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Turaiche M, Grigoras ML, Bratosin F, Bogdan I, Bota AV, Cerbu B, Gurban CV, Wulandari PH, Gurumurthy S, Hemaswini K, Citu C, Marincu I. Disease Progression, Clinical Features, and Risk Factors for Pneumonia in Unvaccinated Children and Adolescents with Measles: A Re-Emerging Disease in Romania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13165. [PMID: 36293745 PMCID: PMC9603068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Measles causes in vaccinated children, with some exceptions, a mild disease, while the unvaccinated can suffer complications that result in serious consequences and even death. Although the introduction of the measles vaccine has reduced the number of cases and the viral spread, the current downward vaccination trend has resulted in the resurgence of the disease. Currently, Romania has a measles vaccination coverage below the 95% safety threshold. Thus, an outbreak started in 2016 and still ongoing in Romania, many cases being identified in the Western region in the pediatric population. Our objective was to conduct a thorough examination of clinical characteristics, evolution, and risk factors in vaccinated and unvaccinated children in this region. To reach our objectives we used a retrospective cohort analysis. The authors reviewed clinical and laboratory data from patients hospitalized at "Victor Babes" Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pulmonology in Timisoara. We found a total of 136 qualifying cases of measles among the children admitted to this facility. The two comparison groups consisted of 104 children under 10 years and 32 patients between 10 and 18 years. An important characteristic of both study groups was the high prevalence of patients from the Roma ethnicity, which, although represents a minority in Romania, the prevalence was over 40% in the current study. The infection source was in 40.4% of children under 10 years inside the family, while 71.9% of infections in the group of adolescents were isolated (p-value = 0.047). The multivariate risk factor analysis identified as independent risk factors for the development of pneumonia the older age of patients (OR = 1.62), poor nutritional status (OR = 1.25), Roma ethnicity (OR = 2.44), presence of anemia (OR = 1.58), and procalcitonin (OR = 3.09). It is essential to handle these risk factors in a patient with measles, especially in conjunction with an unknown vaccination status. To achieve a vaccination rate greater than 95 percent for Romanian children, measles vaccination awareness must be promoted, moreover in the Roma population. More comprehensive preventative methods must be developed promptly with the objective of eradicating measles in Romania via a vigorous vaccination campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Turaiche
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Loredana Grigoras
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Felix Bratosin
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Bogdan
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Vasile Bota
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bianca Cerbu
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Camelia Vidita Gurban
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | | | | | - Kakarla Hemaswini
- Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Suraram Main Road 138, Hyderabad 500055, India
| | - Cosmin Citu
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iosif Marincu
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Andersson PA, Tinghög G, Västfjäll D. The effect of herd immunity thresholds on willingness to vaccinate. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 9:243. [PMID: 35874284 PMCID: PMC9294790 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, media and policymakers openly speculated about the number of immune citizens needed to reach a herd immunity threshold. What are the effects of such numerical goals on the willingness to vaccinate? In a large representative sample (N = 1540) of unvaccinated Swedish citizens, we find that giving a low (60%) compared to a high (90%) threshold has direct effects on beliefs about reaching herd immunity and beliefs about how many others that will get vaccinated. Presenting the high threshold makes people believe that herd immunity is harder to reach (on average about half a step on a seven-point scale), compared to the low threshold. Yet at the same time, people also believe that a higher number of the population will get vaccinated (on average about 3.3% more of the population). Since these beliefs affect willingness to vaccinate in opposite directions, some individuals are encouraged and others discouraged depending on the threshold presented. Specifically, in mediation analysis, the high threshold indirectly increases vaccination willingness through the belief that many others will get vaccinated (B = 0.027, p = 0.003). At the same time, the high threshold also decreases vaccination willingness through the belief that the threshold goal is less attainable (B = -0.053, p < 0.001) compared to the low threshold condition. This has consequences for ongoing COVID-19 vaccination and future vaccination campaigns. One message may not fit all, as different groups can be encouraged or discouraged from vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per A. Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linkoping university, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Gustav Tinghög
- Department of Management and Engineering, Linkoping university, Linkoping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping university, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Västfjäll
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linkoping university, Linkoping, Sweden
- Decision Research, Eugene, OR USA
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Leder J, Schütz A, Pastukhov A. Keeping the Kids Home. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social consequences in day-to-day decisions might not have been salient to the decider and thus egoistic. How can prosocial intentions be increased? In an experimental vignette study with N = 206, we compared the likelihood that parents send sick children to kindergarten after four interventions (general information about COVID-19, empathy, reflection of consequences via mental simulation, and control group). Independent of the intervention, empathic concern with individuals who were affected by COVID-19 and the salience of social consequences were high. The reported likelihood of sending a sick child to kindergarten was somewhat reduced in the control group and even more reduced in the reflection and empathy group, but not in the information group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Leder
- Department of Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, University of Bamberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Schütz
- Department of Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, University of Bamberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pastukhov
- Department of Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, University of Bamberg, Germany
