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Baeshen NA, Almulaiky YQ, Afifi M, Al-Farga A, Ali HA, Baeshen NN, Abomughaid MM, Abdelazim AM, Baeshen MN. GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Plant Rhazya stricta Using Various Solvents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:960. [PMID: 36840308 PMCID: PMC9967519 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, human beings have traditionally employed many folkloric herbal resources as complementary and alternative remedies, and these remedies have played a pivotal role in modern medicines for many decades, as scientists have used them to develop drugs. We studied the effects of employing solvents with varying polarity on the yields of phytochemical components extracted from the plant Rhazya stricta. We used chloroform-methanol (1:1), methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate as extraction solvents. The results showed that the efficiencies of the solvents at extracting phytochemical compounds were in this order: chloroform-methanol < ethanol < methanol < diethyl ether < ethyl acetate extract. The chloroform-methanol extract produced the highest concentration of phenolic and flavonoid contents among the five solvents tested (13.3 mg GAE/g DM and 5.43 CE/g DM). The yields of the extracted phytochemical compounds ranged from 47.55 to 6.05%. The results revealed that the properties of the extraction solvents considerably impacted the extraction yield and the phytochemical components of the R. stricta extract. Furthermore, compared with the other solvents, the chloroform-methanol extraction led to the highest yield (47.55%) and to more phytochemical substances being extracted. The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical compounds extracted from R. stricta with different solvents that have different polarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabih A. Baeshen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaaser Q. Almulaiky
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21921, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz 3191, Yemen
| | - Mohamed Afifi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haytham A. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseebh N. Baeshen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosleh M. Abomughaid
- Laboratory Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aaser M. Abdelazim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed N. Baeshen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
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Liu J, Yan XD, Li XQ, Du YH, Zhu LL, Ye TT, Cao ZY, Dong ZW, Li ST, Xu X, Bai W, Li D, Zhang JW, Wang SJ, Li SH, Sun J, Yin XZ. Chrysanthemum sporopollenin: A novel vaccine delivery system for nasal mucosal immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1132129. [PMID: 36845130 PMCID: PMC9947463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1132129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mucosal immunization was an effective defender against pathogens. Nasal vaccines could activate both systemic and mucosal immunity to trigger protective immune responses. However, due to the weak immunogenicity of nasal vaccines and the lack of appropriate antigen carriers, very few nasal vaccines have been clinically approved for human use, which was a major barrier to the development of nasal vaccines. Plant-derived adjuvants are promising candidates for vaccine delivery systems due to their relatively safe immunogenic properties. In particular, the distinctive structure of pollen was beneficial to the stability and retention of antigen in the nasal mucosa. Methods Herein, a novel wild-type chrysanthemum sporopollenin vaccine delivery system loaded with a w/o/w emulsion containing squalane and protein antigen was fabricated. The unique internal cavities and the rigid external walls within the sporopollenin skeleton construction could preserve and stabilize the inner proteins. The external morphological characteristics were suitable for nasal mucosal administration with high adhesion and retention. Results Secretory IgA antibodies in the nasal mucosa can be induced by the w/o/w emulsion with the chrysanthemum sporopollenin vaccine delivery system. Moreover, the nasal adjuvants produce a stronger humoral response (IgA and IgG) compared to squalene emulsion adjuvant. Mucosal adjuvant benefited primarily from prolongation of antigens in the nasal cavity, improvement of antigen penetration in the submucosa and promotion of CD8+ T cells in spleen. Disccusion Based on effective delivering both the adjuvant and the antigen, the increase of protein antigen stability and the realization of mucosal retention, the chrysanthemum sporopollenin vaccine delivery system has the potential to be a promising adjuvant platform. This work provide a novel idea for the fabrication of protein-mucosal delivery vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Ji-Wen Zhang laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Yan
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xian-Qiang Li
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Hao Du
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Li Zhu
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tian-Tian Ye
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ze-Ying Cao
- Ji-Wen Zhang laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Wen Dong
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shu-Tao Li
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Xu
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Li
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ji-Wen Zhang
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Ji-Wen Zhang laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wang
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shan-Hu Li
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Fengtai, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xian-Zhen Yin
- Ji-Wen Zhang laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
