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Oslan SNH, Yusoff AH, Mazlan M, Lim SJ, Khoo JJ, Oslan SN, Ismail A. Comprehensive approaches for the detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei and diagnosis of melioidosis in human and environmental samples. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105637. [PMID: 35710088 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melioidosis is endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. The causative agent of melioidosis is a Gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei. Its invasion can be fatal if melioidosis is not treated promptly. It is intrinsically resistant to a variety of antibiotics. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the current trends on melioidosis cases, treatments, B. pseudomallei virulence factors, and molecular techniques to detect the bacterium from different samples. The clinical and microbial diagnosis methods of identification and detection of B. pseudomallei are commonly used for the rapid diagnosis and typing of strains, such as polymerase chain reaction or multi-locus sequence typing. The genotyping strategies and techniques have been constantly evolving to identify genomic loci linked to or associated with this human disease. More research strategies for detecting and controlling melioidosis should be encouraged and conducted to understand the current situation. In conclusion, we review existing diagnostic methodologies for melioidosis detection and provide insights on prospective diagnostic methods for the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Hazwani Oslan
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Hafidz Yusoff
- Gold Rare Earth and Material Technopreneurship Centre (GREAT), Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mazlina Mazlan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Si Jie Lim
- Enzyme Technology and X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jing Jing Khoo
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme Technology and X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Aziah Ismail
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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