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Pratama NR, Wafa IA, Budi DS, Putra M, Wardhana MP, Wungu CDK. mRNA Covid-19 vaccines in pregnancy: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261350. [PMID: 35108277 PMCID: PMC8809595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy is a known risk factor for severe Coronavirus disease 2019. It is important to develop safe vaccines that elicit strong maternal and fetal antibody responses. METHODS Registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO Clinical Trial Registry, and the European Union Clinical Trial Registry) and databases (MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Proquest, Springer, medRxiv, and bioRxiv) were systematically searched in June 20-22, 2021, for research articles pertaining to Covid-19 and pregnancy. Manual searches of bioRxiv and medRxiv were also conducted. Inclusion criteria were studies that focused on Covid-19 vaccination among pregnant women, while review articles and non-human studies were excluded. Infection rate, maternal antibody response, transplacental antibody transfer, and adverse events were described. RESULTS There were 13 observational studies with a total of 48,039 pregnant women who received mRNA vaccines. Of those, three studies investigated infection rate, six studies investigated maternal antibody response, seven studies investigated antibody transfer, three studies reported local adverse events, and five studies reported systemic adverse events. The available data suggested that the mRNA-based vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) can prevent future SARS-CoV-2 infection. These vaccines did not show clear harm in pregnancy. The most commonly encountered adverse reactions were pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache, but these were transient. Antibody responses were rapid after the first vaccine dose. After the booster, antibody responses were stronger and associated with better transplacental antibody transfer. Longer intervals between first vaccination dose and delivery were also associated with higher antibody fetal IgG and a better antibody transfer ratio. CONCLUSIONS The SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are encouraged for pregnancy. These vaccines can be a safe option for pregnant women and their fetuses. Two vaccine doses are recommended for more robust maternal and fetal antibody responses. Longer latency is associated with higher fetal antibody responses. Further research about its long-term effect on pregnancy is needed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021261684).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ifan Ali Wafa
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Manesha Putra
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Manggala Pasca Wardhana
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Mazidimoradi A, Salehiniya H. Decreased vaccination coverage and recurrence risk of measles due to COVID-19 pandemic. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1367-1369. [PMID: 34650389 PMCID: PMC8495115 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Yılmaz M, Sahin MK. Parents' willingness and attitudes concerning the COVID-19 vaccine: A cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14364. [PMID: 33998108 PMCID: PMC8236907 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the parents' willingness and attitudes concerning the COVID-19 vaccine. METHOD This cross-sectional study was performed using a self-administered online survey, covering parents' and their children's characteristics, parents' willingness and attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 1035 parents participated. RESULTS Analysis showed that 36.3% of parents were willing to have their children receive the COVID-19 vaccine and that 59.9% were willing to receive it themselves. In addition, 83.9% were willing to have their children vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine if the mortality rates associated with COVID-19 in children increased following a mutation. After adjusting for significant variables, willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 24.91; 95% CI = 10.93-56.76), willingness for their children to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine trial (AOR = 11.87; 95% CI = 2.41-58.40] and advising others to receive the COVID-19 vaccine [AOR = 7.82; 95% CI = 2.50-24.49] were associated with greater parents' willingness for their children to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS Parents' willingness for their children to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was low. The only characteristics of either parents or children found to affect the parents' willingness for children to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was the parents being healthcare workers. Parents' willingness and positive attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine are factors that increase acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mustafa Kursat Sahin
- Department of Family MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of Ondokuz MayısSamsunTurkey
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Böhm R, Betsch C. Prosocial vaccination. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 43:307-311. [PMID: 34517200 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Most vaccines not only directly protect vaccinated individuals but also provide a social benefit through community protection. Therefore, vaccination can be considered a prosocial act to protect others. We review the recent empirical evidence on (i) how prosocial concerns relate to vaccination intentions and (ii) promoting prosocial vaccination through explaining community protection or inducing concern for vulnerable others. The available evidence suggests that promoting the prosocial aspect of vaccinations could be a vaccination communication strategy to improve vaccine uptake. We point to several areas in which future research can test the boundary conditions of this approach and increase its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Böhm
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Universitätsstrasse 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria; Department of Psychology, Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science (SODAS), University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Cornelia Betsch
- Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences (CEREB), Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Nordhäuser Str. 63, 99089 Erfurt, Germany
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Iragavarapu C, Hildebrandt G. Lisocabtagene Maraleucel for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1151-1156. [PMID: 34030548 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1933939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Lisocabtagene Maraleucel (Liso-cel) is a second-generation Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy product targeting CD19. It is currently being evaluated for B-cell lymphomas with pivotal trials conducted in Aggressive B-cell LymphomasAreas covered: To prepare this article reviewing preclinical and clinical data studying Liso-cel, we performed a Pubmed search using the terms 'JCAR017' and 'Lisocabtagene maraleucel'. Pre-clinical work done with Liso-cel demonstrate the synergistic activity of CD4 + T-cells and CD8+ central memory T-cells (TCM) at a predefined ratio of 1:1. The trial, TRANSCEND NHL001 in aggressive B-cell lymphoma, confirms robust antitumor activity while demonstrating manageable toxicity profile.Expert Opinion: There are inherent differences amongst the three CD19 directed CAR-T products. This could explain the differences in efficacy and safety profiles of the products. In the absence of randomized data, it would be scientifically unsound to prioritize one product over another. Nevertheless, when aiming to balance efficacy and safety, current prospective data indicate that Liso-cel is well positioned with impressive response rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Iragavarapu
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gerhard Hildebrandt
- Professor of Medicine, Division Chief, Hematology & Blood and Marrow Transplantation.,Director, Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program.,Adjunct Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
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