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Beyer WE, Palache AM, Boulfich M, Osterhaus AD. Clinical relevance of increased antibody titres in older adults upon vaccination with squalene-adjuvanted versus non-adjuvanted influenza vaccines. Vaccine 2022; 40:3098-3102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kompier R, Neels P, Beyer W, Hardman T, Lioznov D, Kharit S, Kostinov M. Analysis of the safety and immunogenicity profile of an azoximer bromide polymer-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine. F1000Res 2022; 11:259. [PMID: 36176546 PMCID: PMC9493399 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.75869.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review of clinical trials conducted with a low-dose inactivated influenza vaccine adjuvanted by azoximer bromide (AZB, Polyoxidonium), was performed to compare vaccine reactogenicity against non-adjuvant vaccines. We also assessed whether lower amounts of antigen per viral strain in AZB-adjuvanted vaccines affected antibody responses. A robust search strategy identified scientific publications reporting 30 clinical trials, comprising data on 11,736 participants and 86 trial arms, for inclusion in the analysis. Local reaction rates (R lr) appeared to be lower in AZB-adjuvanted vaccine treatment arms versus comparator vaccine treatment arms. Meta‑regression analysis revealed that AZB did not contribute to vaccine reactogenicity. Post-vaccination geometric mean titres in those exposed to AZB-adjuvanted vaccine and comparator vaccine treatment arms were similar in both children and adults aged 18-60 years, implying an antigen-sparing effect by AZB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Kompier
- Ruijgenhoeck 6, 2201 EW Noordwijk, Vaccine Consultancy, The Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles
| | | | - Walter Beyer
- Ruijgenhoeck 6, 2201 EW Noordwijk, Vaccine Consultancy, The Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles,Niche Science and Technology Ltd., Unit 26, Falstaff House, Bardolph Road, Niche Science and Technology, London, UK
| | - Tim Hardman
- Niche Science and Technology Ltd., Unit 26, Falstaff House, Bardolph Road, Niche Science and Technology, London, UK,
| | - Dmitry Lioznov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,First Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Susanna Kharit
- Scientific Research Institute of Children’s Infections of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Michail Kostinov
- Department of Allergology, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russian Federation,Moscow State Medical University, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, Sechenov First, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Hwang JH, Oh MR, Hwang JH, Choi EK, Jung SJ, Song EJ, Españo E, Webby RJ, Webster RG, Kim JK, Chae SW. Effect of processed aloe vera gel on immunogenicity in inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine and upper respiratory tract infection in healthy adults: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153668. [PMID: 34385093 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe vera is a functional food with various pharmacological functions, including an immune-modulating effect. Until now, A. vera has never been studied as an adjuvant in influenza vaccine, and its effects on upper respiratory tract infection (URI) are unknown. PURPOSE The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of processed A. vera gel (PAG) on immunogenicity of quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and URI in healthy adults. STUDY DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed. METHODS This study was conducted in 100 healthy adults at a single center from September 2017 to May 2018. Subjects were randomly divided into a PAG group (n = 50) and a placebo group (n = 50). The enrolled subjects were instructed to ingest the study drug for 8 weeks. The participants received a single dose of quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine after taking the study drug for the first 4 weeks of the study. The primary endpoint was seroprotection rate against at least one viral strain at 4 weeks post-vaccination. Other outcomes were seroprotection rate at 24 weeks post-vaccination, seroconversion rate, geometric mean fold increase (GMFI) at 4 and 24 weeks post-vaccination, seroprotection rate ratio and geometric mean titer ratio (GMTR) at 4 weeks post-vaccination between PAG and placebo groups, and incidence, severity, and duration of URI. RESULTS The European Committee for proprietary medicinal products (CPMP) evaluation criteria were met at least one in the PAG and placebo groups for all strains. However, there was no significant difference in the seroprotection rate at 4 weeks post-vaccination against all strains in both PAG and placebo groups. Among secondary endpoints, the GMFI at 4 weeks post-vaccination for the A/H3N2 was significantly higher in the PAG than in placebo group. The GMTR as adjuvant effect was 1.382 (95% CI, 1.014-1.1883). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed a reduction in incidence of URI (p = 0.035), and a generalized estimating equation model identified a decrease in repeated URI events (odds ratio 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.83; p = 0.003) in the PAG group. CONCLUSIONS Oral intake of PAG did not show a significant increase in seroprotection rate from an immunogenicity perspective. However, it reduced the number of URI episodes. A well-designed further study is needed on the effect of PAG's antibody response against A/H3N2 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwan Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Oh
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Hwang
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Choi
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Erica Españo
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Robert G Webster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeong-Ki Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea; Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea.
