the Protective Immune Response to the Current Split Influenza Vaccine in Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2157. [PMID: 31620111 PMCID: PMC6759631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective strategy to control influenza disease. Adjuvants enhance the efficacy of vaccines, but few adjuvants are approved for human use, so novel, safe, and effective adjuvants are urgently needed. The glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 has shown adjuvanticity to malaria vaccine; however, its adjuvant effect for seasonal influenza vaccine remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the adjuvanticity of 7DW8-5 to a quadrivalent split influenza vaccine in a mouse model. 7DW8-5 significantly enhanced virus-specific antibody production when administrated with influenza vaccine compared with that of vaccine alone; 10 μg of 7DW8-5 induced similar antibody levels to those induced by alum. Mouse body weight loss was reduced and, notably, the survival rate was increased in the vaccine plus 7DW8-5 group compared with that in the vaccine plus alum group. Our results indicate that the glycolipid 7DW8-5 is a promising adjuvant for influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Feng
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, The National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Li Wu
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tiago J S Lopes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, The National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Lee MSJ, Natsume-Kitatani Y, Temizoz B, Fujita Y, Konishi A, Matsuda K, Igari Y, Tsukui T, Kobiyama K, Kuroda E, Onishi M, Marichal T, Ise W, Inoue T, Kurosaki T, Mizuguchi K, Akira S, Ishii KJ, Coban C. B cell-intrinsic MyD88 signaling controls IFN-γ-mediated early IgG2c class switching in mice in response to a particulate adjuvant. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1433-1440. [PMID: 31087643 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants improve the potency of vaccines, but the modes of action (MOAs) of most adjuvants are largely unknown. TLR-dependent and -independent innate immune signaling through the adaptor molecule MyD88 has been shown to be pivotal to the effects of most adjuvants; however, MyD88's involvement in the TLR-independent MOAs of adjuvants is poorly understood. Here, using the T-dependent antigen NIPOVA and a unique particulate adjuvant called synthetic hemozoin (sHZ), we show that MyD88 is required for early GC formation and enhanced antibody class-switch recombination (CSR) in mice. Using cell-type-specific MyD88 KO mice, we found that IgG2c class switching, but not IgG1 class switching, was controlled by B cell-intrinsic MyD88 signaling. Notably, IFN-γ produced by various cells including T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells was the primary cytokine for IgG2c CSR and B-cell intrinsic MyD88 is required for IFN-γ production. Moreover, IFN-γ receptor (IFNγR) deficiency abolished sHZ-induced IgG2c production, while recombinant IFN-γ administration successfully rescued IgG2c CSR impairment in mice lacking B-cell intrinsic MyD88. Together, our results show that B cell-intrinsic MyD88 signaling is involved in the MOA of certain particulate adjuvants and this may enhance our specific understanding of how adjuvants and vaccines work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sue Jann Lee
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yayoi Natsume-Kitatani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Burcu Temizoz
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujita
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aki Konishi
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Matsuda
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Igari
- ZENOAQ, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co. Ltd., Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tsukui
- ZENOAQ, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co. Ltd., Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Onishi
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Wataru Ise
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Cevayir Coban
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Feng H, Yamashita M, da Silva Lopes TJ, Watanabe T, Kawaoka Y. Injectable Excipients as Novel Influenza Vaccine Adjuvants. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:19. [PMID: 30733711 PMCID: PMC6353828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza outbreaks can be either seasonal or pandemic. Vaccination is an effective strategy to control influenza; however, the efficacy of the currently available inactivated influenza virus vaccines is suboptimal, especially in the elderly. Vaccine efficacy can be improved by the addition of adjuvants, but few adjuvants have been approved for human vaccines. To explore novel, safe, and effective adjuvants for influenza vaccines, here we used a mouse model to screen 46 injectable drug additives approved in Japan. Of these 46 candidates, we identified 20 compounds that enhanced the efficacy of the split influenza HA vaccine against lethal virus challenge. These 20 compounds included 15 novel adjuvant candidates and 5 compounds with previously reported adjuvant effects for other antigens but not for influenza vaccine. Given that these additives are already approved for human use, the hurdle for their clinical use as novel and effective adjuvants for influenza or other vaccines is lower than for other adjuvant candidates whose safety profiles are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Feng