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Vesikari T, Ramsey K, Pitisuttithum P, Capeding R, Heijnen E, Sawlwin D, Oberyé J, Zhang B, Smolenov I. Repeated exposure to an MF-59 adjuvanted quadrivalent subunit influenza vaccine (aQIV) in children: Results of two revaccination studies. Vaccine 2020; 38:8224-8231. [PMID: 33139136 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccines induce higher immune responses and have the potential to confer better protection against influenza among young vaccine-naïve children. Limited data describe benefits and risks of repeated administration of adjuvanted influenza vaccines in children. Two revaccination studies assess the safety and immunogenicity of repeated exposure to an MF59-adjuvanted quadrivalent influenza vaccine (aQIV; Fluad®) compared to routine non-adjuvanted quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV). METHODS Children previously enrolled in the parent study, who received vaccination with aQIV or nonadjuvanted influenza vaccine (TIV or QIV), were recruited in Season 1 (n = 607) or Season 2 (n = 1601) of the extension trials. Season 1 participants remained in their original randomization groups (aQIV-aQIV or TIV-QIV); Season 2 subjects were re-randomized to either vaccine, resulting in four groups (aQIV-aQIV, aQIV-QIV, QIV-aQIV, or QIV-QIV). All subjects received a single-dose vaccination. Blood samples were taken for immunogenicity assessment prior to vaccination and 21 and 180 days after vaccination. Reactogenicity (Days 1-7) and safety were assessed in all subjects. RESULTS Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios demonstrated superiority of aQIV revaccination over QIV revaccination for all strains in Season 1 and for A/H1N1, B/Yamagata, and B/Victoria in Season 2. Higher HI titers against heterologous influenza strains were observed after aQIV vaccination during both seasons. Mild to moderate severity and short duration reactogenicity was more common in the aQIV than QIV groups, but the overall safety profiles were similar to the parent study. CONCLUSION The safety and immunogenicity results from this study demonstrate benefit of aQIV for both priming and revaccination of children aged 12 months to 7 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Ramsey
- Jordan Ridge Kids & Teens, West Jordan, USA
| | - P Pitisuttithum
- Mahidol University, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - R Capeding
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Esther Heijnen
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Janine Oberyé
- Seqirus Netherlands BV, Clinical Science and Strategy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bin Zhang
- Seqirus Inc, Clinical Science and Strategy, Cambridge, USA
| | - Igor Smolenov
- Seqirus Inc, Clinical Science and Strategy, Cambridge, USA
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Boravleva EY, Lunitsin AV, Kaplun AP, Bykova NV, Krasilnikov IV, Gambaryan AS. Immune Response and Protective Efficacy of Inactivated and Live Influenza Vaccines Against Homologous and Heterosubtypic Challenge. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:553-566. [PMID: 32571185 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920050041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inactivated (whole-virion, split, subunit, and adjuvanted) vaccines and live attenuated vaccine were tested in parallel to compare their immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Homologous and heterosubtypic protection against the challenge with influenza H5N1 and H1N1 viruses in a mouse model were studied. Single immunization with live or inactivated whole-virion H5N1 vaccine elicited a high level of serum antibodies and provided complete protection against the challenge with the lethal A/Chicken/Kurgan/3/05 (H5N1) virus, whereas application of a single dose of the split vaccine was much less effective. Adjuvants increased the antibody levels. Addition of the Iso-SANP adjuvant to the split vaccine led to a paradoxical outcome: it increased the antibody levels but reduced the protective effect of the vaccine. All tested adjuvants shifted the ratio between IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies. Immunization with any of the tested heterosubtypic live viruses provided partial protection against the H5N1 challenge and significantly reduced mouse mortality, while inactivated H1N1 vaccine offered no protection at all. More severe course of illness and earlier death were observed in mice after immunization with adjuvanted subunit vaccines followed by the challenge with the heterosubtypic virus compared to challenged unvaccinated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Boravleva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 108819, Russia
| | - A V Lunitsin
- FSBSI Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Volginsky, Vladimir Region, 601125, Russia
| | - A P Kaplun
- Lomonosov Moscow University of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow, 119571, Russia
| | - N V Bykova
- Lomonosov Moscow University of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow, 119571, Russia
| | - I V Krasilnikov
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Vaccines and Sera, FMBA, St.-Petersburg, 198320, Russia
| | - A S Gambaryan
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 108819, Russia.
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