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tiago Jose da Silva Lopes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Hoshi K, Yamazaki T, Yoshikawa C, Tsugawa W, Ikebukuro K, Sode K. Synthesis of a hemin-containing copolymer as a novel immunostimulator that induces IFN-gamma production. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4461-4472. [PMID: 30122920 PMCID: PMC6080671 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s166259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemozoin, a chemical analog of a malarial pigment, is a crystal composed of heme dimers that can act as a potent Th1-type adjuvant, which strongly induces antibody production. However, the clinical applications of malarial hemozoin have limitations due to biosafety concerns and difficulties in the manufacturing process. Based on the premise that an analog of the heme polymer might display immunostimulatory effects, a hemin-containing polymer was developed as a novel immunostimulator. Materials and methods To synthesize the copolymer containing hemin and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), this study employed a conventional radical polymerization method using 2,2′-azodiisobutyronitrile as the radical initiator; the synthesized copolymer was designated as NIPAM-hemin. Results NIPAM-hemin was soluble and showed no cytotoxicity in vitro. The NIPAM-hemin copolymer induced the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-6 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, although hemin and the NIPAM monomer individually did not induce the production of any cytokines. The production of IFN-γ induced by NIPAM-hemin was independent of toll-like receptor 9 and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Conclusion Given that NIPAM-hemin induced IL-6 and IFN-γ production in immune cells without any cytotoxic effects, NIPAM-hemin has potential therapeutic applications as a Th1-type adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Hoshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamazaki
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan,
| | - Chiaki Yoshikawa
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wakako Tsugawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Sode
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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10
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Li G, Xue H, Fan Z, Bai Y. Impact of heme on specific antibody production in mice: promotive, inhibitive or null outcome is determined by its concentration. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00303. [PMID: 28560357 PMCID: PMC5435615 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Free heme is an endogenous danger signal that provokes innate immunity. Active innate immunity provides a precondition of an effective adaptive immune response. However, heme catabolites, CO, biliverdin and bilirubin trigger immunosuppression. Furthermore, free heme induces expression of heme oxygenase-1 to increase production of CO, biliverdin and bilirubin. As such, free heme can play a paradoxical role in adaptive immunity. What is the outcome of the animal immune response to an antigen in the presence of free heme? This question remains to be explored. Here, we report the immunization results of rats and mice after intraperitoneal injection of formulations containing BSA and heme. When the heme concentrations were below 1 μM, between 1 μM and 5 μM and above 5 μM, production of anti-BSA IgG and IgM was unaffected, enhanced and suppressed, respectively. The results suggest that heme can influence adaptive immunity by double concentration-thresholds. If the heme concentrations are less than the first threshold, there is no effect on adaptive immunity; if the concentrations are more than the first but less than the second threshold, there is promotion effect; and if the concentrations are more than the second threshold, there is an inhibitory effect. A hypothesis is also presented here to explain the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Li
- Experimental Training Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China, 519082
| | - Haiyan Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275
| | - Zeng Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275
| | - Yun Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275
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Starkl Renar K, Iskra J, Križaj I. Understanding malarial toxins. Toxicon 2016; 119:319-29. [PMID: 27353131 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recognized since antiquity, malaria is one of the most infamous and widespread infectious diseases in humans and, although the death rate during the last century has been diminishing, it still accounts for more than a half million deaths annually. It is caused by the Plasmodium parasite and typical symptoms include fever, shivering, headache, diaphoresis and nausea, all resulting from an excessive inflammatory response induced by malarial toxins released into the victim's bloodstream. These toxins are hemozoin and glycosylphosphatidylinositols. The former is the final product of the parasite's detoxification of haeme, a by-product of haemoglobin catabolism, while the latter anchor proteins to the Plasmodium cell surface or occur as free molecules. Currently, only two groups of antimalarial toxin drugs exist on the market, quinolines and artemisinins. As we describe, they both target biosynthesis of hemozoin. Other substances, currently in various phases of clinical trials, are directed towards biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol, formation of hemozoin, or attenuation of the inflammatory response of the patient. Among the innovative approaches to alleviating the effects of malarial toxins, is the development of antimalarial toxin vaccines. In this review the most important lessons learned from the use of treatments directed against the action of malarial toxins in antimalarial therapy are emphasized and the most relevant and promising directions for future research in obtaining novel antimalarial agents acting on malarial toxins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Starkl Renar
- Laboratory of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jernej Iskra
- Laboratory of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Lee MSJ, Igari Y, Tsukui T, Ishii KJ, Coban C. Current status of synthetic hemozoin adjuvant: A preliminary safety evaluation. Vaccine 2016; 34:2055-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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